High-Risk Drinking in College: What We Know and What We Need To Learn
References
Abbey A. Acquaintance rape and alcohol consumption on college campuses: How are they linked?
Journal of American College Health 39(4):165–169, 1991.
Abbey A. Alcohol-related sexual assault: A common problem among college students. Journal of
Studies on Alcohol Supplement 14:118–128, 2002.
Abbey A, McAuslan P, Ross LT. Sexual assault perpetration by college men: The role of alcohol,
misperception of sexual intent, and sexual beliefs and experiences. Journal of Social and
Clinical Psychology 17(2):167–195, 1998.
Abbey A, Ross LT, McDuffie D, McAuslan P. Alcohol and dating risk factors for sexual assault
among college women. Psychology of Women Quarterly 20(1):147–169, 1996.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
Anderson PB, Mathieu DA. College students’ high-risk sexual behavior following alcohol
consumption. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy 22(4):259–264, 1996.
Arnold J, Kuh G. Brotherhood and the Bottle: A Cultural Analysis of the Role of Alcohol in
Fraternities. Bloomington, IN: Center for the Study of the College Fraternity, 1992.
Babor TF, Stephens RS, Marlatt AG. Verbal report methods in clinical research on alcoholism:
Response bias and its minimization. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 48(5):410–424, 1987.
Baer JS. Etiology and secondary prevention of alcohol problems with young adults. In: Baer JS,
Marlatt GM, McMahon RJ (eds), Addictive Behaviors Across the Life Span: Prevention, Treatment,
and Policy Issues, pp. 111–137. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1993.
Baer JS. Student factors: Understanding individual variation in college drinking. Journal of
Studies on Alcohol Supplement 14:40–53, 2002.
Baer PE, Garmezy LB, McLaughlin RJ, Pokorny AD, Wernick MJ. Stress, coping, family conflict, and
adolescent alcohol use. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 10:449–466, 1987.
Bailey CC, Kitchen I. Developmental responses to opioids reveal a lack of effect on
stress-induced corticosterone levels in neonatal rats. British Journal of Pharmacology
91:119–125, 1987.
Barnes GM. Impact of the family on adolescent drinking patterns. In: Collins RL, Leonard KE,
Searles JS (eds), Alcohol and the Family: Research and Clinical Perspectives, pp. 137–161.
New York: Guilford Press, 1990.
Berkowitz AD, Perkins HW. Recent research on gender differences in collegiate alcohol use.
Journal of American College Health 36:123–129, 1987.
Berman M, Gladue B, Taylor S. The effects of hormones, type A behavior patterns and provocation
on aggression in men. Motivation and Emotion 17:125–138, 1993.
Berman M, Tracy J, Coccaro E. The serotonin hypothesis of aggression revisited. Clinical
Psychology Review 17:651–665, 1997.
Borsari B, Carey K. Understanding fraternity drinking: Five recurring themes in the literature,
1980–1998. Journal of American College Health 48:30–37, 1999.
Boston G. Emory fraternities now cleaner, drier. Atlanta Constitution, Nov. 29, 1998.
Bowker LH. The relationship between sex, drugs, and sexual behavior on a college campus. Drug
Forum 7:69–80, 1979.
Brown SA, Tapert SF, Granholm E, Delis DC. Neurocognitive functioning of adolescents: Effects of
protracted alcohol use. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 24(2):164–171, 2000.
Bucholz KK. A review of correlates of alcohol use and alcohol problems in adolescence. In:
Galanter M (ed), Recent Developments in Alcoholism, Vol. 8. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.
Budoff C. At Rutgers, fraternities put an end to big wild parties. New York Times, March
8, 1998, p. 7.
Buelow G, Koeppel J. Psychological consequences of alcohol induced blackout among college
students. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education 40(3):10–20, 1995.
Burke T. The Dartmouth decision: The end of another Greek system. Fraternal Law 68:1–4,
1999.
Bushman B, Cooper H. Effects of alcohol on human aggression: An integrative research review.
Psychological Bulletin 107(3):341–354, 1990.
Campbell DT, Stanley JC. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research.
Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Company, 1963.
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. A Classification of Institutions of
Higher Education. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1994.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment of Adolescents with Substance Abuse Problems.
Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 32. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3283.
Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth risk behavior surveillance: National College
Health Risk Behavior Survey–United States 1995. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
46(SS6):1–56, 1997.
Chaloupka FJ. The effects of price on alcohol related problems. Alcohol Health and Research
World 17(1):46–53, 1993.
Chaloupka FJ, Grossman M, Saffer H. The effects of price on the consequences of alcohol use and
abuse. In: Galanter M (ed), Recent Developments in Alcoholism. New York: Plenum Press,
1998.
Chaloupka FJ, Wechsler H. Binge drinking in college: The impact of price, availability, and
alcohol control policies. Contemporary Economic Policy 14:112–124, 1996.
Chassin L, DeLucia C. Drinking during adolescence. Alcohol Health and Research World
20(3):175–180, 1996.
Chermack S, Giancola P. The relationship between alcohol and aggression: An integrated
biopsychosocial approach. Clinical Psychology Review 6:621–649, 1997.
Chronicle of Higher Education Almanac 1998–1999. 45(1):18, 1998.
Chronicle of Higher Education Almanac 1999–2000. 46(1):24, 1999.
Clapp JD, Shillington AM, Segars LB. Deconstructing contexts of binge drinking among college
students. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 26(1):139–154, 2000.
Cohen A. Battle of the binge. Time, Sept. 8, 1997, pp. 54–56.
Cook TD, Campbell DT. Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis for Field Settings.
Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Company, 1979.
Cooper ML. Alcohol use and risky sexual behavior among college students and youth: Evaluating the
evidence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement 14:101–117, 2002.
Cooper ML, Frone MR, Russell M, Mudar P. Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions: A
motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
69:990–1005, 1995.
Cooper ML, Orcutt HK. Alcohol use, condom use, and partner type among heterosexual adolescents
and young adults. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 61(3):413–419, 2000.
Cooper ML, Peirce RS, Huselid RF. Substance use and sexual risk taking among black adolescents
and white adolescents. Health Psychology 13(3):251–262, 1994.
Cooper ML, Shapiro CM, Powers AM. Motivations for sex and sexual behavior among adolescents and
young adults: A functional perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
75:1528–1558, 1998.
Copenhaver S, Grauerholz E. Sexual victimization among sorority women: Exploring the links
between sexual violence and institutional practices. Sex Roles 24:31–41, 1991.
Curran PJ, Stice E, Chassin L. The relation between adolescent alcohol use and peer alcohol use:
A longitudinal random coefficients model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
65:130–140, 1997.
DeBellis MD, Clark DB, Beers SR, Soloff PH, Boring AM, Hall J, Kersh A, Keshavan MS. Hippocampal
volume in adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry
157(5):737–744, 2000.
DeJong W. What campus-community coalitions can accomplish. Catalyst 3(1): Fall 1997.
[http://www.edc.org/hec/pubs/catalyst8.html].
DeJong W. What college presidents can do about student drinking. About Campus,
July–August:12–17, 1998.
DeJong W, Langenbahn S. Setting and Improving Policies for Reducing Alcohol and Other Drug
Problems on Campus: A Campus Guide for School Administrators. Pub. No. ED/OPE 95-20. Newton,
MA: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1995.
Delk EW, Meilman PW. Alcohol use among college students in Scotland compared with norms from the
United States. Journal of American College Health 44:274–281, 1996.
Deykin EY, Levy JC, Wells V. Adolescent depression, alcohol and drug abuse. American Journal
of Public Health 77:178–182, 1987.
Douglas KA, Collins JL, Warren C, Kann L, Gold R, Clayton S, Ross JG, Kolbe LJ. Results from the
1995 national college health risk behavior survey. College Health 46(2):55–66, 1997.
Dowdall GW, Crawford M, Wechsler H. Binge drinking among American college women. A comparison of
single-sex and coeducational institutions. Psychology of Women Quarterly 22(4):705–715,
1998.
Dowdall GW, Logio K, Babbie E, Halley F. Adventures in Criminal Justice Research, Revised
Edition: Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows 95, Versions 7.5, 8.0 or Higher. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Pine Forge Press, 1999.
Dowdall GW, Wechsler H. Studying college alcohol use: Widening the lens, sharpening the focus.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement 14:14–22, 2002.
Edwards G. The alcohol dependence syndrome: A concept as stimulus to enquiry. British Journal
of Addiction 81:171–183, 1986.
Edwards G, Gross, MM. Alcohol dependence: Provisional description of a clinical syndrome.
British Medical Journal 1:1058–1061, 1976.
Engs RC, Aldo-Benson M. The association of alcohol consumption with self-reported illness in
university students. Psychological Reports 76(3):727–736, 1995.
Engs RC, Diebold BA, Hanson DJ. The drinking patterns and problems of a national sample of
college students, 1994. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education 41(3):13–33, 1996.
Engs RC, Hanson DJ. The drinking patterns and problems of college students. Journal of Alcohol
and Drug Education 31:65–83, 1983.
Engs RC, Hanson DJ. Boozing and brawling on campus: A national study of violent problems
associated with drinking over the past decade. Journal of Criminal Justice 22(2):171–189,
1994.
Final Report of the Panel on Prevention and Treatment. How to reduce high-risk college drinking:
Use proven strategies, fill research gaps. Prepared for the Task Force on College Drinking,
National Advisory Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 2002.
Fromme K, Ruella A. Mediators and moderators of young adults’ drinking. Addiction
89:63–71, 1994.
Giancola PR. Alcohol-related aggression during the college years: Theories, risk factors and
policy implications. Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement 14:129–139, 2002.
Gidycz CA, Coble CN, Latham L, Layman MJ. Sexual assault experience in adulthood and prior
victimization experiences: A prospective analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly
17:151–168, 1993.
Greene DM, Navarro RL. Situation-specific assertiveness in the epidemiology of sexual
victimization among university women: A prospective path analysis. Psychology of Women
Quarterly 22:589–604, 1998.
Gruenewald P. The elephant in the room. Prevention File Winter:17–20, 1999.
Gulland E. Developing Effective and Legally Sound Alcohol Policies. Washington, DC:
National Association of College and University Business Officers, 1994.
Harrington NT, Leitenberg H. Relationship between alcohol consumption and victim behaviors
immediately preceding sexual aggression by an acquaintance. Violence and Victims 9:315–324,
1994.
Harris TR, Wilsnack RW, Klassen, AD. Reliability of retrospective self-reports of alcohol
consumption among women: Data from a U.S. national sample. Journal of Studies on Alcohol
55:309–314, 1994.
Himelein MJ. Risk factors for sexual victimization in dating: A longitudinal study of college
women. Psychology of Women Quarterly 19:31–48, 1995.
Hingson RW, Heeren T, Zakocs RC, Kopstein A, Wechsler H. Magnitude of alcohol-related mortality
and morbidity among U.S. college students ages 18–24. Journal of Studies on Alcohol
63(2):136–144, 2002.
Holder HD, Gruenewald PJ, Ponicki WR, Treno AJ, Grube JW, Saltz RF, Voas RB, Reynolds R, Davis J,
Sanchez L, Gaumont G, Roeper P. Effect of community-based interventions on high-risk drinking and
alcohol-related injuries. Journal of the American Medical Association 284(18):2341–2347,
2000.
Hong OT, Isralowitz RE. Cross-cultural study of alcohol behaviour among Singapore college
students. British Journal of Addiction 84:319–321, 1989.
Hurlbut SC, Sher KJ. Assessing alcohol problems in college students. Journal of American
College Health 41(2):49–58, 1992.
Jacob T, Leonard K. Family and peer influences in the development of adolescent alcohol abuse.
In: Zucker R (ed), The Development of Alcohol Problems: Exploring the Biopsychosocial Matrix of
Risk. Research Monograph No. 26. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
1994.
Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug
Use, 1975–2000. Volume I: Secondary School Students. NIH Publication No. 01-4924.
Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2001a.
Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug
Use, 1975–2000. Volume II: College Students and Young Adults. NIH Publication No.
01-4925. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2001b.
Kandel DB. Processes of peer influences in adolescence. In: Silbereisen RK (ed), Development
as Action in Context. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.
King JE. Too many students are holding jobs for too many hours. Chronicle of Higher Education
44(34):A72, May 1, 1998.
Klein H. Helping the college student problem drinker. Journal of College Student Development
30:323–331, 1989.
Knight JR, Wechsler H, Kuo M, Seibring M, Weitzman ER, Schuckit MA. Alcohol abuse and dependence
among U.S. college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 2002, in press.
Koss MP. The underdetection of rape: Methodological choices influence incidence estimates.
Journal of Social Issues 48:61–76, 1992.
Koss MP, Gidycz CA, Wisniewski N. The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual
aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55(2):162–170, 1987.
Kushner MG, Sher KJ, Wood MD, Wood PK. Anxiety and drinking behaviors: Moderating effects of
tension-reduction alcohol outcome expectancies. Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research
18(4):852–860, 1994.
Lang AR. The social psychology of drinking and human sexuality. Journal of Drug Issues
15:273–289, 1985.
Larson MJ, Buckley JC, Elliott EA. Data Collections on Key Indicators for Policy: Alcohol,
Illicit Drugs, and Tobacco. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 1995.
Leadley K, Greenfield T. A cross-national comparison of German and American young adults’
drinking patterns and alcohol problems: Results from 1995 national alcohol surveys. Poster
presented at Research Society on Alcoholism Convention, Santa Barbara, CA, June 1999.
Leichliter JS, Meilman PW, Presley CA, Cashin JR. Alcohol use and related consequences among
students with varying levels of involvement in college athletics. Journal of American College
Health 46(6):257–262, 1998.
Levy D, Stewart K, Wilbur P. Costs of underage drinking. Paper presented at the Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention National Leadership Conference, Reston, VA, July 1999.
Lo CC. Are women heavier drinkers than we thought they were? Journal of Studies on Alcohol
57:531–535, 1996.
Lo CC, Globetti G. Partial analysis of the campus influence on drinking behavior: Students who
enter college as non-drinkers. Journal of Drug Issues 23(4):715–725, 1993.
Maggs JL. Alcohol use and binge drinking as goal-directed action during the transition to
post-secondary education. In: Schulenberg J, Maggs JL, Hurrelmann K (eds), Health Risks and
Developmental Transitions During Adolescence, pp. 345–371. New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1997.
Mara JR. The view from the president’s office: The leadership of change. Paper prepared for the
Panel on Prevention and Treatment, National Advisory Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,
Bethesda, MD, 2000.
Mayfield D, McLeod G, Hall P. The CAGE questionnaire: Validation of a new alcoholism screening
instrument. American Journal of Psychiatry 131:1121–1123, 1974.
McGue M. Behavioral genetic models of alcoholism and drinking. In: Leonard KE, Blane HT (eds),
Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism, 2nd ed, pp. 372–421. New York: Guilford
Press, 1999.
Meaney MJ, Sapolsky RM, McEwen BS. The development of the glucocorticoid receptor system in the
rat limbic brain. I. Ontogeny and autoregulation. Brain Research 18:159–164, 1985.
Meilman PW. Alcohol-induced sexual behavior on campus. Journal of American College Health
42:27–31, 1993.
Meilman PW, Leichliter JS, Presley CA. Greeks and athletes: Who drinks more? Journal of
American College Health 47(4):187–190, 1999.
Meilman PW, Presley CA, Cashin JR. The sober life at the historically black colleges. Journal
of Blacks in Higher Education 9:98–100, 1995.
Meilman PW, Presley CA, Lyerla R. Black college students and binge drinking. Journal of Blacks
in Higher Education 8:70–71, 1994.
Midanik LT. Validity of self-reported alcohol use: A literature review and assessment. British
Journal of Addiction 83(9):1019–1030, 1988.
Miller B, Marshall JC. Coercive sex on the university campus. Journal of College Student
Personnel 28:38–47, 1987.
Muehlenhard CL, Linton MA. Date rape and sexual aggression in dating situations: Incidence and
risk factors. Journal of Counseling Psychology 34(2):186–196, 1987.
Murnen SK, Perot A, Byrne D. Coping with unwanted sexual activity: Normative responses,
situational determinants, and individual differences. Journal of Sex Research 26:85–106,
1989.
Murphy C, Ly P. Underage students still have easy access to bars, and experts decry a ‘culture of
alcohol’. Washington Post, Mar. 12, 2000, p. C-1.
Murphy C, Trejos N. Athletes hire lawyer after student dies; 2 Georgetown soccer players were
present at campus fight. Washington Post, Feb. 25, 2000, pp. B-1, B-5.
Murphy S. So what is an administrator to do? Paper prepared for the Task Force on College
Drinking, National Advisory Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 2000.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic Safety Facts 1998—Young Drivers.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, 2000.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Assessing Alcohol Problems: A Guide for
Clinicians and Researchers. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,
1995.
National On-Campus Report. 20(18):5, Sept. 15, 1992.
Nelson TF, Wechsler H. Alcohol and college athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and
Exercise 33(1):43–47, 2001.
Newcomb MD. Drug use in intimate relationships among women and men: Separating specific from
general effects in prospective data using structural equation models. Journal of Consulting and
Clinical Psychology 62:463–476, 1994.
Newlin DB, Thomson JB. Alcohol challenge with sons of alcoholics: A critical review and analysis.
Psychological Bulletin 108:383–402, 1990.
Newman IM, Crawford JK, Nellis MJ. The role and function of drinking games in a university
community. Journal of American College Health 39(4):171–175, 1991.
Norris J, Nurius PS, Gaylord JE. Alcohol’s relationship to recognizing and resisting sexual
aggression. Paper presented at the 13th World Meeting of the International Society for Research on
Aggression, Mahwah, NJ, July 12–17, 1998. Abstract, Aggressive Behavior 25(1), 1999.
O’Hare TM. Drinking in college: Consumption patterns, problems, sex differences and legal
drinking age. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 5(6)1:536–541, 1990.
O’Malley PM, Johnston LD. Epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use among American college
students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement 14:23–39, 2002.
Perkins HW. Gender patterns in consequences of collegiate alcohol abuse: A 10-year study of
trends in an under-graduate population. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 53(5):458–462, 1992.
Perkins HW. Surveying the damage: A review of research on consequences of alcohol misuse in
college populations. Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement 14:91–100, 2002.
Pittayathikhun T, Ku R, Rigby D, Mattson M, DeJong W. Complying with the Drug Free Schools and
Campuses Regulations: A Guide for University and College Administrators. Newton, MA: Higher
Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1997.
Pohorecky LA. Stress and alcohol interaction: An update of human research. Alcohol Clinical
Experience Research 15:438–459, 1991.
Presidents Leadership Group. Be Vocal, Be Visible, Be Visionary: Recommendations for College
and University Presidents on Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention. Newton, MA: Higher Education
Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1997.
Presley CA, Leichliter MA, Meilman PW. Alcohol and Drugs on American College Campuses: A
Report to College Presidents: Third in a Series, 1995, 1996, 1997. Carbondale, IL: Core
Institute, Southern Illinois University, 1998.
Presley CA, Meilman PW, Cashin JR. Alcohol and Drugs on American College Campuses: Use,
Consequences, and Perceptions of the Campus Environment, Vol. IV: 1992–1994. Carbondale, IL:
Core Institute, Southern Illinois University, 1996a.
Presley CA, Meilman PW, Cashin JR, Leichliter JS. Alcohol and Drugs on American College
Campuses: Issues of Violence and Harassment. Carbondale, IL: Core Institute, Southern Illinois
University, 1997.
Presley CA, Meilman PW, Cashin JR, Lyerla R. Alcohol and Drugs on American College Campuses:
Use, Consequences, and Perceptions of the Campus Environment, Vol. III: 1991–1993. Carbondale,
IL: Core Institute, Southern Illinois University, 1996b.
Presley CA, Meilman PW, Leichliter JS. College factors that influence drinking. Journal of
Studies on Alcohol Supplement 14:82–90, 2002.
Presley CA, Meilman PW, Lyerla R. Alcohol and Drugs on American College Campuses: Use,
Consequences, and Perceptions of the Campus Environment. Vol. I: 1989–1991. Carbondale, IL:
Core Institute, Southern Illinois University, 1993.
Presley CA, Meilman PW, Lyerla R. Alcohol and Drugs on American College Campuses: Use,
Consequences, and Perceptions of the Campus Environment. Vol. II: 1990–1992. Carbondale, IL:
Core Institute, Southern Illinois University, 1995.
Ramaley JA, Olson J. Adrenal function in rats given PMS before puberty: Response to ether stress.
Neuroendocrinology 14:1–13, 1974.
Report of the Attorney General’s Task Force on Drinking by College Students. Richmond, VA: Office
of the Attorney General, 1998.
Rivier C. Effect of the age of the rat and the duration of the stimulus on stress-induced ACTH
secretion. In: Weiner H, Florin I, Murison R, Hellhammer D (eds), Frontiers of Stress Research,
pp. 223–232. Toronto: Hans Huber Publishers, 1989.
Roizen J. Issues in the epidemiology of alcohol and violence. In: Martin S (ed), Alcohol and
Interpersonal Violence: Fostering Multidisciplinary Perspectives, pp. 3–36. NIAAA Research
Monograph No. 24. NIH Publication No. 93–3496. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, 1993.
Ryan B, DeJong W. Making the Link: Faculty and Prevention. Newton, MA: Higher Education
Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1998.
Sarvela PD, Taylor EL, Drolet JC, Newcomb PR. Indicators of drinking and driving among university
students. Health Education 19(5):72–77, 1988.
Sax LJ, Astin AW, Korn WS, Mahoney KM. The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 1999.
Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA, 1999.
Schroeder C. Battling the alcohol culture on campus. About Campus July-Aug.:12–18, 1999.
Schuckit MA. Biological, psychological, and environmental predictors of alcoholism risk: A
longitudinal study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 59:485–494, 1998.
Schulenberg JE, Maggs JL. A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during
adolescence and the transition to young adulthood. Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement
14:54–70, 2002.
Schulenberg J, Wadsworth KN, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Johnston LD. Adolescent risk factors for
binge drinking during the transition to young adulthood: Variable- and pattern-centered approaches
to change. Developmental Psychology 32:659–674, 1996.
Selzer MJ. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: The quest for a new diagnostic instrument.
American Journal of Psychiatry 127:1653–1658, 1971.
Sher KJ. Children of Alcoholics: A Critical Appraisal of Theory and Research. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Sher KJ, Bartholow BD, Nanda S. Short- and long-term effects of fraternity and sorority
membership on heavy drinking: A social norms perspective. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
15(1):42–51, 2001.
Sher KJ, Trull TJ, Bartholow BD, Vieth A. Personality and alcoholism: Issues, methods, and
etiological processes. In: Blane H, Leonard K (eds), Psychological Theories of Drinking and
Alcoholism, pp. 54–105. New York: Guilford Press, 1999.
Spear LP. The adolescent brain and the college drinker: Biological basis of propensity to use and
misuse alcohol. Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement 14:71–81, 2002.
Spear LP, Shalaby IA, Brick J. Chronic administration of haloperidol during development:
Behavioral and psychopharmacological effects. Psychopharmacology 70:47–58, 1980.
Steele CM, Josephs RA. Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects. American Psychologist
45(8):921–933, 1992.
Straus R, Bacon S. Drinking in College. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953.
Tapert SF, Brown SA. Neuropsychological correlates of adolescent substance abuse. Journal of
International Neuropsychological Society 5(6):481–493, 1999.
Tschann JM, Adler NE, Irwin CE Jr, Millstein SG, Turner RA, Kegeles SM. Initiation of substance
use in early adolescence: The roles of pubertal timing and emotional distress. Health
Psychology 12:326–333, 1994.
Tyler KA, Hoyt DR, Whitbeck LB. Coercive sexual strategies. Violence and Victims 13:47–61,
1998.
Ullman SE, Karabatsos G, Koss MP. Alcohol and sexual assault in a national sample of college
women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 14(6):603–625, 1999.
United Educators Insurance Risk Retention Group, Inc. Alcohol and liability: What kind of policy.
Reason and Risks 1(1):1–7, 1993.
Upcraft ML. Teaching and today’s college students. In: Menges RJ, Weimer M, et al. Teaching on
Solid Ground: Using Scholarship to Improve Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1994.
Upcraft ML. Today’s first-year students and alcohol. Paper prepared for the Task Force on College
Drinking, National Advisory Council on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 2000.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010, conference edition,
Vol. II, pp. 26–29. Washington, DC: USDHHS, 2000.
Vaillant GE. A long-term follow-up of male alcohol use. Archives of General Psychiatry
53:243–249, 1996.
Volavka J. Neurobiology of Violence. Washington, DC: APA Press, 1995.
Walker CD, Perrin M, Vale W, Rivier C. Ontogeny of the stress response in the rat: Role of the
pituitary and the hypothalamus. Endocrinology 118:1445–1451, 1986.
Walker ER, Baum KM, Diforio D. Developmental changes in behavioral expression of vulnerability
for schizophrenia. In: Lenzenweger MF, Dworkin RH (eds), Origins and Development of
Schizophrenia: Advances in Experimental Psychopathology, pp. 469–491. Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association, 1998.
Wechsler H, Davenport AE, Dowdall GW, Grossman SJ, Zanakos SI. Binge drinking, tobacco, and
illicit drug use and involvement in college athletics. A survey of students at 140 American
colleges. Journal of American College Health 45:195–200, 1997a.
Wechsler H, Davenport A, Dowdall G, Moeykens B, Castillo S. Health and behavioral consequences of
binge drinking at colleges: A national survey of students at 140 campuses. Journal of the
American Medical Association 272(21):672–1677, 1994.
Wechsler H, Dowdall GW, Davenport A, Castillo S. Correlates of college student binge drinking.
American Journal of Public Health 85(7):921–926, 1995a.
Wechsler H, Dowdall GW, Davenport A, Rimm EB. A gender-specific measure of binge drinking among
college students. American Journal of Public Health 85(7):982–985, 1995b.
Wechsler H, Dowdall GW, Maenner G, Gledhill-Hoyt J, Lee H. Changes in binge drinking and related
problems among American college students between 1993 and 1997. Results of the Harvard School of
Public Health College Alcohol Study. Journal of American College Health 47(2):57–68, 1998.
Wechsler H, Fulop M, Padilla A, Lee H, Patrick K. Binge drinking among college students: A
comparison of California with other states. Journal of American College Health 45:273–277,
1997b.
Wechsler H, Isaac N. “Binge” drinkers in Massachusetts colleges: Prevalence, drinking style, time
trends, and associated problems. Journal of the American Medical Association
267(21):2929–2931, 1992.
Wechsler H, Kuh G, Davenport AE. Fraternities, sororities and binge drinking: Results from a
national study of American colleges. NASPA Journal 33(4):260–279, 1996.
Wechsler H, Kuo M, Lee H, Dowdall GW. Environmental correlates of underage alcohol use and
related problems of college students. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19(1):24–29,
2000a.
Wechsler H, Lee JE, Gledhill-Hoyt J, Nelson TF. Alcohol use and problems at colleges banning
alcohol: Results of a national survey. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 62(2):133-141, 2001a.
Wechsler H, Lee JE, Kuo M, Lee H. College binge drinking in the 1990s: A continuing problem.
Results of the Harvard School of Public Health 1999 College Alcohol Survey. Journal of American
College Health 48(5):199–210, 2000b.
Wechsler H, Lee JE, Nelson TF, Lee H. Drinking levels, alcohol problems and secondhand effects in
substance-free college residences: Results of a national study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol
62(1):23–31, 2001b.
Wechsler H, Moeykens B, Davenport A, Castillo S, Hansen J. The adverse impact of heavy episodic
drinkers on other college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 56(6):628–634, 1995c.
Wechsler H, Molnar BE, Davenport AE, Baer JS. College alcohol use: A full or empty glass?
Journal of American College Health 47:247–252, 1999.
Wechsler H, Nelson TF. Binge drinking and the American college student: What’s five drinks?
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 15(4):287–291, 2001.
Wechsler H, Nelson TF, Weitzman E. From knowledge to action: How Harvard’s College Alcohol Study
can help your campus design a campaign against student alcohol abuse. Change 32(1):38–43,
2000c.
Weitzman ER, Kawachi I. Giving means receiving: The protective effects of social capital on binge
drinking on college campuses. American Journal of Public Health 90:1936–1939, 2000.
Weitzman ER, Wechsler H. Alcohol use, abuse and related problems among children of problem
drinkers. Findings from a national survey of college alcohol use. Journal of Nervous and Mental
Disease 188(3):148–154, 2000.
Werner MJ, Greene JW. Problem drinking among college freshmen. Journal of Adolescent Health
13:487–492, 1992.
White AR, Labouvie EW. Towards the assessment of adolescent problem drinking. Journal of
Studies on Alcohol 50:30–37, 1989.
Williams L. Waging peace on fraternities. About Campus Nov.–Dec.:24–26, 1996.
Wills TA. Stress and coping in early adolescence: Relationships to substance use in urban school
samples. Health Psychology 5:503–529, 1986.
Wilsnack SC. Drinking, sexuality, and sexual dysfunction in women. In: Wilsnack SC, Beckman LJ
(eds), Alcohol Problems in Women, pp. 189–227. New York: Guilford, 1984.
Wilsnack SC, Vogeltanz ND, Klassen AD, Harris TR. Childhood sexual abuse and women’s substance
abuse: National survey findings. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 58:264–271, 1997.
Wood MD, Natoshi CT, Dennis DA. Alcohol norms and expectations as predictors of alcohol use and
problems in a college student sample. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
18(4):461–476, 1992.
Wood MD, Sher KJ, McGowan AK. Collegiate alcohol involvement and role attainment in early
adulthood: Findings from a prospective high-risk study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol
61(2):278–289, 2000.
Wood MD, Vinson DC, Sher KJ. Alcohol use and misuse. In: Baum A, Revenson T, Singer J (eds),
Handbook of Health Psychology, 3rd ed, pp. 281–318. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 2001.
Wood PK, Sher KJ, Erickson DJ, DeBord KA. Predicting academic problems in college from freshman
alcohol involvement. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 58:200–210, 1997.
