[cost5.txt, dated 3/99]

Economic costs of alcohol and drug abuse in the United States, 1992
(in millions of dollars)

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     Economic Costs                      Total        Alcohol       Drugs
                                          ($)           ($)          ($)
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Health Care Expenditures
  Alcohol and drug abuse services        9,973         5,573        4,400
  Medical consequences                  18,778        13,247        5,531
Total, Health Care Expenditures         28,751        18,820        9,931

Productivity Effects (Lost Earnings)
  Premature death                       45,902        31,327       14,575
  Impaired productivity                 82,201        67,696       14,205
  Institutionalized populations          2,990         1,513        1,477
  Incarceration                         23,356         5,449       17,907
  Crime careers                         19,198           --        19,198
  Victims of crime                       3,071         1,012        2,059
Total, Productivity Effects            176,418       106,997       69,421

Other Effects on Society
  Crime                                 24,282         6,312       17,970
  Social welfare administration          1,020           683          337
  Motor vehicle crashes                 13,619        13,619           --
  Fire destruction                       1,590         1,590           --
Total, Other Effects on Society         40,511        22,204       18,307

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Grand Total                            245,680       148,021       97,659
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Note: Components may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Source: THE ECONOMIC COSTS OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE IN THE UNITED STATES,
        1992.  H. Harwood, D. Fountain, and G. Livermore.  Analysis by the
        Lewin Group.  Rockville, MD:  DHHS, NIH, NIDA, OSPC, NIAAA, OPA.
        NIH Publication No. 98-4327, Printed September 1998.