Deaths per 1,000 pediatric heart surgery admissions, patients age less than 18 years (excluding obstetric admission; patients with transcatheter interventions as single cardiac procedures, performed without bypass but with catheterization; patients with septal defects as single cardiac procedures without bypass; heart transplant; premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure as only cardiac procedure; and age less than 30 days with PDA closure as only cardiac procedure; and transfers to another hospital), by race/ethnicity, United States, 2003 |
| Non-Hispanic | Hispanic, all races | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | White | Black | API | ||||||||
| Population group | Ratea | SE | Ratea | SE | Ratea | SE | Ratea | SE | Ratea | SE | |
| Total | 43.2 | 2.3 | 37.7 | 3.2 | 54.2 | 6.2 | 53.4 | 12.1 | 47.0 | 4.6 | |
| Age | 0-4 | 44.7 | 2.5 | 38.2 | 3.5 | 58.7 | 7.0 | 46.9 | 13.7 | 50.8 | 5.0 |
| 5-9 | 36.5 | 7.7 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| 10-14 | 43.3 | 8.6 | 41.6 | 11.9 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| 15-17 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Gender | Male | 47.4 | 3.0 | 35.6 | 4.2 | 64.5 | 8.3 | 67.3 | 15.6 | 60.4 | 6.1 |
| Female | 37.8 | 3.4 | 40.1 | 4.7 | 40.9 | 9.3 | * | * | 30.5 | 6.8 | |
| Median income of patient's ZIP Code | Less than $25,000 | 55.9 | 10.6 | * | * | * | * | * | * | 56.2 | 16.2 |
| $25,000-$34,999 | 48.3 | 5.1 | 51.2 | 8.7 | 41.6 | 11.3 | * | * | 39.0 | 8.5 | |
| $35,000-$44,999 | 47.7 | 4.4 | 36.1 | 6.2 | 75.5 | 11.8 | * | * | 52.9 | 8.8 | |
| $45,000 or more | 37.8 | 3.2 | 35.9 | 4.1 | 45.2 | 11.1 | * | * | 46.6 | 7.5 | |
| Location of patient residence | Metropolitan-large | 44.4 | 2.8 | 35.9 | 4.3 | 54.4 | 7.3 | 58.5 | 14.5 | 50.2 | 5.4 |
| Metropolitan-small | 43.0 | 4.5 | 46.2 | 6.0 | * | * | * | * | 32.6 | 9.5 | |
| Micropolitan | 32.2 | 8.3 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Noncore | 46.1 | 10.2 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Expected payment source | Private insurance | 42.3 | 3.2 | 35.8 | 3.9 | 47.1 | 11.0 | * | * | 62.0 | 8.5 |
| Medicare | * | * | * | * | * | * | -- | -- | * | * | |
| Medicaid | 45.8 | 3.5 | 43.6 | 6.0 | 59.1 | 8.0 | 83.4 | 21.8 | 41.5 | 6.0 | |
| Other insurance | 33.6 | 8.3 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Uninsured/self pay/no charge | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Region of inpatient treatment | Northeast | 35.7 | 6.1 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| Midwest | 42.4 | 4.7 | 35.9 | 5.5 | 68.1 | 12.6 | * | * | 62.2 | 18.3 | |
| South | 42.0 | 3.6 | 42.5 | 5.1 | 56.2 | 8.5 | * | * | 35.2 | 6.8 | |
| West | 49.9 | 4.6 | 40.8 | 7.6 | * | * | 59.5 | 14.9 | 55.3 | 7.1 | |
| Ownership/control of hospital | Private, not-for-profit | 41.4 | 2.4 | 36.8 | 3.4 | 48.9 | 6.8 | 48.0 | 12.5 | 46.2 | 5.1 |
| Private, for-profit | * | * | * | * | * | * | -- | -- | * | * | |
| Public | 60.3 | 6.6 | 43.9 | 10.0 | 82.2 | 15.3 | * | * | 64.0 | 12.1 | |
| Teaching status of hospital | Teaching | 40.1 | 2.5 | 34.1 | 3.5 | 49.6 | 6.8 | 60.9 | 14.0 | 46.5 | 5.4 |
| Non-teaching | 55.6 | 5.0 | 57.0 | 7.7 | 77.6 | 15.1 | * | * | 48.1 | 8.4 | |
| Location of hospital | Metropolitan-large | 41.9 | 2.5 | 34.8 | 3.5 | 53.0 | 6.7 | 59.8 | 13.5 | 46.6 | 5.0 |
| Metropolitan-small | 49.0 | 5.5 | 48.3 | 7.4 | 59.8 | 15.5 | * | * | 48.7 | 10.9 | |
| Micropolitan | * | * | * | * | -- | -- | * | * | -- | -- | |
| Noncore | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| Bed size of hospital | Less than 100 | * | * | * | * | * | * | -- | -- | * | * |
| 100-299 | 39.9 | 3.4 | 35.4 | 5.0 | 50.4 | 10.8 | * | * | 43.1 | 6.3 | |
| 300-499 | 31.1 | 4.4 | 26.3 | 6.0 | 37.7 | 10.9 | * | * | 37.5 | 10.4 | |
| 500 or more | 56.7 | 4.2 | 47.8 | 5.6 | 72.7 | 10.5 | 83.5 | 22.3 | 60.8 | 8.8 | |
a Estimates are adjusted by age, gender, age-gender interactions, and APR-DRG risk of mortality score. When reporting is by age, the adjustment is by gender and APR-DRG risk of mortality score; when reporting is by gender, the adjustment is by age and APR-DRG risk of mortality score.
* Data do not meet the criteria for statistical reliability, data quality or confidentiality.
-- Statistic cannot be calculated.
Key: API: Asian or Pacific Islander; SE: sandard error.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases, disparities analysis file, 2003. This file is designed to provide national estimates on disparities using weighted records from a sample of hospitals from the following 23 States: AZ, CA, CO, CT, FL, GA, HI, KS, MD, MA, MI, MO, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, and WI.