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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Toluene Toxicity
Suggested Reading List


  1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2002. Case studies in environmental medicine: pediatric environmental health. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services. Available from URL: www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/pediatric/.
  2. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2001. Case studies in environmental medicine: taking an exposure history. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.
  3. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2000. Toxicological profile for toluene. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.
  4. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1993. Case studies in environmental medicine: reproductive and developmental hazards. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.
  5. Anonymous. 1996. Inhalant abuse (RE9609) [Policy statement]. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Substance Abuse and Committee on Native American Child Health. Pediatrics 97(3):420-3.
  6. Arnold GL, Wilkins-Haug L. 1990. Toluene embryopathy syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 47:A26.
  7. Cunningham SR, Dalzell GWN, McGirr P, Khan MM. 1987. Myocardial infarction and primary ventricular fibrillation after glue sniffing [Letter]. Br Med J 294:739-40.
  8. Filley CM, Heaton RK, Rosenberg NL. 1990. White matter dementia in chronic toluene abuse. Neurology 40:532-4.
  9. Goodwin TM. 1988. Toluene abuse and renal tubular acidosis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 71:715-8.
  10. Hersh J. 1989. Toluene embryopathy: two new cases. J Med Genet 26(5):333-7.
  11. Howell SR, Christian JE, Isom GE. 1986. The hepatotoxic potential of combined toluene-chronic ethanol exposure. Arch Toxicol 59:45-50.
  12. Kamran S, Bakshi R. 1998. MRI in chronic toluene abuse. Neuroradiology 40(8):519-21.
  13. Low LK, Meeks JR, Mackerer CR. 1988. Health effects of the alkylbenzenes: 1. toluene. Toxicol Ind Health 4(1):49-75.
  14. McDonald JC, Lavoie J, Cote R, McDonald AD. 1987. Chemical exposures at work in early pregnancy and congenital defect: a case-referent study. Br J Ind Med 44:527-33.
  15. Pearson MA, Hoyme HE, Seaver LH, Rimeza ME. 1994. Toluene embryopathy: delineation of the phenotype and the comparison with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Pediatrics 93:211-5.
  16. Press E, Done AK. Solvent sniffing. 1967. Physiological effects and community control measures for the intoxication from the intentional inhalation of organic solvents, I and II. Pediatrics 39:451, 611.
  17. Streicher HZ, Gabow PA, Moss AH, Kono D, Kaehny WD. 1981. Syndromes of toluene sniffing in adults. Ann Intern Med 94:758-62.
  18. Wallen M. 1986. Toxicokinetics of toluene in occupationally exposed volunteers. Scand J Work Environ Health 12:588-93.
  19. Will AM, McLaren EH. 1981. Reversible renal damage due to glue sniffing. Br Med J 283:525-6.
  20. Wilkins-Haug L, Gabow PA. 1991. Toluene abuse during pregnancy: obstetrics complications and perinatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol 77:505-9.
  21. Wiseman M, Banim S. 1987. "Glue sniffer's" heart? Br Med J 294:739.
  22. US Department of Commerce. Health assessment of toluene in California drinking water. Washington: US Department of Commerce; 1989 Mar 8.

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Revised 2001-02-28.