Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
1995 Citations

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  1. Anderson, J. L., 1995: A simulation of atmospheric blocking with a forced barotropic model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52(15), 2593-2608.
    Abstract

  2. Anderson, J. L., and W. F. Stern, 1995: A method of evaluating the predictive ability of ensemble forecasts. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Climte Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Dept. of Commerce/NOAA/NWS, 472-475.
    [No abstract]

  3. Anderson, L. A., and J. L. Sarmiento, 1995: Global ocean phosphate and oxygen simulations. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9(4), 621-636.
    Abstract

  4. Bender, M. A., 1995: Numerical study of the asymmetric structure in the interior of tropical cyclones. In Preprints, 21st Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, April 24-28, 1995, Miami, FL, American Meteorological Society, 600-602.
    [No abstract]

  5. Brantstator, G., and I. M. Held, 1995: Westward propagating normal modes in the presence of stationary background waves. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52(2), 247-262.
    Abstract

  6. Broccoli, A. J., S. Manabe, J. F. B. Mitchell, and L. Bengtsson, 1995: Comments on "Global climate change and tropical cyclones": Part II. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 76(11), 2243-2245.
    [No abstract]

  7. Bryan, K., 1995: Commentary on the paper of McWilliams. In Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 353.
    [No abstract]

  8. Bryan, K., and F. C. Hansen, 1995: A stochastic model of North Atlantic climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. In Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 355-362; Discussion: 363-364.
    Abstract

  9. Chavez, F. P., and J. R. Toggweiler, 1995: Physical estimates of global new production: The upwelling contribution. In Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient Records, John Wiley & Sons, 313-320.
    Abstract

  10. Chen, C.-T., and V. Ramaswamy, 1995: Parameterization of the solar radiative characteristics of low clouds and studies with a general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(D6), 11,611-11,622.
    Abstract

  11. Cochran, J. K., D. J. Hirschberg, H. D. Livingston, K. O. Buesseler, and R. M. Key, 1995: Natural and anthropogenic radionuclide distributions in the Nansen Basin, Arctic Ocean: Scavenging rates and circulation timescales. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 42(6), 1495-1517.
    Abstract

  12. Delworth, T. L., 1995: Commentary on the paper of Parker et al. In Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 251.
    [No abstract]

  13. Delworth, T. L., S. Manabe, and R. J. Stouffer, 1995: North Atlantic Interdecadal variability in a coupled model. In Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 432-439; Discussion: 440-441.
    Abstract

  14. Donner, L. J., 1995: Validating cumulus parameterizations using cloud (system)-resolving models. In Preprints, 21st Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, April 24-28, 1995, Miami, FL, American Meteorological Society, 564-566.
    [No abstract]

  15. Donner, L. J., J. Warren, and J. Strom, 1995: Implementing microphysics at physically appropriate scales in GCMs. In Workshop on Cloud Microphysics Parameterizations in Global Atmospheric Circulation Models, WCRP-90, WMO/TD-No. 713, 133-139.
    [No abstract]

  16. Ezer, T., G. L. Mellor, and R. J. Greatbatch, 1995: On the interpentadal variability of the North Atlantic Ocean: Model simulated changes in transport, meridional heat flux and coastal sea level between 1955-1959 and 1970-1974. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C6), 10,559-10,566.
    Abstract

  17. Freidenreich, S. M., and V. Ramaswamy, 1995: Stratospheric temperature response to improved solar CO2 and H2O parameterizations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(D8), 16,721-16,725.
    Abstract

  18. Galloway, J. N., W. H. Schlesinger, H. Levy, II, A. Michaels, and J. L. Schnoor, 1995: Nitrogen fixation: anthropogenic enhancement-environmental response. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9(2), 235-252.
    Abstract

  19. Garner, S. T., 1995: Permanent and transient upstream effects in nonlinear stratified flow over a ridge. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52(2), 227-246.
    Abstract

  20. Ginis, I., and G. Sutyrin, 1995: Hurricane-generated depth averaged currents and sea surface elevation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(6) Part I, 1218-1242.
    Abstract

  21. Gleckler, P. J., D. A. Randall, G. Boer, R. Colman, M. Dix, V. Galin, M. Helfand, J. Kiehl, A. Kitoh, W. Lau, X.-Y. Liang, V. Lykossov, B. McAvaney, K. Miyakoda, S. Planton, and W. Stern, 1995: Cloud-radiative effects on implied oceanic energy transports as simulated by atmospheric general circulation models. Geophysical Research Letters, 22(7), 791-794.
    Abstract

  22. Gnanadesikan, A., and R. A. Weller, 1995: Structure and instability of the Ekman spiral in the presence of surface gravity waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(12), 3148-3171.
    Abstract

  23. Gordon, C. T., 1995: Results pertaining to clouds, radiation and equatorial temporal variability from a 40 year GCM integration. In Proceedings of the First International AMIP Scientific Conference, WCRP-92, WMO/TD No. 273, World Meteorological Organization, 407-412.
    [No abstract]

  24. Griffies, S. M., and E. Tziperman, 1995: A linear thermohaline oscillator driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing. Journal of Climate, 8(10), 2440-2453.
    Abstract

  25. Gu, Daifang, and S. G. H. Philander, 1995: Secular changes of annual and interannual variability in the tropics during the past century. Journal of Climate, 8(4), 864-876.
    Abstract

  26. Hamilton, K. P., 1995: Aspects of mesospheric simulation in a comprehensive general circulation model. In The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Review of Experiment and Theory. Geophysical Monograph, 87. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 255-264.
    Abstract

  27. Hamilton, K. P., 1995: Comment on "Global QBO in circulation and ozone. Part I: Reexamination of observational evidence." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52(10), 1834-1838.
    [No abstract]

  28. Hamilton, K. P., 1995: Comprehensive simulation of the middle atmospheric climate: Some recent results. Climate Dynamics, 11, 223-241.
    Abstract

  29. Hamilton, K., 1995: Do historical "zero depth" hydrographic data contain useful information on climate trends? Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS) Bulletin, 23(6), 6-8.
    [No abstract]

  30. Hamilton, K. P., 1995: Interannual variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter middle atmosphere in control and perturbed experiments with the GFDL SKYHI general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52(1), 44-66.
    Abstract

  31. Hamilton, K. P., and R. A. Vincent, 1995: High-resolution radiosonde data offer new prospects for research. EOS, 76(49), 497, 506-507.
    [No abstract]

  32. Hamilton, K. P., R. J. Wilson, J. D. Mahlman, and L. Umscheid, 1995: Climatology of the SKYHI troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52(1), 5-43.
    Abstract

  33. Hayashi, Y., and D. G. Golder, 1995: The generation mechanism of tropical transient waves: Control experiments and a unified theory with moist convective adjustment. In Preprints, Tenth Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Waves and Stability, June 5-9, 1995, Big Sky, MT, American Meteorological Society, 7-8.
    [No abstract]

  34. Held, I. M., R. T. Pierrehumbert, S. T. Garner, and K. L. Swanson, 1995: Surface quasi-geostrophic dynamics. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 282, 1-20.
    Abstract

  35. Jones, P. W., C. L. Kerr, and R. S. Hemler, 1995: Practical considerations in development of a parallel SKYHI general circulation model. Parallel Computing, 21(10), 1677-1694.
    Abstract

  36. Joos, F., and J. L. Sarmiento, 1995: Der anstieg des atmospharischen kohlendioxids, Physikalische Blatter, 51(5), 405-411.

  37. Knutson, T. R., and S. Manabe, 1995: Time-mean response over the tropical Pacific to increased CO2 in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Journal of Climate, 8(9), 2181-2199.
    Abstract

  38. Kurihara, Y., M. A. Bender, and R. E. Tuleya, 1995: Performance evaluation of the GFDL hurricane prediction system in the 1994 hurricane season. In Preprints, 21st Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, April 24-28, 1995, Miami, FL, American Meteorological Society, 41-43.
    [No abstract]

  39. Kurihara, Y., M. A. Bender, R. E. Tuleya, and R. J. Ross, 1995: Improvements in the GFDL Hurricane Prediction System. Monthly Weather Review, 123(9), 2791-2801.
    Abstract

  40. Lampitt, R. S. Rapporteur, E. Fahrbach, B. Schneider, R. R. Schneider, S. V. Smith, J. R. Toggweiler, A. J. Watson, and B. Zeitzschel, 1995: Group report: Does upwelling have a significant influence on the global carbon cycle? In Dahlem Workshop on Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient Records, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 383-404.
    Abstract

  41. Lanzante, J. R., 1995: Analysis of climate data using resistant, robust and nonparametric techniques: Some examples and some applications to the historical radiosonde record. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U. S. Dept. of Commerce/NOAA/NWS, 37-40.
    [No abstract]

  42. Larichev, V. D., and I. M. Held, 1995: Eddy amplitudes and fluxes in a homogenous model of fully developed baroclinic instability. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(10), 2285-2297.
    Abstract

  43. Lau, N.-C., and M. W. Crane, 1995: A satellite view of the synoptic-scale organization of cloud properties in midlatitude and tropical circulation systems. Monthly Weather Review, 123(7), 1984-2006.
    Abstract

  44. Lau, N-C, and M. J. Nath, 1995: A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of the global atmosphere-ocean system. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere [TOGA] Programme, WCRP-91, WMO/TD No. 717, World Meteorological Organization, 578-582.
    [No abstract]

  45. Lawrence, M. G., W. L. Chameides, P. S. Kasibhatla, H. Levy II, and W. Moxim, 1995: Lightning and atmospheric chemistry: the rate of atmospheric NO production. In Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics, Vol. 1, Bonn, Germany: CRC Press, 189-202.
    [No abstract]

  46. Lee, W-J., and M. Mak, 1995: Dynamics of storm tracks: A linear instability perspective. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52(6), 697-723.
    Abstract

  47. Levy, H., II, J. J. Yienger, W. J. Moxim, P. S. Kasibhatla, and W. L. Chameides, 1995: The increase of pollutants (nitrogen oxides and ozone) in the summertime Midwest. In Preparing for Global Change: A Midwestern Perspective, Amsterdam; The Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing, 11-19.
    Abstract

  48. Lindberg, C., and A. J. Broccoli, 1995: Representation of topography in spectral climate models and its effect on simulated precipitation. In Preprints, Seventh Conference on Mountain Meteorology, July 17-21, 1995, Breckenridge, CO, American Meteorological Society, 6-11.
    [No abstract]

  49. Liu, Zhengyu, and S. G. H. Philander, 1995: How different wind stress patterns affect the tropical-subtropical circulations of the upper ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(4), 449-462.
    Abstract

  50. Mahlman, J. D., 1995: Toward a scientific centered climate monitoring system. Climatic Change, (31), 223-230.
    [No abstract]

  51. Manabe, S., and R. J. Stouffer, 1995: Simulation of abrupt climate change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature, 378, 165-167.
    Abstract

  52. Manabe, S., R. J. Stouffer, and M. J. Spelman, 1995: Interaction between polar climate and global warming. In Fourth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, Dallas, TX, 15 January 1995. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, (J9)1-9.
    [No abstract]

  53. Mechoso, C. R., A. W. Robertson, N. Barth, M. K. Davey, P. Delecluse, P. R. Gent, S. Ineson, B. Kirtman, M. Latif, H. Le Treut, T. Nagal, J. D. Neelin, S. G. H. Philander, J. Polcher, P. S. Schopf, T. Stockdale, M. J. Suarez, L. Terray, O. Thual, and J. J. Tribbia, 1995: The seasonal cycle over the tropical pacific in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. Monthly Weather Review, 123(9), 2825-2838.
    Abstract

  54. Mehta, V. M., and T. Delworth, 1995: Decadal variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean surface temperature in shipboard measurements and in a global ocean-atmosphere model. Journal of Climate, 8(2),172-190.
    Abstract

  55. Mellor, G. L., and T. Ezer, 1995: Sea level variations induced by heating and cooling: An evaluation of the Boussinesq approximation in ocean models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C10), 20,565-20,577.
    Abstract

  56. Miyakoda, K., J. Sirutis, A. Rosati, T. C. Gordon, R. Gudgel, W. F. Stern, J. Anderson, and A. Navarra, 1995: Atmospheric parameterizations in coupled air-sea models used for forecasts of ENSO. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme, WCRP-91, WMO/TD No. 717, World Meteorological Organization, 802-806.
    Abstract

  57. Moody, J. L., S. J. Oltmans, H. Levy II, and J. T. Merrill, 1995: Transport climatology of tropospheric ozone: Bermuda, 1988-1991. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(D4), 7179-7194.
    Abstract

  58. Oey, L-Y., 1995: Eddy- and wind-forced shelf circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C5), 8621-8637.
    Abstract

  59. Oort, A. H., and J. J. Yienger, 1995: Observed long-term variability in the Hadley circulation. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U. S. Dept. of Commerce/NOAA/NWS, 26-29.
    [No abstract]

  60. Orlanski, I., and J. P. Sheldon, 1995: Stages in the energetics of baroclinic systems. Tellus, 47A(5:1), 605-628.
    Abstract

  61. Philander, S. G. H., 1995: Commentary on the paper of Cane et al. In Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 456.
    [No abstract]

  62. Philander, S. G. H., 1995: Comments on "Global Climate Change and Tropical Cyclones" by J. Lighthill, et al. [1994]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 76 (3), 380.
    [No abstract]

  63. Pinardi, N., A. Rosati, and R. C. Pacanowski, 1995: The sea surface pressure formulation of rigid lid models. Implications for altimetric data assimilation studies. Journal of Marine Systems, 6, 109-119.
    Abstract

  64. Prospero, J. M., R. Schmitt, E. Cuevas, D. L. Savoie, W. C. Graustein, K. K. Turekian, A. Volz-Thomas, A. Diaz, S. J. Oltmans, and H. Levy II, 1995: Temporal variability of summer-time ozone and aerosols in the free troposphere over the eastern North Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters, 22(21), 2925-2928.
    Abstract

  65. Ramaswamy, V., R. J. Charlson, J. A. Coakley, J. L. Gras, Harshvardhan, G. Kukla, M. P. McCormick, D. Moller, E. Roeckner, L. L. Stowe, and J. Taylor, 1995: Group report: what are the observed and anticipated meteorological and climatic responses to aerosol forcing? In Aerosol Forcing of Climate, Vol. 20. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 386-399.
    [No abstract]

  66. Rosati, A., R. Gudgel, and K. Miyakoda, 1995: Decadal analysis produced from an ocean data assimilation system. Monthly Weather Review, 123(7), 2206-2228.
    Abstract

  67. Ross, R. J., and Y. Kurihara, 1995: A numerical study on influences of Hurricane Gloria (1985) on the environment. Monthly Weather Review, 123(2), 332-346.
    Abstract

  68. Santer, B. D., K. E. Taylor, T. M. L. Wigley, P. D. Jones, D. J. Karoly, J. F. B. Mitchell, A. H. Oort, J. E. Penner, V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, R. J. Stouffer, and S. Tett, 1995: A Search for Human Influences on the Thermal Structure of the Atmosphere. Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, PCMDI Report No. 27, UCRL-ID-121956, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 26 pp.
    Abstract

  69. Sarmiento, J. L., C. Le Quéré, and S. W. Pacala, 1995: Limiting future atmospheric carbon dioxide. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9(1), 121-137.
    Abstract

  70. Shaffer, G., and J. L. Sarmiento, 1995: Biogeochemical cycling in the global ocean. 1. A new, analytical model with continuous vertical resolution and high-latitude dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C2), 2659-2672.
    Abstract

  71. Schwab, D. J., W. P. O'Connor, and G. L. Mellor, 1995: On the net cyclonic circulation in large stratified lakes. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(6), 1516-1567.
    Abstract

  72. Shine, K. P., B. P. Briegleb, A. S. Grossman, D. Hauglustaine, H. Mao, V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, R. Van Dorland, and W-C. Wang, 1995: Radiative forcing due to changes in ozone: A comparison of different codes. In Atmospheric Ozone as a Climate Gas, NATO ASI Series I, Vol. 32, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 373-396.
    Abstract

  73. Shine, K. P., Y. Fouquart, V. Ramaswamy, S. Solomon, and J. Srinivasan, 1995: Radiative Forcing. In Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 163-203.
    [No abstract]

  74. Shine, K. P., K. Labitzke, V. Ramaswamy, P. C. Simon, S. Solomon, amd W-C. Wang, 1995: Radiative forcing and temperature trends. In Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1994, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 37, World Meteorological Organization, 8.1-8.26.
    [No abstract]

  75. Soden, B. J., and R. Fu, 1995: A satellite analysis of deep convection, upper-tropospheric humidity, and the greenhouse effect. Journal of Climate, 8(10), 2333-2351.
    Abstract

  76. Stern, W., 1995: Tropical intraseasonal variability in the GFDL/DERF GCM during AMIP. In Proceedings of the First International AMIP Scientific Conference, WCRP-92, WMO/TD No. 273, World Meteorological Organization, 137-142.
    [No abstract]

  77. Stern, W., and K. Miyakoda, 1995: Feasibility of seasonal forecasts inferred from multiple GCM simulations. Journal of Climate, 8(5), 1071-1085.
    Abstract

  78. Stern, W., and K. Miyakoda, 1995: Interannual variability and reproducibility from multiple GCM simulations. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U. S. Dept. of Commerce/NOAA/NWS, 92-95.
    [No abstract]

  79. Sun, D-Z., and A. H. Oort, 1995: Humidity-temperature relationships in the tropical troposphere. Journal of Climate, 8(8), 1974-1987.
    Abstract

  80. Suntharalingam, P., and J. L. Sarmiento, 1995: Modeling global air-sea N2O fluxes - A sensitivity analysis of the gas-exchange formulation. In Air-Water Gas Transfer, Selected papers from the Third International Symposium on Air-Water Gas Transfer, July 24-27, 1995, Heidelberg University. Hanau, Germany: AEON Verlag & Studio, 843-853.
    Abstract

  81. Toggweiler, J. R., 1995: Anthropogenic CO2: The natural carbon cycle reclaims center stage. Reviews of Geophysics, Supplement, 1249-1252.
    [No abstract]

  82. Toggweiler, J. R., and S. Carson, 1995: What are upwelling systems contributing to the ocean's carbon and nutrient budgets? In Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient Records, John Wiley & Sons, 337-360.
    Abstract

  83. Toggweiler, J. R., and B. Samuels, 1995: Effect of Drake Passage on the global thermohaline circulation. Deep-Sea Research I, 42(4), 477-500.
    Abstract

  84. Toggweiler, J. R., and B. Samuels, 1995: Effect of sea ice on the salinity of Antarctic bottom waters. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(9), 1980-1997.
    Abstract

  85. Wetherald, R. T., and S. Manabe, 1995: The mechanisms of summer dryness induced by greenhouse warming. Journal of Climate, 8(12), 3096-3108.
    Abstract

  86. Wetherald, R. T., and B. Soden, 1995: General simulation of atmospheric temperature and moisture in the GFDL AMIP Experiment. In Proceedings of the First International AMIP Scientific Conference, WCRP-92, WMO/TD No. 732, World Meteorological Organization, 97-100.
    [No abstract]

  87. Wu, C-C, and K. A. Emanuel, 1995: Potential vorticity diagnostics of hurricane movement. Part I: A case study of Hurricane Bob (1991). Monthly Weather Review, 123(1), 69-92.
    Abstract

  88. Wu, C-C, and K. A. Emanuel, 1995: Potential vorticity diagnostics of hurricane movement. Part II: Tropical Storm Ana (1991) and Hurricane Andrew (1992). Monthly Weather Review, 123(1), 93-109.
    Abstract

  89. Yienger, J. J., and H. Levy II, 1995: Empirical model of global soil-biogenic NOx emissions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(D6), 11,447-11,464.
    Abstract

  90. Zavatarelli, M., and G. L. Mellor, 1995: A numerical study of the Mediterranean Sea circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25(6) Part II, 1384-1414.
    Abstract