Apollo: 1963-1972
The
Apollo Program landed humans on the Moon and brought them back safely
to Earth. After 16 uncrewed vehicle-testing missions and the tragedy
of the Apollo 1 launch pad fire, the Earth-orbiting Apollo 7 and
9 missions tested the Command and Lunar Modules. Apollos 8 and 10
tested various components while orbiting the Moon, and returned
photography of the lunar surface. Six lunar landings (Apollo 11,
12, 14, 15, 16, and 17) returned a wealth of scientific data and
almost 400 kilograms of lunar samples. Apollo 13 did not land on
the Moon due to a malfunction. Three planned Apollo missions (Apollo
18, 19 and 20) were cancelled.
Lunar Exploration
Lunar
Exploration Links http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_25th.html
Lunar
Exploration Timeline http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunartimeline.html
Moon
Fact Sheet http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html
Apollo Histories
and Overviews
Where
No Man Has Gone Before: A History of Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4214/cover.html
Apollo
Expeditions to the Moon http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-350/cover.html
The
Decision to Go to the Moon:
President John F. Kennedy's May 25, 1961 Speech http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/moondec.html
President
Kennedy's Speech Video http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/multimedia/
video/v-003.mpg
President
Kennedy's Rice University Speech Video http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/multimedia/
video/v-004.mpg
Apollo
Over the Moon: A View from Orbit http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-362/cover.htm
The
Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/cover.htm
Chariots
For Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/cover.html
Managing
NASA in the Apollo Era http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4102/sp4102.htm
NASA
Engineers and the Age of Apollo http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4104/sp4104.htm
Stages
to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4206/sp4206.htm
Apollo
By The Numbers: A Statistical Reference http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/SP-4029.htm
Moonport:
A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/cover.html
Apollo
Goals http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-goals.txt
Apollo
Flight Summaries http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/flight-summary.txt
NASA
Apollo Press Kits http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo:
A Retrospective Analysis http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/cover.html
Saturn
V Press Kit http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/saturnV/index.html
A
Brief History of the Lunar Roving Vehicle http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/LRV.pdf
Project
Apollo Drawings and Technical Diagrams http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/diagrams/apollo.html
JSC
Apollo Images http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/index.html
Apollo
Lunar Roving Vehicle http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_lrv.html
JSC
Apollo Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
An
Annotated Bibliography of the Apollo Program http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollobib/cover.html
Lunar
Surface Journals http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/frame.html
JSC
Lunar Samples Curation http://www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/curator/curator.htm
Where
No Flag Has Gone Before: Political and Technical Aspects of Placing
a Flag on the Moon http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/flag/flag.htm
Non-NASA
Links about Apollo http://history.nasa.gov/apollo.html
Life
Sciences Data Archive Searchable Database http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo/Saturn
Uncrewed Flights
SA-1
Launched 27 October 1961
First flight of Saturn 1 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=SATURNSA1
SA-2
Launched 25 April 1962
Project High Water I http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=SATURNSA2
SA-3
Launched 16 November 1962
Project High Water II http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=SATURNSA3
SA-4
Launched 28 March 1963
Engine-out capability test http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=SATURNSA4
SA-5
Launched 29 January 1964
First Block II Saturn launch http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1964-005A
SA-6
Launched 28 May 1964
First Apollo boilerplate model http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1964-025A
SA-7
Launched 18 September 1964
Apollo boilerplate model http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1964-057A
SA-9/Pegasus
1
Launched 16 February 1965
Apollo boilerplate model and micrometeoroid satellite http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1965-009A
AS-201
Launched 26 February 1966
First flight of Saturn 1B http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=APST201
AS-202
Launched 25 August 1966
Apollo development flight http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=APST202
SA-8/Pegasus
2
Launched 25 May 1965
Apollo boilerplate model and micrometeoroid satellite http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1965-039A
SA-10/Pegasus
3
Launched 30 July 1965
Apollo boilerplate model and micrometeoroid satellite http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1965-060A
AS-203
Launched 5 July 1966
First S-IVB stage orbital mission http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1966-059A
Apollo
4
Launched 9 November 1967
First all-up launch of Saturn V http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1967-113A
Apollo
5
Launched 22 January 1968
First test of Lunar Module in space http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1968-007A
Apollo
6 Launched
4 April 1968
Final uncrewed Apollo test flight http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1968-025A
The Apollo 1 Launch Pad Accident
Apollo 1
27 January 1967
Tragic
Loss of Three Apollo Astronauts http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/
Annotated
Bibliography About The Apollo 204 Fire http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/biblio.html
Apollo
204 Review Board Report. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/
as204report.html
Effects
of and responses to Apollo 204 Review Board Report http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollo204/concl.html
Apollo
1 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-1/apollo-1.html
Apollo
1 information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo1info.html
Apollo
1 JSC Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo Crewed
Earth-Orbiting Missions
Apollo 7
Launched 11 October 1968
First crewed Apollo flight
Splashdown 22 October 1968
Apollo
7 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo7/index.html
Apollo
7 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-7/apollo-7.htm
Apollo
7 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1968-089A
Apollo
7 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo7.html
Apollo
7 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
7 JSC Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo Lunar
Missions
The Apollo lunar missions consisted of a Command Module (CM) and
a Lunar Module (LM). The CM and LM would separate after lunar orbit
insertion. One crew member would stay in the CM, which would orbit
the Moon, while the other two astronauts would take the LM down
to the lunar surface. After exploring the surface, setting up experiments,
taking pictures, collecting rock samples, etc., the astronauts would
return to the CM for the journey back to Earth.
Apollo
Lunar Landing Sites http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/lunarlanding.html
Apollo
Lunar Landings Map http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/moon_landing_map.jpg
Apollo 8
Launched 21 December 1968
Lunar Orbit and Return
Returned to Earth 27 December 1968
Apollo
8 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo8/index.html
Apollo
8 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo8info.html
Apollo
8 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-8/apollo-8.htm
Apollo
8 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo8.html
Apollo
8 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
8 Christmas Eve Broadcast http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo8_xmas.html
Apollo
8 JSC Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo
8: Earth's Rise to a New Era http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/apollo8_mp3/apollo8.htm
Apollo 9
Launched 03 March 1969
First crewed Lunar Module test
Splashdown 13 March 1969
Apollo
9 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo9/index.html
Apollo
9 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1969-018A
Apollo
9 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-9/apollo-9.htm
Apollo
9 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo9.html
Apollo
9 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
9 JSC Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo 10
Launched 18 May 1969
Lunar Orbit and Return
Returned to Earth 26 May 1969
Apollo
10 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo10/index.html
Apollo
10 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo10info.html
Apollo
10 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-10/apollo-10.htm
Apollo
10 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo10.html
Apollo
10 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
10 JSC Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo 11
Launched 16 July 1969
Landed on Moon 20 July 1969
Sea of Tranquility
Returned to Earth 24 July 1969
Apollo
11 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo11/index.html
Apollo
11 Mission Log http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo11/log.html
Apollo
11: The First Lunar Landing http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/ap11ann/
FirstLunarLanding/toc.html
Apollo
11 Launch Videos http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/video/apollo/apollo11/
html/launch.html
Apollo
11 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo11info.html
Apollo
11 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-11/apollo-11.htm
Apollo
11 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo11.html
Apollo
11 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
11 25th Anniversary http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo11.html
Apollo
11 30th Anniversary http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/ap11ann/introduction.htm
Apollo
11 JSC Digital Image Collection http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo11/
ndxpage1.html
Apollo
11 JSC Video Gallery http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/video/apollo/apollo11/
html/launch.html
Where
No Flag Has Gone Before: Political and Technical Aspects of Placing
a Flag on the Moon http://jsc.nasa.gov/history/flag/flag.htm
Apollo 12
Launched 14 November 1969
Landed on Moon 19 November 1969
Ocean of Storms
Returned to Earth 24 November 1969
Apollo
12 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo12/index.html
Apollo
12: Exploring the Moon http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo12/Apollo12.html
Apollo
12 Spacecraft http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo12/
A12_Overview_spacecraft.html
Apollo
12 Lunar Surface Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a12/a12.html
Apollo
12 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo12info.html
Apollo
12 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-12/apollo-12.htm
Apollo
12 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
12 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo12.html
Apollo 13
Launched 11 April 1970
Lunar Flyby and Return
Malfunction forced cancellation of lunar landing
Returned to Earth 17 April 1970
Apollo
13 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo13/index.html
Apollo
13 Accident Chronology http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Timeline/
apollo13chron.html
Apollo
13 Accident Information http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ap13acc.html
Apollo
13 Lunar Surface Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a13/a13.html
Apollo
13 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo13info.html
Apollo
13 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-13/apollo-13.htm
Apollo
13 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo13.html
Apollo
13 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
13 JSC Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo 14
Launched 31 January 1971
Landed on Moon 5 February 1971
Fra Mauro
Returned to Earth 9 February 1971
Apollo
14 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo14/index.html
Apollo
14: Exploring the Moon http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo14/Apollo14.html
Apollo
14 Spacecraft http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo14/
A14_Overview_spacecraft.html
Apollo
14 Lunar Surface Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a14/a14.html
Apollo
14 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo14info.html
Apollo
14 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-14/apollo-14.htm
Apollo
14 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo14.html
Apollo
14 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
14 JSC Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo 15
Launched 26 July 1971
Landed on Moon 30 July 1971
Hadley Rille
Returned to Earth 7 August 1971
Apollo
15 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo15/index.html
Apollo
15: Exploring the Moon http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo15/Apollo15.html
Apollo
15 Spacecraft http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo15/
A15_Overview_spacecraft.html
Apollo
15 Flight Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/ap15fj/index.htm
Apollo
15 Lunar Surface Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a15/a15.html
Apollo
15 Hammer/Feather Drop http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/image/featherdrop_sound.mov
Apollo
15 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo15info.html
Apollo
15 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-15/apollo-15.htm
Apollo
15 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo15.html
Apollo
15 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
15 JSC Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo 16
Launched 16 April 1972
Landed on Moon 20 April 1972
Descartes
Returned to Earth 27 April 1972
Apollo
16 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo16/index.html
Apollo
16: Exploring the Moon http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo16/Apollo16.html
Apollo
16 Spacecraft http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo16/
A16_Overview_spacecraft.html
Apollo
16 Lunar Surface Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a16/a16.html
On
The Moon with Apollo 16: A guidebook to the Descartes Region http://history.nasa.gov/EP-95/ep95.htm
Apollo
16 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo16info.html
Apollo
16 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-16/apollo-16.htm
Apollo
16 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo16.html
Apollo
16 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
16 JSC Digital Image Collection http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/
apollo16/ndxpage1.html
Apollo 17
Launched 07 December 1972
Landed on Moon 11 December 1972
Taurus-Littrow
Returned to Earth 19 December 1972
Apollo
17 Information at Johnson Space Center http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo17/index.html
Apollo
17: Exploring the Moon http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo17/Apollo17.html
Apollo
17 Spacecraft http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/expmoon/Apollo17/
A17_Overview_spacecraft.html
Apollo
17 Lunar Surface Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a17/a17.html
Apollo
17 Lunar Module Lift-Off from Moon http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/movie/as17_liftoff2.mov
Apollo
17 Information at Goddard Space Flight Center http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo17info.html
Apollo
17 Information at Kennedy Space Center http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/apollo/apollo-17/apollo-17.htm
Apollo
17 Information at NASA Headquarters http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/apollo/apo17.html
Apollo
17 Press Kit http://www-lib.ksc.nasa.gov/lib/presskits.html
Apollo
17 JSC Digital Image Collection http://images.jsc.nasa.gov
Apollo
18, 19 & 20 - The Cancelled Missions http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_18_20.html
Communications
Transcripts: Mercury Through Apollo http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/mission_trans/mission_transcripts.htm
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