Social Science Methods for Marine Protected Areas

Tools

Surveys

What Is a Survey?

A standardized list of questions that may be administered formally or informally by mail, telephone, Internet, or in person to collect specific information from multiple individuals.

MPA Application

The application of a survey or use of survey techniques in an MPA may target a specific type of information that a manager may need to know when making program and policy decisions. It also can be a general way to get a better understanding of a community's attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs.

For example, some managers want to understand the distribution of use in an area in order to make decisions regarding resource management. A survey can be used in gathering the data needed to justify and explain resource decisions.

Another survey may want to find out how the public perceives the institutions that govern resource use. The information obtained from this type of survey can assist in the overall strategic goals and direction of an organization.

Expertise Needed

Technical assistance from a skilled survey designer is essential and will improve the usefulness of the responses. More informal surveys may not require the highest level of expertise; however, some skill is needed to enter and analyze data.

An expert should also be consulted to help determine the most appropriate survey type and sample methods based on the goals and resources available.

Advantages

Can reach moderate to large populations
Useful for collecting representative data
Has widespread credibility
Makes it possible to derive accurate generalizations about large populations from small samples, if administered properly

Limitations

Moderately time-consuming
Expensive
Impersonal
Response rates can be low due to technique and population
Does not always capture all elements

Case Studies

	The Importance of Communication in the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, Washington Improving compliance through observation and communication.

	Identifying and Understanding Users in Coiba National Park, Panama Conducting a survey to identify fishermen's behaviors and practices.

	MPA Perceptions by Small-Scale Fishermen in Sicily, Italy Using questionnaires to assess the perceptions of small-scale fishers toward marine reserves.

	Entrance Fees for Marine Sanctuaries in the Philippines Determining how many tourists are willing to pay to dive in areas where fishing is prohibited.

Additional Resources

Articles and Books

Rea, L. M. and R. A. Parker. 1997. Designing and Conducting Survey Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Web Sites

Survey Research
A discussion of types of surveys, methodology, and key terms related to survey research from Colorado State University. An in-depth bibliography is also included.

Brochures about Survey Research
A series of brochures developed by The American Statistical Association for the general public designed to promote a better understanding of what is involved in conducting surveys.

Coastal Services Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration