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Aurora Australis (Southern Lights)
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Twenty spectacular slides taken by David Miller from Kangaroo Island, Southern Australia during intense solar activity. These wonderful pictures show breathtaking colors and forms of auroras, framed against landscapes and a backdrop of stars.
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Aurora and Other Lights Viewed from Space
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Auroras & Other Lights Viewed from Space is a set of 52 slides illustrating auroral variability and other nocturnal lights viewed from space. 35mm imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program taken between 1973 and 1977. B&W
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Behavior of Columns during Earthquakes
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Column failure is a primary cause of structure collapse in earthquakes. This set illustrates a variety of types of column failure, including: inadequate beam-to-column and slab-to-column connection, over stressed columns, and columns of unequal length.
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Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake, September 21, 1999
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At 1:47 AM local time, a magnitude MW 7.6 earthquake was felt throughout the island of Taiwan. A five county area, including the city of Taichung, experienced the greatest number of casualties and most severe damage. 2,405 deaths and 10,718 injuries were reported. As many as 82,000 housing units were damaged or destroyed, resulting in nearly 600,000 people being temporarily or permanently displaced from their homes.
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Crater Peak (Mt. Spurr), Alaska: Eruptions of 1992
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This set follows the story of Crater Peak activity from June through October 1992. It depicts precursors, the eruptions, and effects on the environment and the population.
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Duzce, Turkey Earthquake, November 12, 1999
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These slides show damage from the second major earthquake (7.2) to hit Kocaeli province, in northwestern Turkey, in four months. The epicenter is on the eastern fringe of the area affected by the Izmit earthquake that occurred in August and killed more than 17,000 people.
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Earthquake Damage - General
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This set provides an overview and summary of effects caused by eleven earthquakes in eight countries. The images depict surface faulting, landslides, soil liquefaction, and structural damage.
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Earthquake Damage in Mexico City, Mexico, September 19, 1985
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Pictures of different types of damaged buildings and the major kinds of structural failure that occurred in Mexico City, at a 350 km distance from the epicenter of a magnitude 8.1 earthquake. Effect of subsoils on earthshaking and building damage, is emphasized.
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Earthquake Damage in San Francisco, California, April 18, 1906
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The 1906 San Francisco magnitude 8.3 earthquake was the largest 20th century event to occur in the conterminous United States. This set includes a panoramic view of San Francisco in flames a few hours after the earthquake, damage scenes from the area, and other historic photographs. B&W
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Earthquake Damage to Schools
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The set graphically illustrates the potential danger that major earthquakes pose to school structures and occupants. It includes pictures from 1886 to 1988 of nine destructive earthquakes in the U.S. and eight earthquakes that occurred in foreign countries. B&W/Color
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Earthquake Damage to Transportation Systems
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A serious result of large-magnitude earthquakes is the disruption of transportation systems, inhibiting emergency response. These slides depict damage to transportation systems sorted by cause such as ground failure, faulting, vibration damage, and tsunamis. B&W/Color
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Earthquake Damage, Armenian SSR, December 7, 1988
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This magnitude 6.9 earthquake in northwestern Armenia was followed minutes later by a magnitude 5.8 aftershock. These photographs show damage in and around the devastated cities of Spitak and Leninakan.
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Earthquake Damage, Northern Iran, June 21,1990
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This unusually destructive magnitude 7.7 earthquake appeared to be multiple earthquakes occurring in rapid succession. This set depicts damage resulting from intensive ground motion and soil liquefaction, acting on unreinforced masonry, steel structures, and concrete buildings.
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Earthquakes in Central California, 1980-1984
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Slides showing earthquake damage from the following central California events: Livermore, 1980, Coalinga, 1983, and Morgan Hill, 1984. All of these earthquakes were greater than magnitude 5.8 or caused estimated damage in excess of 8 million dollars.
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Earthquakes in Southern California
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These slides show damage from the following Southern California earthquakes: Imperial Valley, 1979, Westmorland, 1981, Palm Springs, 1986, and Whittier, 1987. All of these earthquakes were greater than magnitude 5.9 or caused estimated damage in excess of one million dollars.
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El Quindio, Colombia Earthquake, January 25, 1999
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The El Quindio earthquake was one of the most destructive in Colombia in recent years because of three factors: the presence of faults, infill walls, and "soft" soils. This set depicts damage from the January event.
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Environmental Hazards and Mud Volcanoes in Romania
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Romanian researchers have a long tradition of studying the natural hazards, which disrupt their society. These slides show examples of landslides, rockfalls, sheet erosion, and mudflows.
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Erosional Landforms
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Dramatic views of erosional landforms sculpted by rivers, glaciers, and waves. Many of the locales include U.S. National Parks and Monuments.
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Eruption of Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980
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The Mount St. Helens eruption has afforded geologists a unique opportunity to learn about volcanoes. These slides not only include pictures of the eruption, but pre-eruption activity and post-eruption geomorphology.
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Faults
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Faults reveal information about crustal movements and earthquake size and recurrence intervals. This set describes fault types and mechanisms and their effects on natural and manmade features.
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Fire vs. Water: The Erosional & Depositional Geology of Hawaiian Islands
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The opposing forces of volcanism and erosion shape Hawaii's dramatic geology. This set shows constructional volcanic features and their subsequent erosion.
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Great Alaska Earthquake, Prince William Sound, March 28, 1964
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The Prince William Sound magnitude 8.4 earthquake was one of the largest ever on the North American Continent. These slides show geological changes, the effects of four major landslides triggered by the event, tsunami damage, and other damage to structures, transportation systems, and utilities.
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Great Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake, January 17, 1995
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The worst damage from this 6.9 magnitude earthquake occurred along a previously undetected fault, where many businesses and residences were located. This set shows damage in the downtown region and along the waterfront.
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Hawaii Volcanism: Impact on the Environment
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While not generally life-threatening, Hawaiian lava flows are highly destructive to populated and cultivated areas. This set depicts the impact on communities, vegetation, marine life, roads, and coastlines. It also shows the benefits including geothermal power, increased land area, and research opportunities.
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Hawaii Volcanism: Lava Forms
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Over the last several million years, the Hawaiian Islands were built of successive lava flows. These are the most recent additions to a long line of volcanoes trailing to the northwest. This set includes very colorful images of lava fountains, lakes, cascades, flows, spatter, and lava entry to the sea from recent eruptions.
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Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Tsunami, July 12, 1993
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Minutes after a magnitude 7.8 earthquake in the Sea of Japan, one of the largest tsunamis in Japan's history engulfed the coastline of Okushiri Island and the central west coast of Hokkaido. This set shows damage to ships, dwellings, and businesses, and clocks stopped by the tsunami.
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Izmit (Kocaeli) Turkey Earthquake, August 17, 1999: Coastal Effects
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At 3:02 a.m. local time, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurred near the Izmit Bay, Marmara Sea, Turkey. The images show slope failure, subsidence, slumping, and liquefaction. The resulting tsunami wreaked havoc on waterfront properties.
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Izmit (Kocaeli) Turkey Earthquake, August 17, 1999: Structural Damage
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The earthquake damaged buildings across seven provinces for a distance of 250 km. Casualties totaled 17,000 and additional thousands were missing and presumed dead. Injuries numbered 23,984 and an estimated 500,000 people were left homeless with 200,000 living on the streets. Damage estimates range from $10 billion to $40 billion.
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Landers and Big Bear, California Earthquakes, June 28, 1992
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The magnitude 7.6 earthquake near Landers, California was closely followed by a magnitude 6.7 near Big Bear. The two quakes were separated by 3 hours in time, 17 miles in distance, and 7,000 feet in elevation. This set depicts the terrain differences, structural damage, liquefaction, faulting, and resultant landslides.
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Landslides, Set 1
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The slopes above streams and rivers are subjected to processes that cause them to recede from the channel. These processes, collectively called mass wasting, are classified according to speed of movement and type of materials transported. This set depicts diverse types of mass wasting.
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Landslides, Set 2
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Expanding on the topics in Set 1, this set includes rockfalls, rock avalanches, mudflows, debris flows, slumps, creep, and sinkholes. Photos are from the western U.S., Puerto Rico, and Peru.
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Loma Prieta Earthquake, Part 1
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On October 17, 1989, a 7.1 magnitude earthquake occurred near Loma Prieta in the Santa Cruz Mountains. This set depicts earth cracks and structural damage in the more rural areas affected by the quake including Boulder Creek, Aptos, Los Gatos, San Jose, Scott's Valley, and Watsonville.
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Loma Prieta Earthquake, Part 2
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This set focuses on the effects of the earthquake (also known as the "San Francisco World Series Earthquake") in San Francisco and Oakland. It highlights the damage in the Marina District of San Francisco, Market Street, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, and the Nimitz Freeway.
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Major Tsunamis of 1992 - Nicaragua and Indonesia
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This set shows damage from the September, 1992 tsunami (waves 8-15 meters high) that struck Nicaragua's Pacific coast (6 slides) and the December, 1992 tsunami in the Flores region of Indonesia (14 slides).
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Mount Pinatubo Revisited: A Study of Lahar Erosion
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The 5 to 7 km3 of material deposited in the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo continues to threaten structures and lives in the form of debris flows (lahars) during heavy rainstorms. This set shows how the disaster that began at Pinatubo in 1991continues to threaten the population in the area.
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Northridge, California Earthquake, January 17, 1994, Set 1
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On January 17, 1994, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake near downtown Los Angeles caused extensive damage in the San Fernando and Simi Valleys, and in the northern part of the Los Angeles Basin. This set shows damage to structures in Northridge.
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Northridge, California Earthquake, January 17, 1994, Set 2
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The January 1994 magnitude 6.8 earthquake near Los Angeles took 57 lives and caused $10 billion in property damage. This set includes damaged structures in communities including Sylmar, Fillmore, Granada Hills, Reseda, Van Nuys, Sherman Oaks, Chatsworth, Santa Monica, and Los Angeles.
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San Fernando Valley California Earthquakes
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This set compares damage from the San Fernando (1971) and Northridge (1994) earthquakes. These two events, separated by 10 miles and 23 years, disproved the notion that once an earthquake has occurred, an area is safe from future earthquakes.
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Seismic Creep
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Seismic creep is the constant or periodic movement on a fault as contrasted with the sudden rupture associated with an earthquake. This set contains examples of creep from Hollister and Hayward, California. Several of the slides are split images of a location, comparing fault movement over the years.
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Shikotan, Kuril Islands Earthquake & Tsunami, October 4, 1994, Set 1
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This set shows damage from the magnitude 8.1 earthquake in the southern Kurils. Images include a newly-created landslide formation, ground cracks, structural damage, and effects of tsunami runup on Shikotan Island. A scientific overview of this event, written by a member of the international study team, is included.
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Shikotan, Kuril Islands Earthquake & Tsunami, October 4, 1994, Set 2
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This second set depicts much of the tsunami damage that occurred at Kuzhno-Kurilsk and Kunsashir Island. Tsunami heights ranged from 2.5-3.0 m. In the older part of town (fronted by a gentle beach) all houses were damaged by the wave that penetrated 200-500 m inland.
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Tropical Cyclones - 1995 Atlantic Hurricanes
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During the 1995 hurricane season, eleven tropical cyclones reached hurricane status, nearly double the average. A set of 22 slides with each slide displaying a storm in either visible or infrared wavelengths. Winds from Hurricane Opal reached 130 kt. All Tropical Cyclone sets include descriptions of storm damage and maps of the storm tracks. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1995 NW Pacific Typhoons
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Set of 23 slides showing 1995's 12 typhoons. The DMSP satellite's unique imagery supports study of the structure, magnitude, and location of storms. Each slide displays a storm in either visible or infrared wavelengths. Winds from Typhoon Angela exceeded 155 kt. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1996 Indian Ocean & SW Pacific
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40 slides show each of the 20 typhoon-class cyclones in thermal-infrared and visible wavelengths. Only one of these cyclones occurred north of the equator. Winds from Cyclones Bonita and Itelle exceeded 140 kt. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1996 NE Pacific & Atlantic Hurricanes
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1996 Northeast Pacific & Atlantic Hurricanes includes 26 slides which show the 13 hurricanes in thermal infrared and visible wavelengths. Five storms occurred in the Northeast Pacific and 8 in the North Atlantic.
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Tropical Cyclones - 1996 NW Pacific Typhoons
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42 slides show each of the 21 typhoons in thermal-infrared and visible wavelengths. Typhoon Dale, the most intense tropical storm of the year with winds exceeding 150 kt, is included in this set. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1997 Indian Ocean & SW Pacific
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40 images comprise this set of 20 storms of severe cyclone strength in the Indian and Southwest Pacific Oceans which occurred between January 2, 1997, and January 1, 1998. Each storm is displayed in thermal-infrared and visible wavelengths. Two cyclones, Poncho-Helinda and Gavin, had sustained winds of 128 kt. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1997 NE Pacific & Atlantic Hurricanes
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24 slides comprise this set of 12 Western Hemisphere hurricanes that occurred between July 5 and November 10, 1997. Hurricane Linda, estimated as the year's strongest hurricane in the eastern North Pacific Ocean with sustained winds reaching 160 kt, is included in this set. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1997 NW Pacific Typhoons
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42 images comprise this slide set of 21 Northwest Pacific storms of typhoon strength that occurred between April 11 and December 21, 1997. Each storm is displayed in both thermal-infrared and visible wavelengths. Four typhoons (Ivan, Joan, Keith, and Paka) all had sustained winds of 160 kt. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1998 Atlantic Hurricanes
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During 1998, 10 tropical storms reached hurricane strength in the Atlantic Ocean. 20 slides show hurricanes in both thermal-infrared and visible wavelengths. Hurricane Mitch had sustained winds of 168 kt and was responsible for over 9,000 deaths in Central America. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1998 Indian Ocean
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This set of 26 slides presents images of 13 tropical storms in thermal-infrared and visible wavelength. Cyclone 03A, the most intense cyclone to strike India in 25 years, caused the dislocation of over 15,000 people by damaging or destroying thousands of homes. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1998 NE Pacific Hurricanes
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18 images comprise this set of 9 tropical storms with each displayed in thermal-infrared and visible wavelenth. Hurricane Howard, estimated to be the strongest 1998 hurricane in the NE Pacific, reached a maximum wind speed of 130 kt. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1998 NW Pacific Typhoons
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This slide set shows satellite views of 9 NW Pacific Typhoons. 18 slides show each hurricane in both thermal-infrared and visible wavelengths. Winds from Typhoon Zeb reached 155 kt. B&W
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Tropical Cyclones - 1998 Southwest Pacific
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16 images show 8 cyclones in both thermal-infrared and visible wave-lengths. Cyclone Ron produced sustained winds of 155 kt. B&W
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Tsunamis - General
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Tsunami, a Japanese word meaning "harbor wave", is a series of water waves generated by sudden displacement of the ocean or other body of water. This set depicts advancing waves, harbor damage, and structural damage from seven tsunami events in the Pacific region since 1946, including before-and-after views of Scotch Cap Lighthouse (Aleutian Islands). B&W/Color
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Volcanic Rocks and Features
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Volcanoes are one of the more dramatic manifestations of the dynamic nature of Earth. The rocks and features formed in an eruption reveal a great deal about the process. Pictures show lava types, ash, cinders, bombs, necks, dikes, and sills.
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Volcanoes in Eruption, Set 1
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This slide set depicts explosive eruptions, lava fountains and flows, steam eruptions, and fissure eruptions from 19 volcanoes in 13 countries. Volcano types represented include: strato, cinder cone, complex, fissure vent, lava dome, shield, and island-forming. B&W/Color
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Volcanoes in Eruption, Set 2
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This set depicts ash clouds, fire fountains, lava flows, spatter cones, glowing avalanches, and steam eruptions from 18 volcanoes in 13 countries. Volcano types include: strato, cinder cone, basaltic shield, complex, and island forming. B&W/Color
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