September 15, 1998| September 15, 1998 |
NATIONAL SURVEY OF SPEEDING
AND OTHER UNSAFE DRIVING ACTIONS
VOLUME II: DRIVER ATTITUDES & BEHAVIOR
Conducted for the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
U.S. Department of Transportation
Conducted by:
Schulman, Ronca, & Bucuvalas, Inc.
145 E. 32nd Street, 5th Floor
New York, New York 10016
September 15, 1998
|
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Primary Road Traveled Characteristics
Recent Changes in Driving Behavior
Importance of Factors in Selecting Driving Speed
Current Speed Limits -- Too High, Too Low, About Right?
Effect of Changing the Speed Limits
Summary
Unsafe and Aggressive Driving by Road Type
Summary
Experience with Unsafe Driving Behavior
Experience with Speeding Drivers
Experience with an Alcohol-Impaired Driver
Summary
Past Year Unsafe Driving
Perceived Risk and Risk-Taking Behavior
Unsafe Drivers
Summary
Enforcement of Speeding Laws
Police Presence and Tolerance for Offenders
Speeding and Police Action
Frequency of Enforcement by Violation
Reporting School Bus Violations
Summary
Personal Enforcement Experience
Summary
Crash Experience
Summary
Driver Concerns About Speeding and Unsafe Driving on Self and Family
Summary
FIGURES AND TABLES
Tables
Table 1-1. Unweighted Size of Sample Components
Figures
Figure 2-1. Drive Adults or Children At Least a Few Days per Week by Gender and Age
Figure 2-2. Vehicle Most Often Driven by Gender
Figure 2-3. Model Year of Vehicle Most Often Driven
Figure 2-4. Have a Radar Detector by Gender, Age and Education
Figure 2-5. Type of Road Driven Most Often by Education
Figure 2-6. Types of Road Driven On at Least Weekly
Figure 2-7. Drive on Roads with Speed Limits of 40 to 55 MPH by Community Type
Tables
Table 2-1. Frequency of Driving Almost Everyday and a Few Days a Week by Various Demographic Groups
Figures
Figure 3-1. Rating of Driving Behaviors
Figure 3-2. Speed Compared to a Year Ago
Figure 3-3. Driving More Dangerous or Safer Compared to Last Year by Gender
Figure 3-4. Driving in Your Area Compared to a Year Ago
Figure 3-5. Driving in Your Area Compared to a Year Ago by NHTSA Region
Tables
Table 3-1. Driving Behaviors
Table 3-2. Mean Rating of Safety of Selected Driving Behaviors
Table 3-2a. Mean Rating of Safety of Selected Driving Behaviors, continued
Table 3-3. Why Drive Faster
Table 3-4. Why Drive Slower
Table 3-5. Why Driving is More Dangerous by Race and Ethnicity
Table 3-6. Why Driving is Safer
Table 3-7. Reasons for Increased Aggressive Driving in Your Area
Figures
Figure 4-1. Tendency to Pass or Be Passed by Age
Figure 4-2. Driving in Heavy Traffic by Age
Figure 4-3. Enjoy the Feeling of Speed by Gender and Age
Figure 4-4. The Faster I Drive The More Alert I Am by I Enjoy the Feeling of Speed
Figure 4-5. Get Impatient with Slower Drivers by Gender and Age
Figure 4-6. I Try to Get Where I Am Going As Fast As I Can by Gender and Age
Figure 4-7. Worry A Lot About Having A Crash by Gender and Age
Figure 4-8. Drivers' Estimate of the Percent of Fatal Crashes that Involve Speeding
Tables
Table 4-1. Importance of Various Factors in Selecting Driving Speed by Gender
Table 4-2. Maximum Safe Speed for Various Road Types
Table 4-3. Why Driving at Speeds Greater than the Maximum Safe Speed is Unsafe by Road Type
Figures
Figure 5-1. Speed Limits Increased on Interstates Driven by Gender and Community
Figure 5-2. Effect of Increased Limits on Safety by Gender
Figure 5-3. Uniform or Variable Speed Limits for Interstates by Gender
Figure 5-4. Uniform Speed Limit on Interstates
Tables
Table 5-1. Opinion of Speed Limits on Various Road Types by Gender
Table 5-2. Effect of a 10 MPH Increase in the Posted Speed Limits on Driving Speed by Road Type
Table 5-3. Effect of a 10 MPH Increase in the Posted Speed Limits on Safety by Road Type
Table 5-4. Effect of a 10 MPH Increase in the Posted Speed Limits on Driving Comfort by Road Type
Table 5-5. Effect of 10 MPH Increase in the Posted Speed Limits: Safety vs. Comfort
Table 5-6. How Higher Limits Have Effected the Number of Speeders by Gender
Figures
Figure 6-1. Unsafe Speeds by Road Type
Figure 6-2. Personal Speeding by Road Type
Figure 6-3. When Drive at an Unsafe Speed
Figure 6-4. Likelihood of a Crash
Figure 6-5. How Many MPH Over Limit Before Ticket
Figure 6-6. Most Recent Time Exceeded Ticketing Speed
Figure 6-7. How Often See Unsafe Driving by Road Type
Figure 6-8. Unsafe Drivers who are Also Speeding by Road Type
Figure 6-9. How Often See Most Dangerous Unsafe Driving by Road Type
Figure 6-10. See Unsafe Drivers who are Also Speeding by Road Type
Tables
Table 6-1. Reasons for Exceeding the Safe Speed by Road Type
Table 6-2. Reasons for Exceeding the Safe Speed by Gender and Age
Table 6-3. Reasons for Exceeding the Ticketing Speed by Road Type
Table 6-4. Types of Unsafe Driving Usually Encountered by Road Type
Table 6-5. Most Often Encountered Types of Unsafe Driving Behavior by Road Type
Table 6-6. Most Dangerous Type of Unsafe Driving Behaviors Encountered by Road Types
Figures
Figure 7-1. Ridden with an Unsafe Driver in the Past Year by Age
Figure 7-2. Gender of Unsafe Driver
Figure 7-3. Intervention with Unsafe Driver
Figure 7-4. Driven at an Unsafe Speed in the Past Year by Age
Figure 7-5. Gender of Person Driving at an Unsafe Speed
Figure 7-6. Other Unsafe Driving Actions
Figure 7-7. Intervention with Persons Driving at an Unsafe Speed
Figure 7-8. Driven with an Alcohol-Impaired Driver by Age
Figure 7-9. Perceived Effect of Alcohol on Driver
Tables
Table 7-1. Relationship to Unsafe Driver by Gender of Unsafe Driver
Table 7-2. Unsafe Driving Behavior by Gender of Unsafe Driver
Table 7-3. Relationship to Speeding Driver by Gender of Speeding Driver
Figures
Figure 8-1. Frequency of Driving Behaviors
Figure 8-2. Past Year Speeding by Gender
Figure 8-3. Unsafe Driving by Gender
Figure 8-4. Unsafe Driving Score by Age
Figure 8-5. Average Unsafe Driving by NHTSA Region
Tables
Table 8-1. Prevalence of Unsafe Driving Behaviors in the Past Year by Most Recent Occurrence
Table 8-2. Speeding in the Past Year by Age
Table 8-3. Unsafe Driving Behavior in the Past Year by Age.
Table 8-4. Correlations Between the Perceived Safety of Selected Driving Behaviors and the Reported Frequency of those Behaviors by Drivers in the Past Year
Figures
Figure 9-1. Amount of Police Enforcement by Road Type
Figure 9-2. Too Little Police Enforcement on Various Road Types by Residential Area
Figure 9-3. Too Little Police Enforcement on Various Road Types by of Enjoy Feeling of Speed
Figure 9-4. Frequency See Police When Driving by Type of Road Usually Driven
Figure 9-5. How Many MPH Over Limit Before Ticket by Frequency See Police
Figure 9-6. Frequency Police Should Ticket Drivers Going 10 MPH/20MPH Over Limit
Figure 9-7. Always/Most of Time Feel Police Should Ticket Speeders by Traffic Citations in Past 5 Years
Figure 9-8. Always/Most of Time Feel Police Should Ticket Speeders by Those Who Enjoy Feeling of Speed
Figure 9-9. Too Little Police Enforcement for Various Traffic Laws
Figure 9-10. Frequency of Ticketing of Unsafe Driving Behavior
Figure 9-11. Likelihood to Report Vehicle Passing Stopped Bus and Means of Reporting
Figure 9-12. Reason Unlikely to Report Vehicle That Passed Stopped School Bus
Figures
Figure 10-1. Stopped by Police for a Traffic-related Reason in Past Year
Figure 10-2. Average Times Stopped by Police in Past Year by Age
Figure 10-3. Reason Stopped by Police
Figure 10-4. Outcome of Police Stop
Figure 10-5. Speeding Ticket in Past 5 Years
Figure 10-6. Warning for Speeding in Past 5 Years by Age
Figure 10-7. Other Moving Violations in Past 5 Years by Age
Figure 10-8. Convicted of DWI/DUI in Past 5 Years by Age
Figure 10-9. Insurance Canceled/Premiums From Claims or Points in Past 5 Years by Age
Figure 10-10. Stopped by Police in Past Year by How Often Exceed Safe Speed
Figure 10-11. Stopped by Police in Past year by Unsafe Driving Score
Tables
Table 10-1. Received a Ticket or a Warning for Speeding in Past 5 Years by How Often Exceed Safe Speed
Figures
Figure 11-1. Vehicle Crashes in Past 5 Years by Age
Figure 11-2. Number of Crashes Past 5 Years
Figure 11-3. Vehicle Crash in Past 5 Years by Age
Figure 11-4. Injuries in Most Recent Crash Among Those Who Were in Crash
Figure 11-5. Crash and Injury Experience in Most Recent Crash in Past for All Drivers
Figure 11-6. Speeding Cited in Most Recent Crash
Figure 11-7. Unsafe Driving a Factor in Crash
Figure 11-8. Who Was the Unsafe Driver in the Crash
Figures
Figure 12-1. Opinion that Unsafe Driving by Other is Threat to Self and Family
Figure 12-2. Speeding by Others is Threat to Self and Family
Figure 12-3. Experiencing Unsafe Driving as Threat to Self or Family
Figure 12-4. Response to Most Recent Threat
Figure 12-5. How Important is it to Do Something About Unsafe Driving
Figure 12-6. How Important is it to Do Something Reduce Speeding
Figure 12-7. Relative Risk of Driving Behavior
Figure 12-8. Role of Alcohol in Crashes
Tables
Table 12-1. How Often in the Past Year the Behavior of Another Driver was Personal Threat
Table 12-2. Most Recent Time the Behavior of Another Driver was a Personal Threat
Table 12-3. Treating Behaviors by Other Drivers by Type of Place