Many parents with low educational attainment prematurely graduate their children to seat belt restraint rather than use belt-positioning booster seats. This study, a quantitative and qualitative research conducted July 2003 to October 2006, aimed to identify interventions that promoted booster seat use among this population.

Focus groups were used to elicit factors contributing to booster seat nonuse, which informed subsequent intervention development. A first phase (12 focus groups, n=107) identified parents' perceived barriers, benefits, and threats relating to booster seats. These findings were used to identify existing and create new interventions. A second phase (16 focus groups, n=142) elicited parents' reactions to these interventions and provided parents with belt-positioning booster seats and education on their use.