This annotated literature list provides sources for further reading about framework-related topics. Although there are myriad publications related to these topics, the ones selected here represent some of the best sources for establishing a basic understanding of these issues. Within each category, publications are listed in order from general to specific, or primary to secondary.

NSDI and Framework

A Data Foundation for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. 1995, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. A discussion of the need for the NSDI Framework.

Toward a Coordinated Spatial Data Infrastructure for the Nation. 1993, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

Framework Data Sets for the NSDI (December 2 draft). 1994, S.J. Frank, M.F. Goodchild, H.J. Onsrud, and J.M. Pinto, National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis.

Geographic Data Sharing and GIS Partnerships

Sharing Geographic Information. 1995, Harlan J. Onsrud and Gerard Rushton, editors, Rutgers, Center for Urban Policy Research, New Brunswick, NJ. A publication resulting from a 1992 National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis specialists' meeting. The book covers many organizational, operational, economic, and legal issues concerning geographic data access and sharing. Each chapter is written by a different author and addresses a different issue. The concluding section of the book summarizes the issues and discusses research directions.

Promoting the National Spatial Data Infrastructure Through Partnerships. 1994, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.

Geographic Data Standards

"Federal Geographic Data Committee Continues Quest for National Data Sharing Standards," Geo Info Systems, October 1996: pp. 34-38, Richard Hogan and Denise Perreca.

Annotated Bibliography: Concepts, Issues, and Developments on GIS-Related Standards. 1994, Standards Committee of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (Peter Crosswell, editor), Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, Washington, DC.

"Standards to Support the National Spatial Data Infrastructure," ACM Standard View, 2(1994): pp. 143-147, Nancy Tosta.

GIS Reference Materials

Books are often the best resources for background information, although they tend to become outdated relatively quickly with regard to technology and some of its implementation techniques. Periodicals are usually the best sources for current information. The books listed below are in order progressing from general to specific. The periodicals and conference proceedings are in alphabetical order.

Books

Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. 1997, Michael N. DeMers, John Wiley & Sons, New York. A good introductory text that explains the basic components and functions of GIS, as well as some basic design issues.

Geographic Information Systems: Principles and Applications. 1991, D. Maguire et al., editors, Longman Group UK (copublished in the United States and Canada with John Wiley & Sons New York). A two-volume reference source. Basic principles and components of GIS are covered in volume 1 and applications are discussed in volume 2. Each chapter is written in a stand-alone manner by a different author. This enables the reader to use individual chapters alone for background on a specific topic.

GIS: A Visual Approach. 1996, Bruce Davis, Onward Press, Santa Fe, NM. Provides simple explanations of GIS concepts and terminology.

Implementation of Land Information Systems in Local Government: Steps Towards Land Records Modernization in Wisconsin. 1991, Stephen J. Ventura, Wisconsin State Cartographer's Office, Madison, WI. An overview of the technical and institutional issues involved in developing large-scale land information systems. Although discussed from a Wisconsin perspective, the issues are applicable to most cadastral-based GISs.

Multipurpose Land Information Systems: The Guidebook. 1989, Federal Geodetic Control Committee (Patricia M. Brown and D. David Moyer, editors), National Geodetic Survey, Silver Spring, MD.

A two-volume (loose-leaf) guidebook that addresses issues involved in the development of large-scale, multipurpose, cadastral-based information systems. Different authors address individual topics in each chapter. This organization enables users to read only the chapters and topics of interest.

GIS Data Conversion Handbook. 1993, Glenn E. Montgomery and Harold C. Schuch, GIS World, Ft. Collins, CO. An introduction to elements and methods for geographic database creation.

Periodicals

Geo Info Systems. Advanstar Publications, Eugene, OR. Monthly magazine with GIS news, articles, and columns.

GIS World. GIS World, Ft. Collins, CO. Monthly magazine with GIS news, articles, and columns.

International Journal of Geographical Information Science (formerly International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, Volumes 1-11). Taylor and Francis, London, UK. Monthly scholarly journal focused on GIS technical, operational, and management issues.

Journal of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association. Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, Park Ridge, IL. Semiannual refereed journal addressing information systems development and use in local and regional government.

Conference Proceedings

Annual and regional conferences of the associations involved in GIS contain papers that address technical and operational aspects of GIS. Many papers also discuss specific GIS activities, applications, and projects. Increasingly, authors discuss GIS partnerships and geographic data sharing and access. The major associations whose conferences feature GIS are:

• Association of American Geographers (AAG)
• American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM)
• AM/FM International
• American Public Works Association (APWA)
• American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS)
• National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC)
• Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (URISA)

(See appendix C for address information for these associations.)