These papers present the prevelance and consequence of lower extremity injuries in frontal crashes in the United States. Injury criteria, risk curves and recommended injury assessment reference values for below knee injuries are also provided for use with the Thor-Lx/HIIIr and Thor-FLx/HIIIr.

• Lower Extremity Injuries and Associated Injury Criteria
  presented at the 17th International Technical Conference on the enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Amsterdam, 2001 . . . . [text version]
• Lower Extremity Response and Trauma Assessment using the Thor-Lx/HIIIr and the Denton Leg in Frontal Offset Vehicle Crashes
  presented at the 17th International Technical Conference on the enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Amsterdam, 2001 . . . . [text version]
  
• An Overview of Knee-Thigh-Hip Injuries in Frontal Crashes in the United States
  presented at the 18th International Technical Conference on the enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Nagoya, 2003 . . . . [text version]
  
  
• The Tolerance of the Human Hip to Dynamic Knee Loading
  Published in the Stapp Car Crash Journal, 46:211-228, 2002.
  
  
• Comparison of Knee/Femur Force-Deflection Response of thh Thor, Hybrid III, and Human Cadaver to Dynamic Frontal-Impact Knee Loading
  Presented at the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Nagoya, 2003.
• Injury Criteria for Side Impact Dummies
  FMVSS No. 214 NPRM docket: NHTSA-2004-17694 submission
  This report presents the development of injury criteria and associated risk curves for use with the ES-2re and SID-IIsFRG side impact dummies.

Response Corridors for the Human Surrogates in Lateral Impacts

• Techniques for Developing Child Dummy Protection Reference Values
  An electronic version of the docket submission #74-14 Notice 97 Item 069. This document summarizes the various child anthropomorphic dummies in use around the world, and makes recommendations for child dummy protection reference values for the Hybrid III 12-month old, 3-year-old, and 6-year-old dummies.
  
• Supplement: Development of Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II
  (208 Final Rule Docket: NHTSA-00-7013)
  
  In the SNPRM on advanced air bags, NHTSA proposed a comprehensive set of injury criteria for evaluating the potential for injury to the head, neck, chest and lower extremities for the various dummy sizes, ranging from the 1-year-old child to the 50th percentile male. This supplemental technical paper summarizes the comments received related to injury criteria, provides the agency's responses to the comments, and discusses the various performance limits implemented in the final rule.
  
  
• Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems - II
• Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems

Final Rule Nij (Version 10) Reference Implementation (Zipped EXE file)

*Self-extracting ZIP file: This code is a reference implementation of the Final Rule Nij (Version 10) injury criteria that was written for purposes of clarity and no consideration has been made for speed. style, or efficiency. The Standard C++ library was used to avoid any confusion due to c-style memory allocation.

Program Input: Three ascii x-y files, where each line of the input file contains two floating point values, one for the time and one for the y value

*** All three files must have the same number of points and the same time data ***
*** All input data must be unfiltered and will be filtered within this program ***

Program Output: The Nij injury criteria, the time of Peak injury.

Effects of Head Restraint Position on Neck Injury In Rear Impact

This paper was presented at the Traffic Safety and Auto Engineering Section of the Whiplash- Associated Disorders World Congress 7-11 February 1999, Vancouver, Canada