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History of the Treasury
Secretaries of the Treasury
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Charles Foster
(1891 - 1893)
Previously a businessman, a Congressman (1870-1879),
and Governor of Ohio (1879-1891), Charles Foster (1828-1904) was appointed
Secretary of the Treasury in 1891 by President Benjamin Harrison. By 1890
the Treasury  Department, with a long history of intervening
in and regulating the money market, was regarded as the ultimate source
of currency in times of need. However, beginning that year the Treasury
surplus of the 1880s disappeared. Foster felt the effects of the Sherman
Silver Purchasing Act (which obligated the Secretary to buy silver bullion
and issue legal tender notes based on silver as well as gold, redeemable
in gold) and the McKinley Tariff Act (which lowered tariffs), both of 1890.
As the gold in Treasury vaults was replaced by silver
and customs revenues declined, it became more and more difficult for the
Treasury to meet demands for redemption of notes in gold. Though Foster
believed in the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and pledged to maintain parity
between gold and silver, the run on Treasury gold made him nervous. In
1893 he sold legal tender notes to commercial banks in exchange for gold,
in order to build up the Treasury gold supply. In spite of his efforts,
the gold reserves continued to decline and this led ultimately to the
Panic of 1893 during the term of his successor, Secretary John G. Carlisle.
Foster had meanwhile resigned at the end of Harrison's term.
About the Artist
Robert Gordon Hardie was born in 1854 in Brattleboro,
Vermont. He studied art in New York City at the Cooper Institute, the
Art Students League, the National Academy of Design, and in Paris with
Jean Leon Gerome. He exhibited his works at the World's Columbian Exposition
in 1893 and at several Paris Salons. His portrait of Charles Foster, painted
from life in 1893, shows the Secretary during his last year in office
and places him next to a pilaster in the Treasury Building's corridor.
Office of the Curator
All rights reserved. 2001
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