Published: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: Vol. 79, No. 12, pp. 2693-2714.
Connie A. Woodhouse
NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, NGDC, Boulder, Colorado; INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
Jonathan T. Overpeck
NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, NGDC, Boulder, Colorado; INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Department of
Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
Droughts are one of the most devastating natural hazards faced by the United States today. Severe droughts of the twentieth century have had large impacts on economies, society, and the environment, especially in the Great Plains. However, the instrumental record of the last 100 years contains only a limited subset of drought realizations. One must turn to the paleoclimatic record to examine the full range of past drought variability, including the range of magnitude and duration, and thus gain the improved understanding needed for society to anticipate and plan for droughts of the future. Historical documents, tree rings, archaeological remains, lake sediment, and geomorphic data make it clear that the droughts of the twentieth century, including those of the 1930s and 1950s, were eclipsed several times by droughts earlier in the last 2000 years, and as recently as the late sixteenth century. In general, some droughts prior to 1600 appear to be characterized by longer duration (i.e., multidecadal) and greater spatial extent than those of the twentieth century. The authors' assessment of the full range of past natural drought variability, deduced from a comprehensive review of the paleoclimatic literature, suggests that droughts more severe than those of the 1930s and 1950s are likely to occur in the future, a likelihood that might be exacerbated by greenhouse warming in the next century. Persistence conditions that lead to decadal-scale drought may be related to low-frequency variations, or base-state shifts, in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, although more research is needed to understand the mechanisms of severe drought.
Click here to view the full study (in PDF format), originally published by the American Meteorological Society. It was published in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (ISSN 1520-0477), Vol. 79, No. 12. 1998.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
99 July 16