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Current Bibliographies in Medicine 99-1Multicultural Aspects of Breast Cancer EtiologyJanuary 1993 through December 1998, plus selected earlier citations 1430 Citations Prepared by 1999 March U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Library of
Medicine
Each bibliography in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function. Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online databases. NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE®, AVLINE®, BIOETHICSLINE®, CANCERLIT®, CATLINE®, HEALTHSTARtm, POPLINEtm, and TOXLINE®. The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format, ownership, or location of the material is not considered. Other publications in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine series are available at no cost to anyone with Internet access through the Library's World Wide Web site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/resources.html. 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Return to title page | Return to table of contentsTable of ContentsSeries NoteIntroductionSample CitationsBibliography:Special Studies and ReportsUnited StatesInternational Studies/Countries of Ancestral OriginRacial, Ethnic, and Cultural Differences in Breast Cancer IncidenceGeneral/OverviewAfrican AmericansAmerican Indians/Alaska NativesAsiansHispanicsNative Hawaiians/Other Pacific IslandersOther Special PopulationsAgedAshkenazi JewsMalesSocioeconomically DisadvantagedOtherRacial, Ethnic, and Cultural Differences in Breast Cancer Risk FactorsGeneral/OverviewBiological FactorsAgingBenign Breast DiseaseBody CharacteristicsDiet/NutritionGeneticsHormonal InfluencesReproductionPhysical ActivityOtherEnvironmental ExposureBehavioral/Sociological/Psychological FactorsAttitude to Health, Cultural Influences, EducationRural LocationSocioeconomic StatusSubstance Abuse (smoking, alcohol, drugs)OtherBreast Cancer Screening and Early DetectionGeneral/OverviewAccess to Health CareCultural Influences and Attitudes About PreventionRacial, Ethnic, and Cultural GroupsAfrican AmericansAmerican Indians/Alaska NativesAsiansHispanicsNative Hawaiians/Other Pacific IslandersOther Special PopulationsAgedAshkenazi JewsRural PopulationsSocioeconomically DisadvantagedOtherMortality/Survival IssuesRacial, Ethnic, and Cultural Differences in Mortality and SurvivalGeneral/OverviewAfrican AmericansAmerican Indians/Alaska NativesAsiansHispanicsNative Hawaiians/Other Pacific IslandersOther Special PopulationsAge GroupsRural PopulationsSocioeconomically DisadvantagedBiological Factors in Survival/Mortality RatesTumor BiologyTumor StageOtherTreatmentReturn to title pageMulticultural Aspects of Breast Cancer Etiology There are consistent, well-documented differences in breast cancer incidence and mortality among racial/ethnic groups in the United States that may have significant implications for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. For example, white women have the highest overall incidence of breast cancer, followed by Native Hawaiian, African American, Asian, Hispanic, and American Indian women. However, among women under age 45, African American women have a higher incidence of breast cancer than white women. Mortality and survival rates also vary widely among racial/ethnic groups. For example, the mortality rate is higher for African American women followed by white and Native American women. Lower mortality rates are observed among Asians and Alaskan Natives. African American women also have a significantly lower 5-year survival rate than white women. The study of multicultural aspects of breast cancer etiology is important in identifying factors that may contribute to the variation in breast cancer morbidity in certain racial/ethnic populations, thus making such information available for prevention efforts, and in identifying steps that could be taken to improve survival rates for patients in groups with high mortality rates. This bibliography is one of three documents prepared in support of the Workshop on Multicultural Aspects of Breast Cancer Etiology, convened by the National Action Plan on Breast Cancer's Etiology Working Group on March 17 through 19, 1999 in Washington, D.C. The workshop brought together individuals from varied disciplines, including members of the breast cancer research and minority health advocacy communities, to examine the current state of knowledge concerning multicultural aspects of breast cancer etiology, to explore limitations of and gaps in current research activities, and to identify and prioritize future research directions. References in this bibliography provide background for the key topics of the workshop and other areas of interest. In addition to exploring the workshop's presentation topics, the bibliography contains related subjects in special populations: the screening and early detection of breast cancer and the mortality and survival issues of multicultural populations. Publications of general interest on selected topic areas, studies on breast cancer from countries of ancestral origin of multicultural populations, and selected international studies are also included. The bibliography covers journal articles, books, book chapters, conference proceedings, meeting abstracts, technical reports, and dissertations, ranging primarily from January 1993 through December 1998. Seminal and other selected works in English within the previous ten years were also included. Citations are primarily listed under the one most appropriate category. For example, an article on screening for breast cancer which emphasizes older Hispanic women would be listed under "Aged." Some publications, however, have been indexed to more than one category because of their comprehensive nature. References within each subject category are presented alphabetically by author. Any reproductions of this bibliography, in whole or in part, must
include all credits. If you wish to cite this bibliography, the correct
format is: Citations are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus ®. Sample journal and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the original language. In both cases the language of publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the citation. Journal Article: Example: Order, with separating punctuation: Monograph: Example: Order, with separating punctuation: For details of the formats used for references, see the following
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Ann Intern Med 1996 May 15;124(10):897-905. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1996 Dec 1;125(11):941-2. Robbins AS, Brescianini S, Kelsey JL. Regional differences in known risk factors and the higher incidence of breast cancer in San Francisco. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997 Jul 2;89(13):960-5. Walker AR, Walker BF, Segal I. Cancer patterns in three African populations compared with the United States black population. Eur J Cancer Prev 1993 Jul;2(4):313-20. Walker Jr B, Figgs LW, Zahm SH. Differences in cancer incidence, mortality, and survival between African Americans and whites. Environ Health Perspect 1995;103 Suppl 8:275-81. Weiss HA, Brinton LA, Brogan D, Coates RJ, Gammon MD, Malone KE, Schoenberg JB, Swanson CA. Epidemiology of in situ and invasive breast cancer in women aged under 45. Br J Cancer 1996 May;73(10):1298-305. Weiss HA, Devesa SS, Brinton LA. Laterality of breast cancer in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 1996 Sep;7(5):539-43. Weiss HL, Soong S-J, Partridge EE, Carpenter J, Bryant B, Waterbor JW. Cancer incidence among predominantly black, rural-poor populations in southern states. South Med J 1997;90(10):986-92. Weiss SE, Tartter PI, Ahmed S, Brower ST, Brusco C, Bossolt K, Amberson JB, Bratton J. Ethnic differences in risk and prognostic factors for breast cancer. Cancer 1995 Jul 15;76(2):268-74. Wells BL, Horm JW. Stage at diagnosis in breast cancer: Race and socioeconomic factors. Am J Public Health 1992;82(10):1383-5. Weston A, Godbold JH. Polymorphisms of H-ras-1 and p53 in breast cancer and lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect 1997 Jun;105 Suppl 4:919-26. Weston A, Pan C-F, Bleiweiss IJ, Ksieski HB, Roy N, Maloney N, Wolff MS. CYP17 genotype and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 1998;7(10):941-4. Weston A, Pan C-F, Ksieski HB, Wallenstein S, Berkowitz GS, Tartter PI, Bleiweiss IJ, Brower ST, Senie RT, Wolff MS. P53 haplotype determination in breast cancer [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1997;38:A3060. Weston A, Pan CF, Ksieski HB, Wallenstein S, Berkowitz GS, Tartter PI, Bleiweiss IJ, Brower ST, Senie RT, Wolff MS. p53 haplotype determination in breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997 Feb;6(2):105-12. Williams R, Laing AE, Demenais F, Kissling G, Gause BL, Chen V, Bonney G. Descriptive analysis of breast cancer in African-American women at Howard University Hospital, 1960-1987. J Natl Med Assoc 1993 Nov;85(11):828-34. Woods MN, Barnett JB, Spiegelman D, Trail N, Hertzmark E, Longcope C, Gorbach SL. Hormone levels during dietary changes in premenopausal African-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88(19):1369-74. Wu LY, Semenya KA, Hardy RE, Hargreaves MK, Robinson SB, Pederson L, Sung JF, Haynes MA. Cancer rate differentials between blacks and whites in three metropolitan areas: a 10-year comparison. J Natl Med Assoc 1998 Jul;90(7):410-6. Zang EA, Barrett NO, Cohen LA. Differences in nutritional risk factors for breast cancer among New York City white, Hispanic, and black college students. Ethn Dis 1994 Winter;4(1):28-40. Zheng T, Holford TR, Chen Y, Jones BA, Flannery J, Boyle P. Time trend of female breast carcinoma in situ by race and histology in Connecticut, USA. Eur J Cancer 1997 Jan;33(1):96-100. Zhu K. Breast cancer and risk factors Among African-American women aged 20-54: a case-control study according to estrogen receptor. Annual report 1 Sep 96-31 Aug 97. Nashville (TN): Meharry Medical College; 1997 Sep. 89 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-96-1-6270. Zhu K, Weiss NS, Schwartz SM, Daling JR. Assessing the relationship between marital status and cancer incidence: methodologic considerations. Cancer Causes Control 1994 Jan;5(1):83-7. Return to table of contentsAmerican Indians/Alaska NativesBleed DM, Risser DR, Sperry S, Hellhake D, Helgerson SD. Cancer incidence and survival among American Indians registered for Indian Health Service care in Montana, 1982-1987. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992;84(19):1500-5. Bowerman RJ. Alaska Native cancer epidemiology in the Arctic. Public Health 1998 Jan;112(1):7-13. Eidson M, Becker TM, Wiggins CL, Key CR, Samet JM. Breast cancer among Hispanics, American Indians and non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico. Int J Epidemiol 1994 Apr;23(2):231-7. Gaudette LA, Gao RN, Freitag S, Wideman M. Cancer incidence by ethnic group in the Northwest Territories (NWT) 1969-1988. Health Rep 1993;5(1):23-32. (Eng, Fre). Lanier AP, Bulkow LR, Ireland B. Cancer in Alaskan Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts, 1969-83: implications for etiology and control. Public Health Rep 1989 Nov-Dec;104(6):658-64. Lanier AP, Kelly JJ, Smith B, Harpster AP, Tanttila H, Amadon C, Beckworth D, Key C, Davidson AM. Alaska Native cancer update: incidence rates 1989-1993. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996 Sep;5(9):749-51. Marrett LD, Sloan M, Hunter G, Toogood P. Incidence of cancer in registered indians in Ontario, Canada, 1966 to 1991 [abstract]. Paper presented at: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Conference; 1995 Apr 17-20; San Francisco. Norsted TL, White E. Cancer incidence among native Americans of western Washington. Int J Epidemiol 1989 Mar;18(1):22-7. Nutting PA, Calonge BN, Iverson DC, Green LA. The danger of applying uniform clinical policies across populations: the case of breast cancer in American Indians. Am J Public Health 1994 Oct;84(10):1631-6. Nutting PA, Freeman WL, Risser DR, Helgerson SD, Paisano R, Hisnanick J, Beaver SK, Peters I, Carney JP, Speers MA. Cancer incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1980 through 1987. Am J Public Health 1993 Nov;83(11):1589-98. Welty TK. Health implications of obesity in American Indians and Alaska natives. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53(6 Suppl):1616S-1620S. Zhao H, Zhang G. Haptoglobin groups and cirrhosis of the liver. Hum Hered 1993 Mar-Apr;43(2):134-6. Return to table of contentsAsiansAdlercreutz H, Gorbach SL, Goldin BR, Woods MN, Dwyer JT, Hamalainen E. Estrogen metabolism and excretion in Oriental and Caucasian women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Jul 20;86(14):1076-82. Published erratum appears in J Natl Cancer Inst 1995 Jan 18;87(2):147. Comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Nov 2;86(21):1643-5. Ahn YO, Park BJ, Yoo KY, Lee MS, Kim H, Noh DY, Park TS. Incidence estimation of female breast cancer among Koreans. J Korean Med Sci 1994 Aug;9(4):328-34. Akiyama F, Iwase T, Yoshimoto M, Kasumi F, Sakamoto G. Incidence of latent breast cancer in Japanese women. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1995;121(9-10):564-6. Alagaratnam T. The presentation of breast cancer in an Oriental community. Aust N Z J Surg 1995 Sep;65(9):634-6. Anh PT, Parkin DM, Hanh NT, Duc NB. Cancer in the population of Hanoi, Vietnam, 1988-1990. Br J Cancer 1993 Dec;68(6):1236-42. 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Stanford JL, Herrinton LJ, Schwartz SM, Weiss NS. Breast cancer incidence in Asian migrants to the United States and their descendants. Epidemiology 1995 Mar;6(2):181-3. Stemmermann GN. The pathology of breast cancer in Japanese women compared to other ethnic groups: a review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1991 May;18 Suppl 1:S67-72. Tominaga S, Kuroishi T. Epidemiology of breast cancer in Japan. Cancer Lett 1995 Mar 23;90(1):75-9. Wang JX, Li B-X, Gao Z-W, Xu J, Zhang J-Y, Aoyama T, Sugahara T. Epidemiological findings and requirement for dose reconstruction among medical diagnostic X ray workers in China. Radiat Prot Dosim 1998;77(1-2):119-22. Weston A, Godbold JH. Polymorphisms of H-ras-1 and p53 in breast cancer and lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect 1997 Jun;105 Suppl 4:919-26. Willett WC. Fat, energy and breast cancer. J Nutr 1997;127(5 Suppl):921S-923S. Woods MN. Effect of a soy dietary supplement on menopausal symptoms and hormones in women at high risk of breast cancer. Annual report. 30 Sep 94-29 Sep 95. Boston: Tufts Univ. School of Medicine; 1995 Oct. 168 p. available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-C-4120. Wu AH, Pike MC. Dietary soy protein and hormonal status in females [letter]. Am J Clin Nutr 1995 Jul;62(1):151-3. Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr 1994 Sep;60(3):333-40. Wu AH, Ziegler RG, Horn-Ross PL, Nomura AM, West DW, Kolonel LN, Rosenthal JF, Hoover RN, Pike MC. Tofu and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996 Nov;5(11):901-6. Wu AH, Ziegler RG, Pike MC, Nomura AMY, West DW, Kolonel LN, Horn-Ross PL, Rosenthal JF, Hoover RN. Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer in Asian-Americans. Br J Cancer 1996 Mar;73(5):680-6. Yamashita J-I, Ogawa M, Inada K, Yamashita S-I, Nakashima Y, Saishoji T, Nomura K, Sera Y. Carcinoma of the breast in a 6-year-old girl: A review of the Japanese literature. Pediatr Surg Int 1993;8(5):423-6. Yang PS, Yang TL, Liu CL, Wu CW, Shen CY. A case-control study of breast cancer in Taiwan--a low-incidence area. Br J Cancer 1997;75(5):752-6. Yip CH, Ng EH. Breast cancer -- a comparative study between Malaysian and Singaporean women. Singapore Med J 1996 Jun;37(3):264-7. Yokota K, Sagehashi N, Hamajima A. [A breast carcinoma recurrence ten and a half years after a mastectomy and breast reconstruction: A case report]. Jpn J Plastic Reconstr Surg 1996;39(7):739-43. (Jpn). Yoo K-Y, Tajima K, Miura S, Takeuchi T, Hirose K, Risch H, Dubrow R. Breast cancer risk factors according to combined estrogen and progesterone receptor status: A case-control analysis. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146(4):307-14. Yoo KY, Tajima K, Miura S, Yoshida M, Murai H, Kuroishi T, Lee Y, Risch H, Dubrow R. A hospital-based case-control study of breast-cancer risk factors by estrogen and progesterone receptor status. Cancer Causes Control 1993 Jan;4(1):39-44. Yu B. P53 mutation profiles in premenopausal versus postmenopausal breast cancer in a stationary population. Annual report. 1 Sep 96-31 Aug 97. La Jolla (CA): Salk Institute for Biological Studies; 1997 Aug. 16 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4357. Yuan JM, Wang QS, Ross RK, Henderson BE, Yu MC. Diet and breast cancer in Shanghai and Tianjin, China. Br J Cancer 1995 Jun;71(6):1353-8. Yuan JM, Yu MC, Ross RK, Gao YT, Henderson BE. Risk factors for breast cancer in Chinese women in Shanghai. Cancer Res 1988 Apr 1;48(7):1949-53. Zheng W, Shu XO, McLaughlin JK, Chow WH, Gao YT, Blot WJ. Occupational physical activity and the incidence of cancer of the breast, corpus uteri, and ovary in Shanghai. Cancer 1993 Jun 1;71(11):3620-4. Ziegler R, Hoover R, Nomura A, West D, Wu A, Pike M. Weight change, relative weight, height, and breast cancer risk in asian-american women [abstract]. FASEB J 1995;9(3):A579. Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Nomura AM, West DW, Wu AH, Pike MC, Lake AJ, Horn-Ross PL, Kolonel LN, Siiteri PK, Fraumeni JF Jr. Relative weight, weight change, height, and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996 May 15;88(10):650-60. Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Pike MC, Hildesheim A, Nomura AM, West DW, Wu-Williams AH, Kolonel LN, Horn-Ross PL, Rosenthal JF, et al. Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993 Nov 17;85(22):1819-27. Return to table of contentsHispanicsBondy ML, Spitz MR, Halabi S, Fueger JJ, Vogel VG. Low incidence of familial breast cancer among Hispanic women. Cancer Causes Control 1992;3(4):377-82. Davis FG, Persky VW, Ferre CD, Howe HL, Barrett RE, Haenszel WM. Cancer incidence of Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in Cook County, Illinois. Cancer 1995;75(12):2939-45. Eidson M, Becker TM, Wiggins CL, Key CR, Samet JM. Breast cancer among Hispanics, American Indians and non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico. Int J Epidemiol 1994 Apr;23(2):231-7. Polednak AP. Estimating breast cancer incidence in Hispanic women in Connecticut, 1989-1991. Ethn Health 1996 Sep;1(3):229-35. Trapido EJ, Chen F, Davis K, Lewis N, MacKinnon JA, Strait PM. Cancer in south Florida Hispanic women. A 9-year assessment. Arch Intern Med 1994 May 23;154(10):1083-8. Published erratum appears in Arch Intern Med 1994 Sep 12;154(17):1928. Comment in: Arch Intern Med 1994 May 23;154(10):1057-8. Trapido EJ, McCoy CB, Stein NS, Engel S, McCoy HV, Olejniczak S. The epidemiology of cancer among Hispanic women. The experience in Florida. Cancer 1990;66(11):2435-41. Weiss SE, Tartter PI, Ahmed S, Brower ST, Brusco C, Bossolt K, Amberson JB, Bratton J. Ethnic differences in risk and prognostic factors for breast cancer. Cancer 1995 Jul 15;76(2):268-74. Weston A, Godbold JH. Polymorphisms of H-ras-1 and p53 in breast cancer and lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect 1997 Jun;105 Suppl 4:919-26. Weston A, Pan C-F, Bleiweiss IJ, Ksieski HB, Roy N, Maloney N, Wolff MS. CYP17 genotype and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998;7(10):941-4. Weston A, Pan C-F, Ksieski HB, Wallenstein S, Berkowitz GS, Tartter PI, Bleiweiss IJ, Brower ST, Senie RT, Wolff MS. P53 haplotype determination in breast cancer [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1997;38:A3060. Weston A, Pan CF, Ksieski HB, Wallenstein S, Berkowitz GS, Tartter PI, Bleiweiss IJ, Brower ST, Senie RT, Wolff MS. p53 haplotype determination in breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997 Feb;6(2):105-12. Whittemore AS, Gong G, Itnyre J. Prevalence and contribution of BRCA1 mutations in breast cancer and ovarian cancer: results from three U.S. population-based case-control studies of ovarian cancer. Am J Hum Genet 1997 Mar;60(3):496-504. Wolff MS, Weston A. Breast cancer risk and environmental exposures. Environ Health Perspect 1997;105 Suppl 4:891-6. World Health Organization. Long-term use of three-monthly injectable contraceptive DMPA not linked to breast cancer [news]. Geneva: WHO, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction; 1995 Mar 20. [2 p.]. (News release; no. 1/95). Zang EA, Barrett NO, Cohen LA. Differences in nutritional risk factors for breast cancer among New York City white, Hispanic, and black college students. Ethn Dis 1994 Winter;4(1):28-40. Return to table of contentsNative Hawaiians/Other Pacific IslandersChong C. Cancer in Native Hawaiians. Cancer 1998 Oct 15;83(8 Suppl):1865-7. Mishra SI, Luce-Aoelua P, Wilkens LR, Bernstein L. Cancer among American-Samoans: site-specific incidence in California and Hawaii. Int J Epidemiol 1996 Aug;25(4):713-21. Nomura AM, Goodman MT, Kolonel LN, Fu T. The rise of cancer among the elderly in Hawaii. Hawaii Med J 1994 Jul;53(7):188-93, 200. Return to table of contentsOther Special PopulationsAgedHopkins RS, Hensley K. Breast cancer in Florida women. Incidence and stage at diagnosis. J Fla Med Assoc 1993 Jul;80(7):468-71. Kessler LG. The relationship between age and incidence of breast cancer. Population and screening program data. Cancer 1992 Apr 1;69(7 Suppl):1896-903. McBean AM, Warren JL, Babish JD. Measuring the incidence of cancer in elderly Americans using Medicare claims data. Cancer 1994 May 1; 73(9):2417-25. Scinto JD. Determinants of elderly breast cancer screening behavior [dissertation]. New Haven: Yale Univ.; 1995. 238 p. Silliman RA, Troyan SL, Guadagnoli E, Kaplan SH, Greenfield S. The impact of age, marital status, and physician-patient interactions on the care of older women with breast carcinoma. Cancer 1997 Oct 1;80(7):1326-34. Stanford JL, Greenberg RS. Breast cancer incidence in young women by estrogen receptor status and race. Am J Public Health 1989;79(1):71-3. Wazer DE, Gage I, Homer MJ, Krosnick SH, Schmid C. Age-related differences in patients with nonpalpable breast carcinomas. Cancer 1996;78(7):1432-7. Yancik R. Cancer burden in the aged: an epidemiologic and demographic overview. Cancer 1997 Oct 1; 80(7):1273-83. Return to table of contentsAshkenazi JewsBerman DB, Costalas J, Schultz DC, Grana G, Daly M, Godwin AK. A common mutation in BRCA2 that predisposes to a variety of cancers is found in both Jewish Ashkenazi and non-Jewish individuals. Cancer Res 1996;56(15):3409-14. Berman DB, Wagner-Costalas J, Schultz DC, Lynch HT, Daly M, Godwin AK. Two distinct origins of a common BRCA1 mutation in breast-ovarian cancer families: a genetic study of 15 185delAG-mutation kindreds. Am J Hum Genet 1996 Jun;58(6):1166-76. Neuhausen SL, Godwin AK, Gershoni-Baruch R, Schubert E, Garber J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Olah E, Csokay B, Serova O, Lalloo F, Osorio A, Stratton M, Offit K, Boyd J, Caligo MA, Scott RJ, Schofield A, Teugels E, Schwab M, Cannon-Albright L, Bishop T, Easton D, Benitez J, King M-C, Ponder BAJ, Weber B, Devilee P, Borg A, Narod SA, Goldgar D. Haplotype and phenotype analysis of nine recurrent BRCA2 mutations in 111 families: Results of an international study. Am J Hum Genet 1998;62(6):1381-8. Ngala Kenda JF, Chirimwami B, Veyi T. Clinicopathologic analysis of carcinoma of the breast in an African population. Arch Surg 1988;123(8):972-4. Steinitz R, Parkin DM, Young JL, Bieber CA, Katz L. Cancer incidence in Jewish migrants to Israel, 1961-1981. IARC Sci Publ 1989;(98):1-311. Tonin P, Serova O, Lenoir G, Lynch H, Durocher F, Simard J, Morgan K, Narod S. BRCA1 mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish women [letter]. Am J Hum Genet 1995 Jul;57(1):189. Tonin P, Weber B, Offit K, Couch F, Rebbeck TR, Neuhausen S, Godwin AK, Daly M, Wagner-Costalos J, Berman D, Grana G, Fox E, Kane MF, Kolodner RD, Krainer M, Haber DA, Struewing JP, Warner E, Rosen Bet al. Frequency of recurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish breast cancer families. Nat Med 1996;2(11):1179-83. Woodage T, King SM, Wacholder S, Hartge P, Struewing JP, McAdams M, Laken SJ, Tucker MA, Brody LC. The APCI1307K allele and cancer risk in a community-based study of Ashkenazi Jews. Nat Genet 1998 Sep;20(1):62-5. Comment in: Nat Genet 1998 Sep;20(1):13-4. Return to table of contentsMalesAdeniji KA, Adelusola KA, Odesanmi WO, Fadiran OA. Histopathological analysis of carcinoma of the male breast in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. East Afr Med J 1997 Jul;74(7):455-7. Amir H, Makwaya CK, Moshiro C, Kwesigabo G. Carcinoma of the male breast: a sexually transmitted disease? East Afr Med J 1996 Mar;73(3):187-90. Borgen PI, Senie RT, McKinnon WM, Rosen PP. Carcinoma of the male breast: analysis of prognosis compared with matched female patients. Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Jul-Aug;4(5):385-8. Chung HC, Koh EH, Roh JK, Min JS, Lee KS, Suh CO, Kim KE, Loh JJ, Lee KB, Kim BS. Male breast cancer--a 20-year review of 16 cases at Yonsei University. Yonsei Med J 1990 Sep;31(3):242-50. Cocco P, Figgs L, Dosemeci M, Hayes R, Linet MS, Hsing AW. Case-control study of occupational exposures and male breast cancer. Occup Environ Med 1998;55(9):599-604. Donegan WL, Redlich PN. Breast cancer in men. Surg Clin North Am 1996 Apr;76(2):343-63. Engin K, Unsal M. Cancer of the male breast: the Turkish experience. J Surg Oncol 1993 Jun;53(2):128-32. Haraldsson K, Loman N, Zhang QX, Johannsson O, Olsson H, Borg A. BRCA2 germ-line mutations are frequent in male breast cancer patients without a family history of the disease. Cancer Res 1998 Apr 1;58(7):1367-71. Hashishe MM, Kohail HM. Familial male breast cancer. A case report and review of the literature. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 1992;67(5-6):639-53. Hassan I, Mabogunje O. Cancer of the male breast in Zaria, Nigeria. East Afr Med J 1995 Jul;72(7):457-8. Ihekwaba FN. Breast cancer in men in black Africa: a report of 73 cases. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1994 Dec;39(6):344-7. Jamal S, Mushtaq S, Malik IA, Khan AH, Mamoon N. Malignant tumours of the male breast--a review of 50 cases. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 1994 Dec;44(12):275-7. Newman J. Breast cancer in men and mammography of the male breast. Radiol Technol 1997 Sep-Oct;69(1):17-28; quiz 29-36. Prechtel K, Prechtel V. [Breast cancer in men]. Pathologe 1997;18(1):45-52. (Ger). Sandler B, Carman C, Perry RR. Cancer of the male breast. Am Surg 1994 Nov;60(11):816-20. Sasco AJ, Lowenfels AB, Pasker-De Jong P. Review article: Epidemiology of male breast cancer. A meta-analysis of published case-control studies and discussion of selected aetiological factors. Int J Cancer 1993;53(4):538-49. Seitzinger JW. Carcinoma of the male breast. N J Med 1990 Oct;87(10):803-9. Simon MS, McKnight E, Schwartz A, Martino S, Swanson GM. Racial differences in cancer of the male breast - 15 Year experience in the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1992;21(1):55-62. Stalsberg H, Thomas DB, Rosenblatt KA, Jimenez LM, McTiernan A, Stemhagen A, Thompson WD, Curnen MG, Satariano W, Austin DF, et al. Histologic types and hormone receptors in breast cancer in men: a population-based study in 282 United States men. Cancer Causes Control 1993 Mar;4(2):143-51. Tan PH, Sng IT. Male breast cancer: a retrospective study with immunohistochemical analysis of hormone receptor expression. Pathology 1997 Feb;29(1):2-6. Return to table of contentsSocioeconomically DisadvantagedFaggiano F, Partanen T, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P. Socioeconomic differences in cancer incidence and mortality. IARC Sci Publ 1997;(138):65-176. Gorey KM, Vena JE. The association of near poverty status with cancer incidence among black and white adults. 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Does oral contraceptive use increase the risk of breast cancer in women with BRCA1 / BRCA2 mutations more than in other women? Cancer Res 1997 Sep 1;57(17):3678-81. White E, Velentgas P, Mandelson MT, Lehman CD, Elmore JG, Porter P, Yasui Y, Taplin SH. Variation in mammographic breast density by time in menstrual cycle among women aged 40-49 years. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998 Jun 17;90(12):906-10. Return to table of contentsPhysical ActivityAgurs-Collins T, Kim KS, Dunston GM, Adams-Campbell LL. Plasma lipid alterations in African-American women with breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1998;124(3-4):186-90. Bernstein L, Henderson BE, Hanisch R, Sullivan-Halley J, Ross RK. Physical exercise and reduced risk of breast cancer in young women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86(18):1403-8. Cerhan JR, Chiu BC-H, Wallace RB, Lemke JH, Lynch CF, Torner JC, Rubenstein LM. Physical activity, physical function, and the risk of breast cancer in a prospective study among elderly women. 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Hum Pathol 1989 Aug;20(8):723-5. Dupont WD, Page DL, Parl FF, Vnencak-Jones CL, Plummer WD Jr, Rados MS, Schuyler PA. Long-term risk of breast cancer in women with fibroadenoma. N Engl J Med 1994 Jul 7;331(1):10-5. Dupont WD, Page DL, Rogers LW, Parl FF. Influence of exogenous estrogens, proliferative breast disease, and other variables on breast cancer risk. Cancer 1989 Mar 1;63(5):948-57. Jensen RA, Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW. Invasive breast cancer risk in women with sclerosing adenosis. Cancer 1989 Nov 15;64(10):1977-83. Jensen RA, Page DL, Holt JT. Identification of genes expressed in premalignant breast disease by microscopy-directed cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Sep 27;91(20):9257-61. Kasami M, Olson SJ, Simpson JF, Page DL. Maintenance of polarity and a dual cell population in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study. Histopathology 1998 Mar;32(3):232-8. Levin L, Simon K, Abraham N, Alfonso C, Cohen MA, Navarro G, Garcia M, Singh K, Schoolcraft B, Haque H, Shenoy S, et al. Sexual dysfunction among cancer patients from an inner city hospital [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:A1659. Page DL, Dupont WD. Anatomic indicators (histologic and cytologic) of increased breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1993 Nov;28(2):157-66. Return to table of contentsEnvironmental ExposureAllen RH, Gottlieb M, Clute E, Pongsiri MJ, Sherman J, Obrams GI. Breast cancer and pesticides in Hawaii: the need for further study. Environ Health Perspect 1997 Apr;105 Suppl 3:679-83. Brody JG, Rudel R, Maxwell NI, Swedis SR. Mapping out a search for environmental causes of breast cancer. Public Health Rep 1996 Nov-Dec;111(6):494-507. Cantor KP, Stewart PA, Brinton LA, Dosemeci M. Occupational exposures and female breast cancer mortality in the United States. J Occup Environ Med 1995;37(3):336-48. Cocco P, Figgs L, Dosemeci M, Hayes R, Linet MS, Hsing AW. Case-control study of occupational exposures and male breast cancer. Occup Environ Med 1998;55(9):599-604. Cunningham AR. SAR Studies to assess the risk of breast cancer due to environmental estrogens. Annual report.1 Jun 97-31 May 98. Pittsburgh (PA): Univ. of Pittsburgh; 1998 Jun. 52 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-97-1-7049. Dewailly E, Dodin S, Verreault R, Ayotte P, Sauve L, Morin J, Brisson J. High organochlorine body burden in women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Feb 2;86(3):232-4. Epstein B. Grassroots environmentalism and strategies for social change. New Polit Sci 1995 Summer; 32:1-24. Goodman MT, Cologne JB, Moriwaki H, Vaeth M, Mabuchi K. Risk factors for primary breast cancer in Japan: 8-year follow-up of atomic bomb survivors. Prev Med 1997 Jan-Feb;26(1):144-53. Kagawa-Singer M. Socioeconomic and cultural influences on cancer care of women. 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Reliability of self-reported breast screening information in a survey of lower income women. Prev Med 1997 May-Jun;26(3):287-91. Vellozzi CJ, Romans M, Rothenberg RB. Delivering breast and cervical cancer screening services to underserved women: Part I. Literature review and telephone survey. Womens Health Issues 1996 Mar-Apr;6(2):65-73. Weber BE, Reilly BM. Enhancing mammography use in the inner city. A randomized trial of intensive case management. Arch Intern Med 1997 Nov 10;157(20):2345-9. Zabora JR, Morrison C, Olsen SJ, Ashley B. Recruitment of underserved women for breast cancer detection programs. Cancer Pract 1997 Sep-Oct;5(5):297-303. Zapka JG, Bigelow C, Hurley T, Ford LD, et al. Mammography use among sociodemographically diverse women: The accuracy of self-report. Am J Public Health 1996 Jul;86(7):1016-21. Zavertnik JJ, McCoy CB, Love N. Breast cancer control program for the socioeconomically disadvantaged. Screening mammography for the poor. Cancer 1994 Oct 1;74(7 Suppl):2042-5. Return to table of contentsOtherAmonkar MM. Matching Appalachians' preventive servces' utilization and managed care strategies for preventive care [dissertation]. Morgantown: West Virginia Univ.; 1997. 382 p. Ellingson LA. Breast self-examination, the health belief model and sexual orientaton in women [dissertation]. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.; 1996. 118 p. Ellingson LA, Yarber WL. Breast self-examination, the Health Belief Model, and sexual orientation in women. J Sex Educ Ther 1997;22(3):19-24. Michels TC, Taplin SM, Carter WB, Kugler JP. Barriers to screening: the theory of reasoned action applied to mammography use in a military beneficiary population. Mil Med 1995 Sep;160(9):431-7. Peterson KJ, Bricker-Jenkins M. Lesbians and the health care system. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv 1996;5(1):33-47. Rankow EJ. Lesbian health issues for the primary care provider. J Fam Pract 1995 May;40(5):486-96. Comment in: J Fam Pract 1995 Sep;41(3):224; discussion 227; J Fam Pract 1995 Sep;41(3):227. Return to table of contentsMortality/Survival IssuesRacial, Ethnic, and Cultural Differences in Mortality and SurvivalGeneral/OverviewAustin SG, Huang N, Woernle CW. PMR study of mortality among Alabama workers and farmers. Am J Ind Med 1995 Jan;27(1):29-36. Calle EE, Murphy TK, Rodriguez C, Thun MJ, Heath CW Jr. Occupation and breast cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of US women. Am J Epidemiol 1998 Jul 15;148(2):191-7. Chevarley F, White E. Recent trends in breast cancer mortality among White and Black US women. Am J Public Health 1997;87(5):775-81. Coates RJ, Clark WS, Eley JW, Greenberg RS, Huguley CM Jr, Brown RL. Race, nutritional status, and survival from breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82(21):1684-92. Deaths from breast cancer - United States, 1991. Ann Pharmacother 1994;28(6):823. Deaths from breast cancer--United States, 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994 Apr 22;43(15):273, 279-81. Edwards MJ, Gamel JW, Vaughan WP, Wrightson WR. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast: the survival impact of race. J Clin Oncol 1998 Aug;16(8):2693-9. Eley JW, Hill HA, Chen VW, Austin DF, Wesley MN, Muss HB, Greenberg RS, Coates RJ, Correa P, Redmond CK, et al. Racial differences in survival from breast cancer. Results of the National Cancer Institute Black/White Cancer Survival Study. JAMA 1994 Sep 28;272(12):947-54. Comment in: JAMA 1995 Apr 5;273(13):1000. Elias EG, Suter CM, Brown SD, Buda BS, Vachon DA. Survival differences between black and white women with breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 1994 Jan;55(1):37-41. Comment in: J Surg Oncol 1994 Sep;57(1):30. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breast cancer incidence and mortality--United States, 1992. JAMA 1996 Oct 23-30;276(16):1293-4. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortality trends for selected smoking-related cancers and breast cancer--United States, 1950-1990. JAMA 1993 Dec 1;270(21):2541-2. Gornick ME, Eggers PW, Reilly TW, Mentnech RM, Fitterman LK, Kucken LE, Vladeck BC. Effects of race and income on mortality and use of services among Medicare beneficiaries. N Engl J Med 1996 Sep 12;335(11):791-9. Hill GJ, Rush BF Jr, Hill HZ, Pliner LF, Raina S, Cook S, Klein K, Gerne C, Slimowitz R. Breast cancer in the inner city: intensive efforts may be succeeding. J Med 1996;27(3-4):135-51. Howard DL, Penchansky R, Brown MB. Disaggregating the effects of race on breast cancer survival. Fam Med 1998 Mar;30(3):228-35. Howard J, Hankey BF, Greenberg RS, Austin DF, Correa P, Chen VW, Durako S. A collaborative study of differences in the survival rates of black patients and white patients with cancer. Cancer 1992;69(9): 2349-60. Hsu JL, Glaser SL, West DW. Racial/ethnic differences in breast cancer survival among San Francisco Bay Area women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997 Sep 3; 89(17):1311-2. Ishimoto H, Nakamura H, Miyoshi T. Epidemiological study on relationship between breast cancer mortality and dietary factors. Tokushima J Exp Med 1994 Dec;41(3-4):103-14. Jones B. Race differences in breast cancer survival. Annual report, 1 Jul 96-30 Jun 97. New Haven (CT): Yale Univ. School of Medicine; 1997 Jul. 34 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-96-1-6101. Jones BA. Race differences in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer [dissertation]. New Haven (CT): Yale Univ.; 1993. Jones BA, Kasl SV, Curnen MG, Owens PH, Dubrow R. Can mammography screening explain the race difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer? Cancer 1995 Apr 15;75(8):2103-13. Jones BA, Kasl SV, Curnen MGM, Owens PH, Dubrow R. Severe obesity as an explanatory factor for the black/white difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146(5):394-404. Joslyn SA. Racial differences in survival from breast cancer [letter]. JAMA 1995 Apr 5;273(13):1000. Comment on: JAMA 1994 Sep 28;272(12):947-54. Kato PM. On nothing and everything: The relationship between ethnicity and health. In: Kato PM, Mann T, et al., editors. Handbook of diversity issues in health psychology. New York: Plenum Press; 1996. p. 287-300. Krieger N. Prevalence prognostic biomarkers in archival specimens and breast cancer survival among White, Black, and Asian women. Final report. 1 Sep 94-31 May 98. Oakland (CA): Kaiser Foundation Research Inst.; 1998 Jun. 39 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4388. Krieger N, van den Eeden SK, Zava D, Okamoto A. Race/ethnicity, social class, and prevalence of breast cancer prognostic biomarkers: a study of white, black, and Asian women in the San Francisco bay area. Ethn Dis 1997 Spring-Summer;7(2):137-49. Kuderer NM, Lyman SL, Cox CE, Reintgen DS, Williams CC, Lyman GH. The importance of race for breast cancer survival [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996;15:A122. Le Marchand L. Ethnic variation in breast cancer survival: a review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1991 May;18 Suppl 1:S119-26. Lyman GH, Kuderer NM, Lyman SL, Cox CE, Reintgen D, Baekey P. Importance of race on breast cancer survival. Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Jan;4(1):80-7. Mandelblatt J, Andrews H, Kerner J, Zauber A, Burnett W. Determinants of late stage diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer: The impact of age, race, social class, and hospital type. Am J Public Health 1991;81(5): 646-9. Menendez-Tuckman AT, Raventos-Suarez C. Re: Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis among white, Hispanic, and black women in the United States [letter]. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Sep 7;86(17):1352-3. Comment on: J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 May 4;86(9):705-12. Moormeier J. Racial differences in breast cancer clinical characteristics, biology, and treatment. Annual report. 1 Jul 94-30 Jun 95. Kansas City (MO): Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City; 1995 Jul 17 . 14 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4413. Moormeier J. Racial differences in breast cancer clinical characteristics, biology, and treatment. Annual report. 1 Jul 95-30 Jun 96. Kansas City (MO): Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City; 1996 Jul. 14 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4413. Mortality trends for selected smoking-related cancers and breast cancer--United States, 1950-1990. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993 Nov 12;42(44):857, 863-6. Perkins CI, Wright WE, Young JL. Trends in breast cancer mortality in california, 1973-1993 [abstract]. Paper presented at: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Conference; 1995 April 17-20; San Francisco. Perkins P, Cooksley CD, Cox JD. Breast cancer. Is ethnicity an independent prognostic factor for survival? Cancer 1996 Sep 15;78(6):1241-7. Randal J. Does the timing of breast cancer surgery affect survival? [news]. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997 Apr 2;89(7):473-7. Ranstam J, Olsson H, Garne JP, Aspegren K, Janzon L. Survival in breast cancer and age at start of oral contraceptive usage. Anticancer Res 1991 Nov-Dec;11(6):2043-6. Results from the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, October 31 1991-September 30 1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994 Jul 29;43(29):530-4. Simon M, Severson R, Ramnath N, LoRusso P, Kellogg C. Racial differences in survival of female breast cancer [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995;14:A418. Sondik EJ. Breast cancer trends. Incidence, mortality, and survival. Cancer 1994 Aug 1;74(3 Suppl):995-9. Terling T, Frisbie WP, Sowards KA, Bradshaw BS. Ethnic differentials in mortality from breast cancer. Austin (TX): Univ. of Texas, Texas Population Research Center; 1994. 13 p. (Texas Population Research Center paper; no. 94-95-02). Trends and regional differences in breast cancer mortality. Stat Bull 1988 Jul-Sep;69(3):26-31. Compiled by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. van Loon AJ, Brug J, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Differences in cancer incidence and mortality among socioeconomic groups. Scand J Soc Med 1995;23(2):110-20. Van Loon AJ, Goldbohm RA, Van den Brandt PA. Socioeconomic status and breast cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 1994 Oct;23(5):899-905. Wagener DK, Schatzkin A. Temporal trends in the socioeconomic gradient for breast cancer mortality among US women. Am J Public Health 1994 Jun;84(6):1003-6. West DW, Satariano WA, Ragland DR, Hiatt RA. Comorbidity and breast cancer survival: a comparison between black and white women. Ann Epidemiol 1996 Sep;6(5):413-9. Wingo PA. Five-year survival of women with breast cancer according to prior use of oral contraceptives [dissertation]. Atlanta: Emory Univ.; 1993. 183 p. Return to table of contentsAfrican AmericansCaplan LS, Helzlsouer KJ, Shapiro S, Freedman LS, Coates RJ, Edwards BK. System delay in breast cancer in whites and blacks. Am J Epidemiol 1995 Oct 15;142(8):804-12. Caplan LS, Helzlsouer KJ, Shapiro S, Wesley MN, et al. Reasons for delay in breast cancer diagnosis. Prev Med 1996 Mar;25(2):218-24. Chaulk CP, Kazandjian VA, Pipesh F. Racial differences in illness and mortality among Maryland women hospitalized with breast cancer under an all-payer hospital system. J Womens Health 1995;4(1):27-33. Dansey RD, Hessel PA, Browde S, Lange M, Derman D, Nissenbaum M, Bezwoda WR. Lack of a significant independent effect of race on survival in breast cancer. Cancer 1988;61(9):1908-12. Elledge RM, Clark GM, Chamness GC, Osborne CK. Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis among white, Hispanic, and black women in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 May 4;86(9):705-12. Comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Sep 7;86(17):1352-3. Elledge RM, Clark GM, Chamness GC, Osborne CK. Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis in white, Hispanic, and Black women [abstract]. Breast Cancer Treat Res 1993;27(1-2):132. Equal access to health care improves black women's survival from breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1998;34(7):947. Franzini L, Williams AF, Franklin J, Singletary SE, Theriault RL. Effects of race and socioeconomic status on survival of 1,332 black, Hispanic, and white women with breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):111-8. Comment in: Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):102-3. Freeman HP, Wasfie TJ. Cancer of the breast in poor black women. Cancer 1989;63(12):2562-9. Guillory JA. Relationships of selected physiological, psychosocial and spiritual variables associated with survivorship in socioeconomically disadvantaged African American women with breast cancer [dissertation]. Augusta: Medical College of Georgia; 1993. Hardy RE, Hargreaves MK. Cancer prognosis in black Americans: a mini-review. J Natl Med Assoc 1991 Jul;83(7):574-9. Heimann R, Ferguson D, Powers C, Suri D, Weichselbaum RR, Hellman S. Race and clinical outcome in breast cancer in a series with long-term follow-up evaluation. J Clin Oncol 1997 Jun;15(6):2329-37. Jones BA. Race differences in breast cancer survival. Annual report. 1 Jul 97-30 Jun 98. New Haven (CT): Yale Univ., School of Medicine; 1998 Jul. 20 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-96-1-6101. Krieger N. Prevalence prognostic biomarkers in archival specimens and breast cancer survival among White, Black, and Asian women. Final report. 1 Sep 94-31 May 98. Oakland (CA): Kaiser Foundation Research Inst.; 1998 Jun. 39 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4388. Krieger N, van den Eeden SK, Zava D, Okamoto A. Race/ethnicity, social class, and prevalence of breast cancer prognostic biomarkers: a study of white, black, and Asian women in the San Francisco bay area. Ethn Dis 1997 Spring-Summer;7(2):137-49. Long E. Breast cancer in African-American women. Review of the literature. Cancer Nurs 1993 Feb;16(1):1-24. Meshack AF. For health's sake: cervical and breast cancer screening [dissertation]. Houston: Univ. of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health; 1993. 152 p. Muss H, Wesley M, Chen V, Coates R, Austin D, Harlan L, Hunter C, Blacklow R, Shapiro S, Edwards B. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are related to survival in Black and white women with breast cancer (BC): the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Black/white cancer survival study experience [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994;13:A117. Neale AV. Racial and marital status influences on 10 year survival from breast cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 1994 May;47(5):475-83. Pelton E, Griggs J, Collichio F. Reduced dose of adjuvant chemotherapy in a group of black women compared with white women with breast cancer [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997;16:A653. Polednak AP. Cancer mortality in a higher-income black population in New York State. Comparison with rates in the United State as a whole. Cancer 1990;66(7):1654-60. Ragland KR. Black-white differences in cancer survival: an analysis of seven selected sites [dissertation]. Berkeley: Univ. of California, Berkeley; 1991. Reid CC 3rd. An analysis of the increased mortality of African-American women due to breast cancer [masters thesis]. New York: New York Medical College; 1998. 68 p. Reynolds P, Boyd PT, Blacklow RS, Jackson JS, Greenberg RS, Austin DF, Chen VW, Edwards BK. The relationship between social ties and survival among black and white breast cancer patients. National Cancer Institute Black/White Cancer Survival Study Group. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994 Apr-May;3(3):253-9. Roach M 3rd, Alexander M. The prognostic significance of race and survival from breast cancer: a model for assessing the reliability of reported survival differences. J Natl Med Assoc 1995 Mar;87(3):214-9. Roach M 3rd, Cirrincione C, Budman D, Hayes D, Berry D, Younger J, Hart R, Henderson IC. Race and survival from breast cancer: based on Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 8541. Cancer J Sci Am 1997 Mar-Apr;3(2):107-12. Comment in: Cancer J Sci Am 1997 Mar-Apr;3(2):76-7. Rosenman KD. Causes of mortality in primary and secondary school teachers. Am J of Ind Med 1994 May;25(5):749-58. Shiao Y-H. Distinct mechanisms of P53 alterations between black and white breast cancer patients [dissertation]. New Orleans: Louisiana State Univ. Medical Center at New Orleans; 1993. 154 p. Simon MS, Severson RK. Racial differences in breast cancer survival: the interaction of socioeconomic status and tumor biology. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997 Jun;176(6):S233-9. Sturgeon SR, Schairer C, Gail M, McAdams M, Brinton LA, Hoover RN. Geographic variation in mortality from breast cancer among white women in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995 Dec 20;87(24):1846-53. Comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst 1995 Dec 20;87(24):1819-20. Walker Jr B, Figgs LW, Zahm SH. Differences in cancer incidence, mortality, and survival between African Americans and whites. Environ Health Perspect 1995;103 Suppl 8:275-81. Wojcik BE, Spinks MK, Optenberg SA. Breast carcinoma survival analysis for African American and white women in an equal-access health care system. Cancer 1998 Apr 1;82(7):1310-8. Return to table of contentsAmerican Indians/Alaska NativesFrost F, Tollestrup K, Hunt WC, Gilliland F, Key CR, Urbina CE. Breast cancer survival among New Mexico Hispanic, American Indian, and non-Hispanic white women (1973-1992). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996 Nov;5(11):861-6. Nutting PA, Helgerson SD, Beaver SK, Bates PM, Berg LE. Preventable cancer mortality in American Indian and Alaska Native women. Final report. Rockville (MD): Indian Health Service; 1990 May 1. 142 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; Y02-CN-90667. Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Pattillo RA, Hussa RO, Story MT. Characteristics of antigens from an HCG alpha secreting cell line (ElCo) derived from human breast carcinoma in a Native American patient. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997 Jun;176(6):S246-54. Sugarman JR, Dennis LK, White E. Cancer survival among American Indians in western Washington State (United States). Cancer Causes Control 1994 Sep;5(5):440-8. Urbina CE. New Mexico MEDTEP Research Center for Ethnic Populations. Abstract, executive summary and final report. Report. for 9 Sep 92-30 Nov 95. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico; 1996. 44 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; AHCPR-07389. Welty TK, Zephier N, Schweigman K, Blake B, Leonardson G. Cancer risk factors in three Sioux tribes. Use of the Indian-specific health risk appraisal for data collection and analysis. Alaska Med 1993 Oct-Dec;35(4):265-72. Return to table of contentsAsiansChie W-C, Chang K-J. Factors related to tumor size of breast cancer at treatment in Taiwan. Prev Med 1994;23(1):91-7. Chie WC, Chen CF, Lee WC, Chen CJ, Lin RS. Age-period-cohort analysis of breast cancer mortality. Anticancer Res 1995 Mar-Apr;15(2):511-5. Chow LW, Au GK, Poon RT. Breast conservation therapy for invasive breast cancer in Hong Kong: factors affecting recurrence and survival in Chinese women. Aust N Z J Surg 1997 Feb-Mar;67(2-3):94-7. Chow LW, Au GW, Poon RT. Breast conservative therapy for invasive breast cancer in Hong Kong [abstract]. Paper presented at: 12th Asia Pacific Cancer Conference; 1995 Oct 17-20; Singapore. Elledge RM, Clark GM, Chamness GC, Osborne CK. Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis among white, Hispanic, and black women in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 May 4;86(9):705-12. Comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Sep 7;86(17):1352-3. Elledge RM, Clark GM, Chamness GC, Osborne CK. Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis in white, Hispanic, and Black women [abstract]. Breast Cancer Treat Res 1993;27(1-2):132. Guo WD, Chow WH, Zheng W, Li JY, Blot WJ. Diet, serum markers and breast cancer mortality in China. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994 Jun;85(6):572-7. Hanley AJ, Choi BC, Holowaty EJ. Cancer mortality among Chinese migrants: a review. Int J Epidemiol 1995 Apr;24(2):255-65. Hanley AJG. Cancer mortality patterns among Chinese migrant populations in Ontario [masters thesis]. Toronto (Canada): Univ. of Toronto; 1993. 173 p. Holden C. Koreans make gene-therapy debut. Science 1997;276(5315):1035. Kagawa-Singer M, Wellisch DK, Durvasula R. Impact of breast cancer on Asian American and Anglo American women. Cult Med Psychiatry 1997 Dec;21(4):449-80. Krieger N. Prevalence prognostic biomarkers in archival specimens and breast cancer survival among White, Black, and Asian women. Final report. 1 Sep 94-31 May 98. Oakland (CA): Kaiser Foundation Research Inst.; 1998 Jun. 39 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4388. Krieger N, van den Eeden SK, Zava D, Okamoto A. Race/ethnicity, social class, and prevalence of breast cancer prognostic biomarkers: a study of white, black, and Asian women in the San Francisco bay area. Ethn Dis 1997 Spring-Summer;7(2):137-49. Lloyd OL, Wong SL, Yu TS, Wong TW. Mortality mapping in Hong Kong, 1979-83 and 1984-88: feasibility study and the patterns of cancers. Asia Pac J Public Health 1995;8(2):66-73. Ng EH, Chiang G, Sng I, Nambiar R, Soo KC. Difficulty of obtaining wide tumour to deep fascial margins in Asian women with breast cancers: implications on treatment and prognosis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1996 Mar;25(2):241-4. Noguchi M, Yagasaki R, Kawahara F, Minami M, Tsuyama H, Earashi M, Kinoshita K, Taniya T, Miwa K, Nishijima H, Takanaka T, Kawashima H, Takashima C, Kanno M, Nakamura S, Mizukami Y, Nonomura A, Michigishi T, Yokoyama K. Breast conserving treatment versus modified radical mastectomy in Japanese patients with operable breast cancer. Int Surg 1997 Jul-Sep;82(3):289-94. Schneider T, Hubert D, Degrange JP, Bertin M. Use of risk projection models for the comparison of mortality from radiation-induced breast cancer in various populations. Health Phys 1995 Apr;68(4):452-9. Stellman SD, Wang Q-S. Cancer mortality in Chinese immigrants to New York City: Comparison with Chinese in Tianjin and with United States-born whites. Cancer 1994;73(4):1270-5. Return to table of contentsHispanicsArias LC, Borrell C. [Mortality inequalities according to education in the city of Barcelona]. Med Clin (Barc) 1998 Feb 14;110(5):161-6. (Spa). Cady B. Effects of race and socioeconomic status on survival of women with breast cancer [editorial]. Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):102-3. Comment on: Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):111-8. del Valle Gomez MO, Lopez Gonzalez ML, Arcos Gonzalez PI, Cueto Espinar A. [An analysis of the potential years of life lost to cancer in Asturias and Spain]. Rev Sanid Hig Publica (Madr) 1993 Mar-Apr;67(2):129-43. (Spa). Delgado DJ. The role of hispanic race/ethnicity and poverty in breast cancer survival [dissertation]. Los Angeles: Univ. of California, Los Angeles; 1994. Delgado DJ, Lin WY, Coffey M. The role of Hispanic race/ethnicity and poverty in breast cancer survival. P R Health Sci J 1995 Jun;14(2):103-16. Franzini L, Williams AF, Franklin J, Singletary SE, Theriault RL. Effects of race and socioeconomic status on survival of 1,332 black, Hispanic, and white women with breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):111-8. Comment in: Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):102-3. Frost F, Tollestrup K, Hunt WC, Gilliland F, Key CR, Urbina CE. Breast cancer survival among New Mexico Hispanic, American Indian, and non-Hispanic white women (1973-1992). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996 Nov;5(11):861-6. Guidry JJ, Aday LA, Zhang D, Winn RJ. Cost considerations as potential barriers to cancer treatment. Cancer Pract 1998 May-Jun;6(3):182-7. Lopez-Rios O, Lazcano-Ponce EC, Tovar-Guzman V, Hernandez-Avila M. [Epidemiology of cancer of the breast in Mexico. Consequences of demography transition]. Salud Publica Mex 1997 Jul-Aug;39(4):259-65. (Spa). Prieto-Ramos F, Serra-Majem L, La Vecchia C, Ramon JM, Tresserras R, Salleras L. Mortality trends and past and current dietary factors of breast cancer in Spain. Eur J Epidemiol 1996 Apr;12(2):141-8. Return to table of contentsNative Hawaiians/Other Pacific IslandersChong C. Cancer in Native Hawaiians. Cancer 1998 Oct 15;83(8 Suppl):1865-7. Higuchi CM, Serxner SA, Nomura AM, Stemmermann GN. Histopathological predictors of breast cancer death among Caucasians and Japanese in Hawaii. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1993 May-Jun;2(3):201-5. Mastrofrancesco L. Contoversies in breast cancer diagnosis and management. Hawaii Med J 1994 Sep;53(9):246. Meng L, Maskarinec G, Lee J. Ethnicity and conditional breast cancer survival in Hawaii. J Clin Epidemiol 1997 Nov;50(11):1289-96. Meng L, Maskarinec G, Lee J. Ethnicity and conditional breast cancer survival in hawaii [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1997;38:A2006. Meng L, Maskarinec G, Wilkens L. Ethnic differences and factors related to breast cancer survival in Hawaii. Int J Epidemiol 1997 Dec;26(6):1151-8. Return to table of contentsOther Special PopulationsAge GroupsAaltomaa S, Lipponen P, Papinaho S. Young breast cancer patients have unfavorable prognosis because of biologically aggressive tumors. Int J Oncol 1993;2(2):331-4. Bisgard KM, Folsom AR, Hong CP, Sellers TA. Mortality and cancer rates in nonrespondents to a prospective study of older women: 5-year follow-up. Am J Epidemiol 1994 May 15;139(10):990-1000. Byrne C, Smart CR, Chu KC, Hartmann WH. Survival advantage differences by age. Evaluation of the extended follow-up of the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project. Cancer 1994 Jul 1;74(1 Suppl):301-10. Caplan LS, Haynes SG. Breast cancer screening in older women. Public Health Rev 1996;24(2):193-204. Return to table of contentsRural PopulationsHowe HL, Johnson TP, Lehnherr M, Warnecke RB, Katterhagen JG, Ford L. Patterns of breast cancer treatment: A comparison of a rural population with an urban population and a community clinical oncology program sample. Cancer Control 1995;2(2):113-20. Howe HL, Katterhagen JG, Yates J, Lehnherr M. Urban-rural differences in the management of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1993;4(2):172. Return to table of contentsSocioeconomically DisadvantagedAnsell D, Whitman S, Lipton R, Cooper R. Race, income, and survival from breast cancer at two public hospitals. Cancer 1993 Nov 15;72(10):2974-8. Boddie AW, Warso M, Briele H, Sweeney P, Low N, Bork J, Rattan N, Wild L. Multimodal-therapy breast salvage in the urban poor with locally advanced cancer. Arch Surg 1996 Apr;131(4):424-9. Cady B. Effects of race and socioeconomic status on survival of women with breast cancer [editorial]. Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):102-3. Comment on: Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):111-8. Chen VW, Correa P, Kurman RJ, Wu XC, Eley JW, Austin D, Muss H, Hunter CP, Redmond C, Sobhan M, et al. Histological characteristics of breast carcinoma in blacks and whites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994 Mar;3(2):127-35. Delgado DJ. The role of hispanic race/ethnicity and poverty in breast cancer survival [dissertation]. Los Angeles: Univ. of California, Los Angeles; 1994. Delgado DJ, Lin WY, Coffey M. The role of Hispanic race/ethnicity and poverty in breast cancer survival. P R Health Sci J 1995 Jun;14(2):103-16. Franzini L, Williams AF, Franklin J, Singletary SE, Theriault RL. Effects of race and socioeconomic status on survival of 1,332 black, Hispanic, and white women with breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):111-8. Comment in: Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Mar;4(2):102-3. Freeman HP, Wasfie TJ. Cancer of the breast in poor black women. Cancer 1989;63(12):2562-9. Garvican L, Littlejohns P. Comparison of prognostic and socio-economic factors in screen-detected and symptomatic cases of breast cancer. Public Health 1998 Jan;112(1):15-20. Gordon NH, Crowe JP, Brumberg DJ, Berger NA. Socioeconomic factors and race in breast cancer recurrence and survival. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135(6):609-18. Guillory JA. Relationships of selected physiological, psychosocial and spiritual variables associated with survivorship in socioeconomically disadvantaged African American women with breast cancer [dissertation]. Augusta: Medical College of Georgia; 1993. Heck KE, Wagener DK, Schatzkin A, Devesa SS, Breen N. Socioeconomic status and breast cancer mortality, 1989 through 1993: an analysis of education data from death certificates. Am J Public Health 1997 Jul;87(7):1218-22. Kogevinas M, Porta M. Socioeconomic differences in cancer survival: a review of the evidence. IARC Sci Publ 1997;(138):177-206. Lannin DR, Mathews HF, Mitchell J, Swanson MS, Swanson FH, Edwards MS. Influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on racial differences in late-stage presentation of breast cancer. JAMA 1998 Jun 10;279(22):1801-7. Nandakumar A, Anantha N, Venugopal TC, Sankaranarayanan R, Thimmasetty K, Dhar M. Survival in breast cancer: a population-based study in Bangalore, India. Int J Cancer 1995 Mar 3;60(5):593-6. Schrijvers CT, Mackenbach JP. Cancer patient survival by socioeconomic status in seven countries: a review for six common cancer sites [corrected]. J Epidemiol Community Health 1994 Oct;48(5):441-6. Published erratum appears in J Epidemiol Community Health 1994 Dec;48(6):554. van Loon AJ, Brug J, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA, Burg J [corrected to Brug J]. Differences in cancer incidence and mortality among socio-economic groups. Scand J Soc Med 1995 Jun;23(2):110-20. Published erratum appears in Scand J Soc Med 1995 Sep;23(3):155. Wells BL, Horm JW. Stage at diagnosis in breast cancer: Race and socioeconomic factors. Am J Public Health 1992;82(10):1383-5. Return to table of contentsBiological Factors in Survival/Mortality RatesTumor BiologyAaman TB, Stalsberg H, Thomas DB. Extratumoral breast tissue in breast cancer patients: a multinational study of variations with age and country of residence in low- and high-risk countries. WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives. Int J Cancer 1997 May 2;71(3):333-9. Carnon AG, Ssemwogerere A, Lamont DW, Hole DJ, Mallon EA, George WD, Gillis GR. Relation between socioeconomic deprivation and pathological prognostic factors in women with breast cancer. BMJ 1994 Oct 22;309(6961):1054-7. Comment in: BMJ 1994 Dec 17;309(6969):1662. Chen VW, Correa P, Kurman RJ, Wu XC, Eley JW, Austin D, Muss H, Hunter CP, Redmond C, Sobhan M, et al. Histological characteristics of breast carcinoma in blacks and whites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994 Mar;3(2):127-35. Garvican L, Littlejohns P. Comparison of prognostic and socio-economic factors in screen-detected and symptomatic cases of breast cancer. Public Health 1998 Jan;112(1):15-20. Marsigliante S, Mottaghi A, Muscella A, Ciardo V, Leo G, Storelli C. Effect of tumour size on the association between pS2 and cathepsin D in primary breast cancer. Int J Oncol 1995;6(1):69-73. Menendez-Tuckman AT, Raventos-Suarez C. Re: Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis among white, Hispanic, and black women in the United States [letter]. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Sep 7;86(17):1352-3. Comment on: J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 May 4;86(9):705-12. Muss H, Wesley M, Chen V, Coates R, Austin D, Harlan L, Hunter C, Blacklow R, Shapiro S, Edwards B. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are related to survival in Black and white women with breast cancer (BC): the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Black/white cancer survival study experience [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994;13:A117. Pattillo RA, Hussa RO, Story MT. Characteristics of antigens from an HCG alpha secreting cell line (ElCo) derived from human breast carcinoma in a Native American patient. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997 Jun;176(6):S246-54. Shiao Y. Distinct mechanisms of p53 alterations between black and white breast cancer patients [dissertation]. New Orleans: Louisiana State Univ. Medical Center at New Orleans; 1994. Shiao Y-H, Chen VW, Lehmann HP, Wu XC, Correa P. Patterns of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction associated with breast cancer survival in blacks and whites. Clin Cancer Res 1997;3(4):587-92. Shiao YH, Chen VW, Scheer WD, Wu XC, Correa P. Racial disparity in the association of p53 gene alterations with breast cancer survival. Cancer Res 1995 Apr 1;55(7):1485-90. Shiao YH, Chen VW, Wu XC, Scheer WD, Lehmann HP, Malcom GT, Boudreau DA, Ruiz B. Racial comparison of p53 tumor suppressor gene alterations in breast cancer: difference in prognostic value [abstract]. Anticancer Res 1995;15(5A):1753. Shiao YH, Chen VW, Wu XC, Scheer WD, Lehmann HP, Malcom GT, Boudreau DA, Ruiz B, Correa P. Racial comparison of p53 alterations in breast cancer: difference in prognostic value. In Vivo 1996 Mar-Apr;10(2):169-73. Thomas PA, Raab SS, Lannin DR, Slagel DD, Silverman JF. Racial differences in breast cancer in a rural population: Comparison of cytologic nuclear grade, other prognostic factors, and outcomes for tumors diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Breast J 1998;4(2):104-11. Trock BJ. Breast cancer in African American women: epidemiology and tumor biology. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996;40(1):11-24. Return to table of contentsTumor StageAbernathy CM, Hedegaard H, Weger N. Screening for breast cancer detects tumours at an earlier biological stage (5). Br J Surg 1994;81(6):922. Amey CH, Miller MK, Albrecht SL. The role of race and residence in determining stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. J Rural Health 1997;13(2):99-108. Bentley JR, Delfino RJ, Taylor TH, Howe S, Anton-Culver H. Differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis between non-Hispanic white and Hispanic populations, San Diego County 1988-1993. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998;50(1):1-9. Breen N, Figueroa JB. Stage of breast and cervical cancer diagnosis in disadvantaged neighborhoods: a prevention policy perspective. Am J Prev Med 1996 Sep-Oct;12(5):319-26. Chen F, Trapido EJ, Davis K. Differences in stage at presentation of breast and gynecologic cancers among whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Cancer 1994 Jun 1;73(11):2838-42. Chen VW, Wu XC, Andrews PA, Fontham ET, Correa P. Advanced stage at diagnosis: an explanation for higher than expected cancer death rates in Louisiana? J La State Med Soc 1994 Apr;146(4):137-45. Chie WC, Chang KJ. Factors related to tumor size of breast cancer at treatment in Taiwan. Prev Med 1994 Jan;23(1):91-7. Chow LW, Ting AC, Cheung KL, Au GK, Alagaratnam TT. Current status of breast cancer in Hong Kong. Chin Med J (Engl) 1997 Jun;110(6):474-8. Dignam JJ, Redmond CK, Fisher B, Costantino JP, Edwards BK. Prognosis among African-American women and white women with lymph node negative breast carcinoma: findings from two randomized clinical trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP). Cancer 1997 Jul 1;80(1):80-90. Elledge RM, Clark GM, Chamness GC, Osborne CK. Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis in white, Hispanic, and Black women [abstract]. Breast Cancer Treat Res 1993;27(1-2):132. Garvican L, Littlejohns P. Comparison of prognostic and socio-economic factors in screen-detected and symptomatic cases of breast cancer. Public Health 1998 Jan;112(1):15-20. Guarner J, Valdivieso E, Quintana A, Frias M, Ramirez T. Ca 15.3 in breast cancer: comparison of two assays and validation in a Mexican population. Arch Med Res 1997 Winter;28(4):523-6. Hunter CP, Redmond CK, Chen VW, Austin DF, Greenberg RS, Correa P, Muss HB, Forman MR, Wesley MN, Blacklow RS, et al. Breast cancer: factors associated with stage at diagnosis in black and white women. Black/White Cancer Survival Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993 Jul 21;85(14):1129-37. Jones BA. Race differences in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer [dissertation]. New Haven (CT): Yale Univ.; 1993. Jones BA, Kasi SV, Curnen MG, Owens PH, Dubrow R. Severe obesity as an explanatory factor for the black/white difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1997 Sep 1;146(5):394-404. Jones BA, Kasl SV, Curnen MG, Owens PH, Dubrow R. Can mammography screening explain the race difference in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer? Cancer 1995 Apr 15;75(8):2103-13. Lannin DR, Mathews HF, Mitchell J, Swanson MS, Swanson FH, Edwards MS. Influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on racial differences in late-stage presentation of breast cancer. JAMA 1998 Jun 10;279(22):1801-7. Mandelblatt J, Andrews H, Kerner J, Zauber A, Burnett W. Determinants of late stage diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer: The impact of age, race, social class, and hospital type. Am J Public Health 1991;81(5):646-9. McCarthy EP, Burns RB, Coughlin SS, Freund KM, Rice J, Marwill SL, Ash A, Shwartz M, Moskowitz MA. Mammography use helps to explain differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis between older black and white women [see comments]. Ann Intern Med 1998 May 1;128(9):729-36. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1998 May 1;128(9):773-5. McDunn S, Mullai N, Shiomoto G. Reason for delay in diagnosis of breast cancer [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997;16:A263. Moormeier J. Racial differences in breast cancer clinical characteristics, biology, and treatment. Annual report. 1 Jul 94-30 Jun 95. Kansas City (MO): Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City; 1995 Jul 17. 14 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4413. Moormeier J. Racial differences in breast cancer clinical characteristics, biology, and treatment. Annual report. 1 Jul 95-30 Jun 96. Kansas City (MO): Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City; 1996 Jul. 14 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4413. Muss HB, Hunter CP, Wesley M, Correa P, Chen VW, Greenberg RS, Eley JW, Austin DF, Kurman R, Edwards BK. Treatment plans for black and white women with Stage II node-positive breast cancer: The National Cancer Institute Black/White Cancer Survival Study Experience. Cancer 1992;70(10):2460-7. Polednak AP, Flannery JT. Late-stage breast cancer in Connecticut's three largest cities. Conn Med 1994 May;58(5):261-4. Siegel R, Arena C, Blacklow B, Schwartz A. Survival of black women with stage i and stage ii breast cancer is inferior to survival among white women when treated in the same way at a single institution [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994;13:A75. Swanson GM, Lin CS. Survival patterns among younger women with breast cancer: the effects of age, race, stage, and treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1994;(16):69-77. Wells BL, Horm JW. Stage at diagnosis in breast cancer: Race and socioeconomic factors. Am J Public Health 1992;82(10):1383-5. Zaloznik A. Breast cancer stage at presentation: a comparison of four racial groups [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994;13:A162. Zaloznik AJ. Breast cancer stage at diagnosis: Caucasians versus Afro-Americans. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1995 Jun;34(3):195-8. Zaloznik AJ. Breast cancer stage at diagnosis: Caucasians versus Hispanics. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1997 Jan;42(2):121-4. Return to table of contentsOtherNair MK, Sankaranarayanan R, Nair KS, Amma NS, Varghese C, Padmakumari G, Cherian T. Overall survival from breast cancer in Kerala, India, in relation to menstrual, reproductive, and clinical factors. Cancer 1993 Mar 1;71(5):1791-6. Newman SC, Lees AW, Jenkins HJ. The effect of body mass index and oestrogen receptor level on survival of breast cancer patients. Int J Epidemiol 1997;26(3):484-90. Vilor M, Herrera L. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) expression in preinvasive and invasive breast lesions in african-americans [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994;13:A224. Return to table of contentsTreatmentAbeloff MD, Beveridge RA. Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer--the Consensus Development Conference revisited. Oncology (Huntingt) 1988 Apr;2(4):21-6, 29-33. Arnold RE, Frykberg ER, Kilkenny JW 3rd, Bowers GJ, Mierzejewski J. Trends in surgical treatment of breast cancer at an urban teaching hospital: a six-year review. Am Surg 1998 Feb;64(2):107-11. Bagley GP, McVearry K. Medicare coverage for oncology services. Cancer 1998 May 15;82(10 Suppl):1991-4. Beder JC. Social support and recovery: breast cancer in disadvantaged Black women [dissertation]. New York: Yeshiva Univ.; 1993. Berenberg JL. Response to treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1991 May;18 Suppl 1:S147-55. Busch E, Kemeny M, Fremgen A, Osteen RT, Winchester DP, Clive RE. Patterns of breast cancer care in the elderly. Cancer 1996 Jul 1;78(1):101-11. Chie WC, Chang KJ. Factors related to tumor size of breast cancer at treatment in Taiwan. Prev Med 1994 Jan;23(1):91-7. Demouy J, Person K, Ampil F, Burton G. Racial differences in breast fibrosis following lumpectomy and radiotherapy [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1997;38:A1660. Flaws JA, Bush TL. Racial differences in drug metabolism: an explanation for higher breast cancer mortality in blacks? Med Hypotheses 1998 Apr;50(4):327-9. Gordon C. The effect of cancer pain on quality of life in different ethnic groups: a literature review. Nurse Pract Forum 1997 Mar;8(1):5-13. Guidry JJ, Aday LA, Zhang D, Winn RJ. Transportation as a barrier to cancer treatment. Cancer Pract 1997 Nov-Dec;5(6):361-6. Guidry JJ, Greisinger A, Aday LA, Winn RJ, Vernon S, Throckmorton TA. Barriers to cancer treatment: a review of published research. Oncol Nurs Forum 1996 Oct;23(9):1393-8. Heimann R, Ferguson D, Powers C, Suri D, Weichselbaum RR, Hellman S. Race and clinical outcome in breast cancer in a series with long-term follow-up evaluation. J Clin Oncol 1997 Jun;15(6):2329-37. Hill GJ, Raina S, Klein K, Cook S, Pyatt G, Scarpa R, Gargiulo S, Nolan D, Rush BF Jr. Breast cancer in the inner city: problems in diagnosis, treatment and outcome [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1993;12:A126. Holden C. Koreans make gene-therapy debut. Science 1997;276(5315):1035. Kimmick G, Muss HB, Case LD, Stanley V. A comparison of treatment outcomes for black patients and white patients with metastatic breast cancer: The Piedmont Oncology Association experience. Cancer 1991;67(11):2850-4. Koinuma N. Cross-cultural differences in palliative care and medical decision-making from cure-oriented to palliative cancer care [abstract]. Paper presented at: 6th International Congress on Anti-Cancer Treatment; 1996 Feb 6-9; Paris. Lee MM, Wrensch MR. Choices breast cancer therapies in four ethnic groups. Annual report. 15 Aug 94-14 Aug 95. San Francisco: Univ. of California, San Francisco; 1995 Sep 12. 78 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4223. Lee MM, Wrensch MR. Choices breast cancer therapies in four ethnic groups. Final report. 15 Aug 94-14 Aug 96. San Francisco: Univ. of California; 1996 Sep. 21 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-94-J-4223. Mandelblatt J, Andrews H, Kao R, Wallace R, Kerner J. Impact of access and social context on breast cancer stage at diagnosis. J Health Care Poor Underserved 1995;6(3):342-51. McCarthy EP, Moskowitz M. Prior mammography utilization: does it explain Black-White differences in breast cancer outcomes. Annual report. 15 Apr 96-14 Apr 97. Boston (MA): Boston Univ.; 1997 May. 11 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-96-1-6011. Michalski TA, Nattinger AB. The influence of black race and socioeconomic status on the use of breast-conserving surgery for Medicare beneficiaries. Cancer 1997 Jan 15;79(2):314-9. Moormeier JA, Loftus LS, Essah P. Breast cancer primary treatment: a comparison of black and white women [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997;16:A473 . Moritz DJ, Satariano WA. Factors predicting stage of breast cancer at diagnosis in middle aged and elderly women: the role of living arrangements. J Clin Epidemiol 1993 May;46(5):443-54. Muss HB, Hunter CP, Wesley M, Correa P, Chen VW, Greenberg RS, Eley JW, Austin DF, Kurman R, Edwards BK. Treatment plans for black and white women with Stage II node-positive breast cancer: The National Cancer Institute Black/White Cancer Survival Study Experience. Cancer 1992;70(10):2460-7. Ohtsu T, Sasaki Y, Fujii H, Wakita H, Igarashi T, Itoh K, Imoto S, Abe K. The confusion associated with breast cancer chemotherapy in Japan: the first year's experience at the Division of Oncology and Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1995 Dec;25(6):267-72. Polednak AP. Predictors of breast-conserving surgery in Connecticut, 1990-1992. Ann Surg Oncol 1997 Apr-May;4(3):259-63. Richardson JL, Langholz B, Bernstein L, Burciaga C, Danley K, Ross RK. Stage and delay in breast cancer diagnosis by race, socioeconomic status, age and year. Br J Cancer 1992;65(6):922-6. Saavedra EL, Duryea E. Delays and refusals in treatment for breast cancer among Native American and Hispanic women with breast cancer. Annual report. 1 Aug 96-31 Jul 97. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico; 1997 Aug. 60 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; DAMD17-96-1-6191. Samet JM. Regional variation in cancer treatment and mortality. Executive summary and final report. 1 Apr 91-31 Jul 93. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico, Medical Center; 1993 Jul 31. 54 p. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; AHCPR-HS-06879. Simon MS, Chuba PJ. Age and racial differences in primary surgical and radiation therapy for localized breast cancer in the Detroit metropolitan area 1973-1992 [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997;16:A670. Simon MS, Severson RK. Racial differences in survival of female breast cancer in the Detroit metropolitan area. Cancer 1996 Jan 15;77(2):308-14. Tejeda HA, Green SB, Trimble EL, Ford L, High JL, Ungerleider RS, Friedman MA, Brawley OW. Representation of African-Americans, Hispanics, and whites in National Cancer Institute cancer treatment trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88(12):812-6. Trill MD, Holland J. Cross-cultural differences in the care of patients with cancer. A review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1993 Jan;15(1):21-30. Verhoog LC, Brekelmans CTM, Seynaeve C, Van den Bosch LMC, Dahmen G, Van Geel AN, Tilanus-Linthorst MMA, Bartels CCM, Wagner A, Van den Ouweland A, Devilee P, Meijers-Heijboer EJ, Klijn JGM. Survival and tumour characteristics of breast-cancer patients with germline mutations of BRCA1. Lancet 1998 Jan 31;351(9099):316-21. Walters JP. Outcome of stage I carcinoma of the breast at the University Hospital of the West Indies (1982-1988). West Indian Med J 1994 Dec;43(4):127-9. Wright SV. An investigation into the causes of absconding among black African breast cancer patients. S Afr Med J 1997 Nov;87(11):1540-3. Zheng T, Holford TR, Chen Y, Jones BA, Flannery J, Boyle P. Time trend of female breast carcinoma in situ by race and histology in Connecticut, USA. Eur J Cancer 1997 Jan;33(1):96-100. 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