[cost2.txt, dated 12/97]

Costs to society of alcohol abuse, other drug abuse, and mental illness, 
United States, 1980  [in millions of dollars]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Other
                                          Alcohol    Drug    Mental    Total
Types of Costs                             Abuse    Abuse   Illness     [e]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Core costs
  Direct
    Treatment                               9,487    1,200   20,961   31,647
    Support                                   984      243    2,597    3,823
  Indirect
    Mortality[a]                           14,456    1,980    7,196   23,632
    Morbidity[b]                           54,680   26,028   21,664  102,372
      Reduced productivity[c]             (50,575) (25,716)  (3,122) (79,413)
      Lost employment                      (4,105)    (312) (18,542) (22,959)
                                          -------  -------  -------  -------
  Total[e]                                 79,607   29,451   52,418  161,476

Other related costs
  Direct
    Motor vehicle crashes (property loss)   2,185      [d]        -    2,185
    Crime[b]                                2,347    5,910      870    9,127
      Public                               (2,062)  (4,454)    (635)  (7,151)
      Private                                (261)  (1,345)    (235)  (1,841)
      Property loss/damage                    (24)    (111)      (-)    (135)
    Social welfare programs                    38        2      201      241
    Other                                   2,912      537      659    4,108

  Indirect
    Victims of crime                          172      845        -    1,017
    Crime careers                               -    8,725        -    8,725
    Incarceration                           1,801    1,466       88    3,356
    Motor vehicle crashes (time loss)         464      [d]        -      464
                                          -------  -------  -------  -------
  Total[e]                                  9,919   17,485    1,818   29,222

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total[c,e]                                 89,526   46,936   54,236  190,698
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SOURCE: Adapted from Harwood, H.; Napolitano, D.M.; Christensen, P.L.; and
        Collins, J.J.  ECONOMIC COSTS TO SOCIETY OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE
        AND MENTAL ILLNESS, 1980.  Report to Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and 
        Mental Health Administration. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research
        Triangle Institute, 1984.

[a] At 6 percent discount rate.
[b] Components are indicated in parentheses.
[c] Total costs for each of the three disorders are not comparable because 
    the completeness of data available for each category varied 
    significantly.  For example, the estimate of reduced productivity is 
    relatively complete for alcohol abuse, partially complete for drug 
    abuse, and incomplete for mental illness.
[d] Although costs are hypothesized to occur in this category, data are 
    insufficient for a reliable estimate.
[e] Totals may not add exactly because of rounding.