FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: FOR RELEASE:
Cheryl Abbot June 21, 2007
Regional Economist
(214) 767-6970
http://www.bls.gov/ro6/
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
HOUSTON-SUGAR LAND-BAYTOWN, TEXAS, MAY 2006
Workers in the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area (1) had an average (mean)
hourly wage of $19.09 during May 2006, compared with the nationwide average of $18.84,
according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor. Regional
Commissioner Stanley W. Suchman noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages
in the local area were higher than their respective national averages in 5 of the 22 major
occupational groups and lower in 7 others. In addition, when compared to the nationwide
distribution, local employment was more highly concentrated in 4 of the 22 occupational
groups, while 8 groups had employment shares significantly below their national
representation. (See table A and box note at end of release.)
These statistics are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a
federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case the
Texas Workforce Commission. The OES survey provides estimates of employment and hourly and
annual wages for wage and salary workers in 22 major occupational groups and up to 801 non-
military detailed occupations for the nation, states, and 409 metropolitan areas, including
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas.
Occupational wages in the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown area
Management and legal occupations were the two highest-paid occupational groups in the
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown area in May 2006, with those in management averaging $46.67 an hour
and those in legal occupations, $43.69. (See chart 1 and table A.) Nationwide, these were
also the two highest-paying groups, with earnings of $44.20 in management and $41.04 in legal
occupations.
The average wage for workers in management in the Houston area was significantly above
that for the nation. Locally, hourly wages varied widely within the management group. Eight
occupations had hourly rates over $50.00 (chief executives; engineering managers; marketing
managers; financial managers; computer and information systems managers; general and
operations managers; natural sciences managers; and sales managers) and four had rates under
$25.00 (social and community service managers; funeral directors; property, real estate, and
community association managers; and education administrators, preschool and child care
center/program). In the legal occupational grouping, lawyers were among the highest paid at
$60.62 an hour, while title examiners, abstractors, and searchers were at the lower end of the
wage scale averaging $16.88 an hour. (Detailed occupational data are presented in table 1.)
The pay level for the architecture and engineering occupational group in the Houston
area was also significantly above the national average. This group registered the highest
local pay differential, averaging $36.38 an hour in Houston, nearly 15 percent above the U.S
average of $31.82 an hour. Locally, among the highest paid in this group were petroleum
engineers at $56.51 an hour; in contrast, surveying and mapping technicians were among the
lowest paid at $16.38.
Table A. Occupational employment and wages by major occupational group, United States and
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown Metropolitan Statistical Area, and measures of statistical
significance, May 2006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employment share | Average (mean) hourly wage
(percent of total) |
----------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------
Houston- Signifi- | Houston- Signifi-
United Sugar Land cant Diff-| United Sugar Land cant Diff-
Major occupational group States -Baytown erence (1)| States -Baytown erence (1)
----------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------
Management 4.4% 4.9% Yes | $44.20 $46.67 Yes
Business & financial operations 4.4 4.2 Yes | 28.85 29.31 No
Computer and mathematical 2.3 2.3 No | 33.29 33.94 No
Architecture and engineering 1.8 3.0 Yes | 31.82 36.38 Yes
Life, physical, & social science 0.9 1.1 Yes | 28.68 30.73 Yes
Community and social services 1.3 0.7 Yes | 18.75 18.97 No
Legal 0.7 0.8 No | 41.04 43.69 No
Education, training, & library 6.2 5.8 Yes | 21.79 21.21 No
Arts, design, entertainment, |
sports, and media 1.3 0.9 Yes | 22.17 19.67 Yes
Healthcare practitioners and |
technical 5.1 4.8 No | 29.82 29.77 No
Healthcare support 2.6 2.1 Yes | 11.83 10.91 Yes
Protective service 2.3 2.1 No | 17.81 16.75 No
Food preparation and |
serving related 8.3 7.7 Yes | 8.86 7.97 Yes
Building and grounds cleaning |
and maintenance 3.3 3.3 No | 10.86 8.79 Yes
Personal care and service 2.5 2.5 No | 11.02 9.16 Yes
Sales and related 10.6 10.3 Yes | 16.52 17.41 Yes
Office & administrative support 17.4 17.3 No | 14.60 14.68 No
Farming, fishing, and forestry 0.3 0.1 Yes | 10.49 10.03 No
Construction and extraction 5.0 6.7 Yes | 18.89 15.02 Yes
Installation, maintenance, |
and repair 4.0 4.2 No | 18.78 17.73 Yes
Production 7.7 7.7 No | 14.65 15.15 Yes
Transportation & material moving 7.3 7.3 No | 14.16 13.94 No
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Statistical significance testing at the 90-percent confidence level.
Three occupational groups in the Houston area had pay levels clustered between $29.00
and $31.00 per hour—life, physical, and social science; healthcare practitioners and
technical; and business and financial operations. In the life, physical, and social science
occupational group, local pay of $30.73 was significantly higher than the respective
nationwide average of $28.68, with geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers, among
the better paid in Houston. There was no measurable difference between the local and national
wage in the other two major occupational groupings.
The hourly wage for production workers in Houston was significantly higher than the
national wage, averaging $15.15 locally and $14.65 nationally. Within this group, workers
reported hourly earnings of $25.00 or more per hour in six jobs, including power plant
operators; petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers; and chemical
plant and system operators. Jobs with earnings below $10.00 an hour included production
worker helpers ($9.78) and laundry and dry cleaning workers ($7.71).
Three occupational groups in the Houston area had pay levels clustered between $29.00
and $31.00 per hour—life, physical, and social science; healthcare practitioners and
technical; and business and financial operations. In the life, physical, and social science
occupational group, local pay of $30.73 was significantly higher than the respective
nationwide average of $28.68, with geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers, among
the better paid in Houston. There was no measurable difference between the local and national
wage in the other two major occupational groupings.
The hourly wage for production workers in Houston was significantly higher than the
national wage, averaging $15.15 locally and $14.65 nationally. Within this group, workers
reported hourly earnings of $25.00 or more per hour in six jobs, including power plant
operators; petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers; and chemical
plant and system operators. Jobs with earnings below $10.00 an hour included production
worker helpers ($9.78) and laundry and dry cleaning workers ($7.71).
Chart 1. Wage distribution in the United States and the Houston-
Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area by major occupational group
Food preparation and serving related workers were the lowest-paid occupational group
locally at $7.97; this wage was significantly below the national average of $8.86. Within
this group in the Houston area, chefs and head cooks were among the highest paid earning
$19.21 an hour, while dishwashers, earning $6.90, were at the lower end of the pay scale.
Workers in building and grounds cleaning and maintenance were also among the lower paid in the
metropolitan area, earning $8.79 per hour. The local wage for this occupational group was
nearly 20 percent below the national average of $10.86.
Construction and extraction workers in the Houston area had the distinction of having
the largest negative pay differential when compared to the national average for this
occupational group. Locally, construction and extraction workers earned $15.02 an hour, more
than 20 percent below the U.S. average of $18.89. Several occupations earned more than $20.00
an hour in the local area, including construction and building inspectors at $23.76, while
several others averaged less than $10.00 an hour, including construction laborers at $9.87.
Occupational employment in the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown area
The largest major occupational group in the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown area was office
and administrative support with a total of 411,560 workers representing 17.3 percent of area
employment. (See table A and chart 2.) The percentage of workers in this occupation locally
did not differ significantly from the U.S. average of 17.4 percent; nationally, this was also
the largest occupational group. In the Houston metropolitan area, customer service
representatives (45,610); general office clerks (41,870); and executive secretaries and
administrative assistants (38,390) accounted for the largest number of workers in office and
administrative support. (See table 1.)
In the Houston metropolitan area, sales and related jobs were the second largest major
occupational grouping with a 10.3-percent share of the local workforce compared to 10.6
percent nationwide. The relatively low-paid positions of retail salespersons ($11.57) and
cashiers ($8.08) accounted for over one-half of local employment in this group, with 76,820
and 56,610 workers, respectively. However, two other sales occupations in Houston, wholesale
and manufacturing sales representatives (except technical and scientific products) and
services sales representatives, accounted for more than 15 percent of employment and had
earnings approaching $30.00 an hour.
Chart 2. Employment distribution in the United States and the Houston-
Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area by major occupational group
Architecture and engineering occupations had a significantly larger employment share
in the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown area than in the nation as a whole. This group made up 3.0
percent of metropolitan area employment compared to 1.8 percent nationally. Additionally, the
local wage for this occupational group, as discussed earlier, was nearly 15 percent above the
national average. Another occupational group with a measurably larger share of employment in
the Houston area was construction and extraction. Locally, workers in this group comprised
6.7 percent of employment compared to 5.0 percent nationwide. However, in contrast to the
architecture and engineering group, the local hourly wage for construction and extraction
workers was 20 percent below that for the nation.
Houston area employment in 10 major occupational groups was not significantly
different from their national shares. However, eight local groups did have lower-than-average
representation in the local workforce. One of the larger differentials was in healthcare
support jobs which accounted for 2.1 percent of jobs in the metropolitan area versus 2.6
percent in the U.S. The most prevalent detailed occupations in this group at the local level
included nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants (19,330); medical assistants (10,000); and
home health aides (6,920). Education, training, and library occupations also had less of a
presence in the Houston area, accounting for 5.8 percent of local employment compared to 6.2
percent of the national workforce. Nearly half of the 138,500 local jobs in this group were
comprised of elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers (excluding special and
vocational education), with an additional 11 percent (15,610) employed as teacher assistants.
------------------------------------------------
(1) The Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Austin,
Brazoria, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, San Jacinto, and Waller
Counties, Texas. Houston, the Houston metropolitan area, and other such abbreviations are
used interchangeably to refer to the officially designated MSA.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| The OES wage and employment data for the 22 major occupational groups in the Houston- |
|Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area were compared to their respective national averages based|
|on statistical significance testing. Only those occupations with wages or employment shares |
|above or below the national wage or share after testing for significance at the 90-percent |
|confidence level meet the criteria. NOTE: A value that is statistically different from |
|another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. |
|Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make confident statements about a |
|universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two |
|values is not significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, since both |
|the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the relative error of the data being tested. |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual mail survey
measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments in the United States. Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are
surveyed, but their data are not included in this release. OES estimates are constructed from
a sample of about 1.2 million establishments. Forms are mailed to approximately 200,000
establishments in May and November of each year for a 3-year period. The nationwide response
rate for the May 2006 survey was 78.1 percent based on establishments and 73.4 percent based
on employment. The survey included establishments sampled in the May 2006, November 2005, May
2005, November 2004, May 2004, and November 2003 semiannual panels. The sample in the
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area included 12,025 establishments with a response
rate of 69 percent.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) occupational
classification system, the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. The SOC system
is the first OMB-required occupational classification system for federal agencies. The OES
survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations. Together, these detailed
occupations comprise 23 major occupational groups, 22 of which are covered in this release.
The one exception is military specific occupations which are not included in the OES survey.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For
more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the
State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of the data. BLS produces cross-industry and
industry-specific estimates for the nation, states, and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).
Industry-specific estimates are produced at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected
5-digit industry levels. BLS releases all cross-industry and national estimates; the SWAs
release industry-specific estimates at the state and MSA levels.
State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which the OES survey
draws its sample. Employment benchmarks are obtained from reports submitted by employers to
the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas
and industry. Samples selected in panels prior to May 2005 were stratified using MSA
definitions based on the 1990 Metropolitan Statistical Area standards. Beginning with the May
2005 panel, the sample was stratified using new MSA definitions based on the 2000 Metropolitan
Statistical Area standards.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an
occupation across the industries surveyed. The OES survey defines employment as the number of
workers who can be classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid
vacations or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried
officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned
to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty station
regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base
rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including
commissions and production bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are: back
pay, jury duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses,
employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the total wages that
all workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by the total employment of the
occupation. To calculate the mean hourly wage of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages
are summed across all intervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey employment.
The mean wage for each interval is based on occupational wage data collected by the BLS Office
of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National Compensation Survey (NCS).
Annual Wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their employers and may
work more than or less than 40 hours per week. Annual wage estimates for most occupations in
this release are calculated by multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time"
figure of 2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus, annual wage estimates may not represent
the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more or less than 2,080 hours per
year. Some workers typically work less than fulltime, year round. For these occupations, the
OES survey collects and reports either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on
how the occupation is typically paid, but not both. For example, teachers, flight attendants,
and pilots may be paid an annual salary, but do not work the usual 2,080 hours per year. In
this case, an annual salary is reported. Other workers, such as entertainment workers, are
paid hourly rates, but generally do not work full time, year round. For these workers, only
an hourly wage is reported.
Hourly versus Annual Wage Reporting. For each occupation, respondents are asked to
report the number of employees paid within specific wage intervals. The intervals are defined
both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for an
occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of 2,080
hours. The responding establishment can reference either the hourly or the annual rate for
full-time workers, but they are instructed to report the hourly rate for part-time workers.
Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. The OES survey is
designed to produce estimates using six panels (3 years) of data. The full six-panel sample
of 1.2 million establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of
geography, industry, and occupation.
Wage Updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by combining
six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the
current panel need no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to be
updated to the current panel’s reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from
prior panels before combining them with the current panel’s data. The wage updating procedure
adjusts each detailed occupation’s wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel, according to
the average movement of its broader occupational division. The procedure assumes that there
are no major differences by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the
occupational division.
May 2006 OES survey estimates. The May 2006 OES survey estimates are based on all
data collected from establishments in the May 2006, November 2005, May 2005, November 2004,
May 2004, November 2003 semiannual samples.
Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a sample survey are subject
to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling error occurs when estimates are
calculated from a subset (that is, a sample) of the population instead of the full population.
When a sample of the population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of the
characteristic of interest may differ from the population value of that characteristic.
Differences between the sample estimate and the population value will vary depending on the
sample selected. This variability can be estimated by calculating the standard error (SE) of
the sample estimate. If we were to repeat the sampling and estimation process countless times
using the same survey design, approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by adding and
subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would include the population value. These
intervals are called 90-percent confidence intervals. The OES survey, however, usually uses
the relative standard error (RSE) of a sample estimate instead of its SE to measure sampling
error. RSE is defined as the SE of a sample estimate divided by the sample estimate itself.
This statistic provides the user with a measure of the relative precision of the sample
estimate. RSEs are calculated for both occupational employment and mean wage rate estimates.
Occupational employment RSEs are calculated using a subsample, random group replication
technique called the jackknife. Mean wage rate RSEs are calculated using a variance
components model that accounts for both the observed and unobserved components of the wage
data. The variances of the unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the BLS
National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on many establishments have lower
RSEs than estimates based on few establishments. If the distributional assumptions of the
models are violated, the resulting confidence intervals may not reflect the prescribed level
of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are directly
connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling error include: nonresponse, data incorrectly
reported by the respondent, mistakes made in entering collected data into the database, and
mistakes made in editing and processing the collected data.
Additional information
The May 2006 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in table 1, are
available on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/oes. Users also may access each
occupation's definition and percentile wages. The May 2006 cross-industry data for states and
metropolitan areas are also available on the BLS Web site, as are the industry staffing
patterns at the sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5-digit NAICS levels. These data include
industry-specific occupational employment and wage data. A more detailed technical note for
OES is available at http://www.bls.gov/news.release/ocwage.tn.htm.
OES data are available on our regional web page at http://www.bls.gov/ro6/.
If you have additional questions, contact the BLS Southwest Economic Analysis and Information
Unit at 214-767-6970. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number:
1-800-877-8339.
=================================================================================================
Table 1. Employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey,
by occupation, Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX metropolitan area, May 2006
=================================================================================================
Median
Mean wages hourly
Occupation Employment Hourly Annual(1) wages
=================================================================================================
All occupations 2,378,080 $19.09 $39,710 $14.28
Management occupations 116,640 46.67 97,070 40.81
Chief executives 3,660 79.04 164,400 (2)
General and operations managers 40,720 52.00 108,150 44.64
Legislators 300 (3) 20,660 (3)
Advertising and promotions managers 440 34.28 71,300 28.40
Marketing managers 2,850 55.74 115,930 52.55
Sales managers 5,670 50.29 104,600 45.38
Public relations managers 680 46.27 96,240 38.58
Administrative services managers 5,510 40.61 84,460 37.76
Computer and information systems managers 4,160 53.67 111,640 50.52
Financial managers 7,620 54.19 112,710 49.36
Compensation and benefits managers 1,110 44.51 92,570 41.55
Training and development managers 420 43.23 89,920 40.56
Human resources managers, all other 400 44.92 93,430 42.83
Industrial production managers 3,490 48.67 101,230 46.33
Purchasing managers 1,200 48.35 100,570 44.44
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 2,320 38.15 79,350 33.46
Construction managers 7,400 34.22 71,170 30.20
Education administrators, preschool and child care
center/program 1,100 17.79 37,000 16.40
Education administrators, elementary and secondary
school 3,670 (3) 69,880 (3)
Education administrators, postsecondary 520 49.08 102,080 41.49
Education administrators, all other 270 27.42 57,040 29.11
Engineering managers 5,260 57.93 120,500 56.41
Food service managers 3,490 25.04 52,080 23.63
Funeral directors 260 22.50 46,800 18.15
Lodging managers 380 35.26 73,350 25.36
Medical and health services managers 3,960 38.84 80,790 37.08
Natural sciences managers 520 51.86 107,860 48.84
Postmasters and mail superintendents 110 31.46 65,440 31.76
Property, real estate, and community association
managers 5,080 18.07 37,580 14.66
Social and community service managers 930 24.32 50,580 22.27
Managers, all other 3,130 45.31 94,250 42.60
Business and financial operations occupations 99,210 29.31 60,960 26.23
Agents and business managers of artists, performers,
and athletes 90 29.81 62,000 24.09
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 100 24.12 50,160 22.95
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 2,190 27.83 57,890 22.27
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm
products 5,830 25.93 53,920 23.49
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 4,030 26.22 54,550 25.46
Insurance appraisers, auto damage 140 24.36 50,670 24.91
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,
health and safety, and transportation 3,980 24.82 51,630 22.47
Cost estimators 3,990 29.76 61,890 28.25
Emergency management specialists 90 25.00 52,010 24.32
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 3,180 25.85 53,760 22.38
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 2,900 25.95 53,970 24.33
Training and development specialists 2,830 25.68 53,410 24.75
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists, all other 1,520 27.68 57,570 25.45
Logisticians 2,080 30.17 62,760 28.62
Management analysts 8,620 29.36 61,060 26.92
Meeting and convention planners 690 20.92 43,510 19.25
Business operations specialists, all other 14,650 31.97 66,500 29.27
Accountants and auditors 23,250 29.85 62,090 26.95
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 420 22.03 45,810 20.29
Budget analysts 940 31.29 65,080 31.35
Credit analysts 1,270 32.15 66,880 27.16
Financial analysts 5,820 35.04 72,890 30.18
Personal financial advisors 1,640 40.62 84,480 30.98
Insurance underwriters 870 28.07 58,380 25.89
Financial examiners 270 40.29 83,810 39.15
Loan counselors 320 17.43 36,250 16.26
Loan officers 3,660 31.90 66,350 26.32
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 730 32.10 66,770 32.11
Tax preparers (4) 12.85 26,730 12.03
Financial specialists, all other 1,090 36.39 75,690 32.71
Computer and mathematical occupations 55,680 33.94 70,600 32.28
Computer and information scientists, research 450 37.51 78,020 32.18
Computer programmers 7,810 38.70 80,500 36.09
Computer software engineers, applications 7,420 42.16 87,700 39.95
Computer software engineers, systems software 5,530 42.10 87,560 42.26
Computer support specialists 9,950 20.50 42,650 19.58
Computer systems analysts 10,130 34.54 71,840 33.25
Database administrators 2,240 31.68 65,900 29.92
Network and computer systems administrators 5,660 32.13 66,840 30.53
Network systems and data communications analysts 3,050 32.57 67,740 30.83
Computer specialists, all other 2,000 34.01 70,740 31.74
Actuaries 70 38.83 80,770 35.78
Operations research analysts 1,190 35.83 74,520 35.58
Statisticians 130 34.03 70,780 33.48
Architecture and engineering occupations 71,900 36.38 75,670 33.83
Architects, except landscape and naval 2,410 35.16 73,120 31.75
Landscape architects 160 26.42 54,950 25.63
Cartographers and photogrammetrists 160 32.06 66,680 36.18
Surveyors 2,280 31.17 64,830 29.48
Biomedical engineers 150 27.10 56,380 24.79
Chemical engineers 2,430 44.62 92,800 42.83
Civil engineers 8,950 41.07 85,430 38.21
Computer hardware engineers 990 45.76 95,180 45.18
Electrical engineers 4,310 47.10 97,970 44.40
Electronics engineers, except computer 1,650 36.73 76,410 35.21
Environmental engineers 980 36.96 76,890 34.97
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety
engineers and inspectors 1,400 34.78 72,350 31.18
Industrial engineers 3,490 40.28 83,790 40.09
Marine engineers and naval architects 850 44.08 91,680 42.85
Materials engineers 580 38.04 79,120 36.47
Mechanical engineers 7,560 39.26 81,650 38.45
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety
engineers 950 48.89 101,690 46.46
Petroleum engineers 4,370 56.51 117,540 54.31
Engineers, all other 3,030 43.18 89,810 44.02
Architectural and civil drafters 2,500 23.41 48,690 22.68
Electrical and electronics drafters 820 28.69 59,670 27.27
Mechanical drafters 2,710 24.78 51,540 24.28
Drafters, all other 570 22.87 47,570 20.41
Civil engineering technicians 3,150 19.78 41,140 17.37
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 3,920 27.40 56,980 25.28
Electro-mechanical technicians 440 25.06 52,130 25.14
Environmental engineering technicians 950 19.74 41,060 18.03
Industrial engineering technicians 1,680 28.77 59,850 27.80
Mechanical engineering technicians 1,580 25.58 53,200 23.97
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 1,470 25.07 52,140 25.16
Surveying and mapping technicians 2,420 16.38 34,080 15.11
Life, physical, and social science occupations 26,580 30.73 63,930 25.39
Animal scientists (4) 22.45 46,690 20.49
Microbiologists (4) 26.35 54,810 20.30
Zoologists and wildlife biologists (4) 32.35 67,280 29.00
Biological scientists, all other 140 30.99 64,460 29.89
Physicists 100 46.49 96,690 42.99
Chemists 1,620 29.57 61,510 27.00
Materials scientists 200 39.76 82,700 36.13
Environmental scientists and specialists, including
health 1,440 31.58 65,680 22.58
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 4,730 52.68 109,570 49.67
Hydrologists 90 33.42 69,520 30.22
Economists 110 38.39 79,860 38.26
Market research analysts 3,990 31.33 65,160 29.40
Survey researchers 190 11.56 24,050 10.46
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 1,060 31.21 64,920 26.74
Psychologists, all other 50 36.78 76,490 39.68
Urban and regional planners 160 28.03 58,310 26.28
Social scientists and related workers, all other 190 32.47 67,530 32.73
Agricultural and food science technicians 120 14.63 30,420 14.70
Chemical technicians 2,170 23.37 48,600 24.30
Geological and petroleum technicians 1,950 24.34 50,620 22.55
Environmental science and protection technicians,
including health 1,250 17.65 36,720 15.97
Forensic science technicians 130 21.33 44,360 20.87
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all
other 1,870 17.23 35,830 16.26
Community and social services occupations 17,820 18.97 39,450 17.76
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 650 15.62 32,500 15.32
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 3,330 25.36 52,750 25.44
Marriage and family therapists 110 18.31 38,080 17.67
Mental health counselors 430 18.55 38,590 18.03
Rehabilitation counselors 1,010 16.57 34,460 16.42
Counselors, all other 1,040 25.06 52,120 25.91
Child, family, and school social workers 3,020 16.62 34,580 15.89
Medical and public health social workers 1,630 22.29 46,360 22.18
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 870 17.17 35,710 16.53
Social workers, all other 520 17.82 37,070 14.99
Health educators 960 21.60 44,920 18.43
Probation officers and correctional treatment
specialists 820 17.72 36,850 17.42
Social and human service assistants 2,600 11.43 23,770 10.47
Community and social service specialists, all other 430 16.86 35,070 15.45
Clergy 280 18.77 39,030 18.51
Directors, religious activities and education 50 25.43 52,890 25.35
Legal occupations 20,030 43.69 90,870 34.99
Lawyers 11,060 60.62 126,090 59.91
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing
officers 160 41.50 86,310 41.48
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 500 30.46 63,350 31.11
Paralegals and legal assistants 4,420 24.86 51,700 22.60
Court reporters 210 24.56 51,080 26.54
Law clerks 780 19.47 40,500 18.88
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 2,350 16.88 35,120 14.22
Legal support workers, all other (4) 21.42 44,560 22.96
Education, training, and library occupations 138,500 21.21 44,110 20.22
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 240 (3) 74,450 (3)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary (4) (3) 54,030 (3)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 1,960 (3) 114,390 (3)
Physics teachers, postsecondary 140 (3) 85,900 (3)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary 170 (3) 56,550 (3)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 4,390 (3) 111,470 (3)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 770 (3) 74,720 (3)
Education teachers, postsecondary 370 (3) 55,900 (3)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers,
postsecondary 180 (3) 55,560 (3)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 140 (3) 78,440 (3)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary 140 (3) 53,500 (3)
Postsecondary teachers, all other (4) (3) 102,370 (3)
Preschool teachers, except special education 6,920 10.45 21,730 8.21
Kindergarten teachers, except special education 2,870 (3) 43,250 (3)
Elementary school teachers, except special education 30,880 (3) 44,760 (3)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education 17,580 (3) 45,420 (3)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 380 (3) 48,490 (3)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education 19,040 (3) 47,390 (3)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 1,870 (3) 50,330 (3)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and
elementary school 2,870 (3) 45,570 (3)
Special education teachers, middle school 1,400 (3) 44,740 (3)
Special education teachers, secondary school 1,260 (3) 45,900 (3)
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers
and instructors 1,300 24.68 51,330 21.34
Self-enrichment education teachers 1,000 19.89 41,370 17.93
Teachers and instructors, all other 10,920 (3) 19,880 (3)
Archivists 40 21.68 45,090 20.73
Curators 90 23.07 47,980 21.03
Museum technicians and conservators 330 24.04 50,000 20.02
Librarians 2,160 23.37 48,600 23.20
Library technicians 700 12.31 25,600 12.45
Audio-visual collections specialists 270 22.56 46,930 23.31
Farm and home management advisors 100 14.20 29,530 14.56
Instructional coordinators 1,860 28.73 59,750 29.79
Teacher assistants 15,610 (3) 17,650 (3)
Arts, design, entertainment,
sports, and media occupations 21,150 19.67 40,920 16.13
Art directors 210 30.16 62,730 27.57
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and
illustrators 340 18.07 37,580 16.93
Multi-media artists and animators 300 23.42 48,710 21.75
Artists and related workers, all other (4) 14.89 30,970 13.57
Commercial and industrial designers 320 30.53 63,490 23.15
Floral designers 820 10.65 22,160 10.33
Graphic designers 2,540 20.26 42,150 19.26
Interior designers 820 23.32 48,510 20.09
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers (4) 12.40 25,790 10.33
Set and exhibit designers 220 16.93 35,210 14.76
Designers, all other 80 18.75 39,010 17.57
Producers and directors 590 31.35 65,200 32.41
Athletes and sports competitors 190 (3) 142,710 (3)
Coaches and scouts 1,630 (3) 36,550 (3)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 140 (3) 23,590 (3)
Dancers (4) 8.62 (6) 7.63
Choreographers 540 15.42 32,080 14.84
Musicians and singers 630 12.89 (6) 8.75
Radio and television announcers 490 20.61 42,870 12.99
Public address system and other announcers 200 11.31 23,520 10.45
Reporters and correspondents 450 21.08 43,850 13.47
Public relations specialists 2,080 27.70 57,620 24.43
Editors 820 25.34 52,700 21.11
Technical writers 930 24.95 51,900 23.63
Writers and authors 350 21.54 44,810 20.63
Interpreters and translators 1,050 20.44 42,520 18.22
Audio and video equipment technicians 950 15.70 32,660 13.22
Broadcast technicians 390 12.65 26,310 11.23
Sound engineering technicians 150 12.25 25,470 9.74
Photographers 970 12.30 25,580 10.57
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture (4) 15.21 31,630 16.17
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 114,800 29.77 61,920 25.43
Chiropractors (4) 24.88 51,750 22.96
Dentists, general 1,280 68.72 142,930 (2)
Orthodontists 40 (2) (2) (2)
Dietitians and nutritionists 670 23.04 47,920 22.21
Optometrists 360 42.39 88,160 34.11
Pharmacists 4,480 45.52 94,670 45.90
Anesthesiologists (4) 80.68 167,810 (2)
Family and general practitioners 1,780 60.17 125,150 57.57
Internists, general 510 66.70 138,740 (2)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 470 67.75 140,910 (2)
Pediatricians, general 550 51.88 107,900 51.37
Psychiatrists 310 50.10 104,210 36.38
Surgeons 1,270 82.81 172,240 (2)
Physicians and surgeons, all other 2,300 64.15 133,440 64.99
Physician assistants 950 37.03 77,020 38.41
Podiatrists (4) 56.15 116,790 54.14
Registered nurses 40,010 29.93 62,260 29.34
Audiologists 90 28.46 59,200 27.32
Occupational therapists 1,210 31.02 64,520 30.43
Physical therapists 1,910 34.65 72,070 34.02
Radiation therapists 270 37.17 77,320 37.14
Recreational therapists 180 17.43 36,260 18.78
Respiratory therapists 2,150 22.23 46,250 21.89
Speech-language pathologists 1,860 27.88 57,990 26.15
Therapists, all other 40 28.98 60,280 30.65
Veterinarians 1,430 47.30 98,380 40.77
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 1,170 50.39 104,810 33.21
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 3,770 23.01 47,870 22.38
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 3,050 15.25 31,720 14.25
Dental hygienists 2,220 32.49 67,580 33.20
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 540 19.78 41,140 18.07
Diagnostic medical sonographers 610 27.05 56,260 26.68
Nuclear medicine technologists 340 32.01 66,570 32.17
Radiologic technologists and technicians 3,000 23.40 48,660 23.11
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 3,740 14.15 29,440 13.90
Dietetic technicians 210 12.34 25,660 11.17
Pharmacy technicians 5,760 13.41 27,890 13.36
Psychiatric technicians 700 12.47 25,940 12.04
Respiratory therapy technicians 560 17.33 36,040 17.28
Surgical technologists 1,590 18.23 37,920 18.06
Veterinary technologists and technicians 1,560 10.60 22,050 9.42
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 12,990 18.54 38,560 18.30
Medical records and health information technicians 2,140 15.62 32,500 14.33
Opticians, dispensing 1,150 12.70 26,420 12.46
Orthotists and prosthetists 50 38.33 79,740 37.54
Health technologists and technicians, all other 1,250 14.45 30,060 13.45
Occupational health and safety specialists 1,120 30.58 63,610 28.75
Occupational health and safety technicians 340 20.90 43,460 20.75
Athletic trainers 190 (3) 41,480 (3)
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all
other 450 21.82 45,390 15.74
Healthcare support occupations 50,120 10.91 22,680 10.28
Home health aides 6,920 8.67 18,020 7.64
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 19,330 10.19 21,190 10.02
Psychiatric aides 820 10.38 21,590 9.91
Occupational therapist assistants 390 19.44 40,440 19.66
Occupational therapist aides 110 9.92 20,640 9.01
Physical therapist assistants 840 20.48 42,600 20.50
Physical therapist aides 700 10.14 21,090 10.08
Massage therapists (4) 14.13 29,400 12.68
Dental assistants 5,550 12.82 26,670 11.17
Medical assistants 10,000 10.57 21,980 10.14
Medical equipment preparers 610 12.51 26,030 12.28
Medical transcriptionists 790 16.40 34,120 16.04
Pharmacy aides 240 8.92 18,560 8.49
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 990 9.49 19,730 9.70
Healthcare support workers, all other 1,900 13.75 28,590 12.86
Protective service occupations 50,660 16.75 34,840 15.50
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers 580 18.57 38,620 17.69
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives 510 33.94 70,590 31.51
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service
workers, all other 420 21.05 43,790 18.85
Bailiffs 160 15.98 33,240 15.87
Correctional officers and jailers 6,570 14.69 30,550 14.41
Detectives and criminal investigators 1,620 29.61 61,590 26.28
Police and sheriff's patrol officers 13,320 22.57 46,950 22.29
Animal control workers 200 13.47 28,020 12.79
Private detectives and investigators 370 20.58 42,810 19.16
Security guards 18,760 11.18 23,260 9.75
Crossing guards 480 9.05 18,830 9.33
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational
protective service workers 1,180 7.98 16,600 7.75
Food preparation and serving related occupations 184,040 7.97 16,580 7.02
Chefs and head cooks 1,050 19.21 39,960 17.52
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and
serving workers 17,790 12.22 25,420 11.13
Cooks, fast food 3,370 7.25 15,080 7.05
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 4,930 9.34 19,420 9.00
Cooks, restaurant 14,600 8.69 18,070 8.38
Cooks, short order (4) 8.64 17,960 8.53
Cooks, all other (4) 8.75 18,200 8.39
Food preparation workers 6,580 7.94 16,510 7.84
Bartenders 5,980 7.40 15,380 6.70
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including
fast food 58,280 7.04 14,650 6.62
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and
coffee shop 7,050 7.01 14,580 6.68
Waiters and waitresses 34,490 7.31 15,210 6.63
Food servers, nonrestaurant 2,010 8.09 16,830 6.95
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender
helpers 8,600 6.70 13,940 6.50
Dishwashers 6,900 6.90 14,350 6.73
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 5,650 7.40 15,390 6.85
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 1,310 9.80 20,380 9.64
Building and grounds cleaning
and maintenance occupations 78,100 8.79 18,280 7.93
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and
janitorial workers 3,730 13.18 27,410 11.78
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers 1,890 15.08 31,380 13.52
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping
cleaners 40,660 8.30 17,260 7.51
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 15,440 7.43 15,460 7.20
Pest control workers 870 14.21 29,550 14.45
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 14,130 8.97 18,650 8.32
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators,
vegetation 370 15.79 32,850 14.99
Tree trimmers and pruners 920 11.10 23,090 10.96
Grounds maintenance workers, all other (4) 17.79 37,010 16.40
Personal care and service occupations 60,280 9.16 19,050 7.04
Gaming supervisors 30 11.86 24,670 9.08
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service
workers 1,910 15.61 32,470 13.79
Animal trainers 110 11.51 23,950 11.09
Nonfarm animal caretakers 1,920 8.86 18,430 8.34
Gaming and sports book writers and runners 350 8.39 17,450 8.26
Motion picture projectionists 90 6.38 13,270 6.38
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 3,230 6.72 13,970 6.49
Amusement and recreation attendants 2,910 7.68 15,960 6.85
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 210 8.66 18,020 8.50
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other 1,290 8.13 16,910 7.65
Embalmers 60 13.41 27,900 13.54
Funeral attendants 410 9.37 19,500 8.79
Barbers (4) 27.42 57,040 36.88
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 5,030 12.72 26,460 9.88
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance 40 15.86 32,980 11.08
Manicurists and pedicurists 910 9.61 20,000 7.24
Shampooers 300 7.84 16,300 7.30
Skin care specialists 490 15.33 31,880 14.73
Baggage porters and bellhops 450 8.48 17,630 7.49
Concierges 330 13.75 28,610 11.15
Tour guides and escorts 330 10.97 22,820 10.84
Travel guides 40 15.66 32,570 14.32
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and
baggage porters 910 10.76 22,380 10.54
Child care workers 8,650 7.46 15,510 6.99
Personal and home care aides 19,960 6.49 13,500 6.43
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 2,120 13.15 27,350 12.21
Recreation workers 1,970 9.87 20,540 8.92
Residential advisors 240 11.80 24,550 10.15
Personal care and service workers, all other 530 7.39 15,360 6.92
Sales and related occupations 244,570 17.41 36,210 11.01
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 21,200 18.98 39,480 16.66
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales
workers 5,930 38.67 80,420 32.92
Cashiers 56,610 8.08 16,810 7.92
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers (4) 11.17 23,240 10.44
Counter and rental clerks 6,240 13.26 27,580 10.23
Parts salespersons 4,280 15.50 32,240 13.96
Retail salespersons 76,820 11.57 24,060 9.14
Advertising sales agents 1,860 21.26 44,220 15.94
Insurance sales agents 4,120 30.59 63,630 20.13
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents 4,800 55.47 115,370 49.28
Travel agents 1,120 14.72 30,620 14.28
Sales representatives, services, all other 9,140 28.61 59,500 24.47
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
technical and scientific products 5,910 34.79 72,360 32.07
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products 30,280 29.44 61,240 24.62
Demonstrators and product promoters (4) 14.26 29,650 12.46
Real estate brokers 380 45.96 95,610 43.87
Real estate sales agents 4,340 22.17 46,110 15.91
Sales engineers 1,830 47.05 97,860 44.17
Telemarketers 4,820 10.32 21,470 8.98
Sales and related workers, all other 2,450 16.41 34,120 11.90
Office and administrative support occupations 411,560 14.68 30,540 13.59
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers 26,800 22.93 47,700 21.39
Switchboard operators, including answering service 2,320 11.02 22,930 10.54
Bill and account collectors 10,250 14.95 31,090 14.82
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 8,120 14.55 30,260 14.37
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 33,150 15.45 32,130 14.90
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 3,680 15.98 33,230 15.57
Procurement clerks 1,020 15.34 31,900 14.35
Tellers 8,890 11.53 23,970 11.29
Brokerage clerks 820 18.61 38,710 17.59
Correspondence clerks (4) 15.03 31,270 15.22
Court, municipal, and license clerks 830 14.11 29,360 13.32
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 1,150 15.29 31,810 14.06
Customer service representatives 45,610 14.09 29,310 13.24
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 490 18.30 38,070 17.41
File clerks 4,650 11.63 24,200 10.48
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 2,610 8.03 16,710 7.95
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 5,330 13.87 28,850 13.82
Library assistants, clerical 1,070 10.00 20,790 9.51
Loan interviewers and clerks 2,510 18.31 38,070 18.49
New accounts clerks 1,380 15.05 31,300 14.60
Order clerks 4,200 13.53 28,140 12.69
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping 2,500 16.49 34,300 15.94
Receptionists and information clerks 19,540 10.95 22,770 10.55
All other information and record clerks 2,330 15.62 32,490 14.10
Cargo and freight agents 3,220 16.48 34,270 15.66
Couriers and messengers 1,660 13.67 28,440 12.14
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 1,830 14.97 31,130 14.72
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 3,870 17.23 35,840 16.47
Meter readers, utilities 590 12.96 26,950 12.85
Postal service clerks 590 21.40 44,510 21.71
Postal service mail carriers 5,610 21.18 44,050 21.48
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing
machine operators 2,920 20.64 42,930 21.54
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 5,090 18.58 38,650 17.84
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 12,440 12.89 26,820 12.21
Stock clerks and order fillers 27,770 10.60 22,050 9.86
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping 2,110 12.59 26,180 11.87
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 38,390 18.82 39,140 18.12
Legal secretaries 4,350 21.97 45,710 23.26
Medical secretaries 3,980 14.07 29,260 13.56
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 40,380 12.84 26,710 12.70
Computer operators 2,300 16.27 33,830 15.86
Data entry keyers 5,270 11.72 24,380 11.37
Word processors and typists 820 16.70 34,740 15.88
Desktop publishers 300 18.02 37,490 16.96
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 2,680 14.46 30,080 13.43
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except
postal service 1,740 11.64 24,210 11.55
Office clerks, general 41,870 11.29 23,490 10.79
Office machine operators, except computer 2,280 12.24 25,470 11.29
Proofreaders and copy markers 60 13.50 28,070 13.93
Statistical assistants 60 18.80 39,100 17.05
Office and administrative support workers, all other 1,300 14.48 30,120 14.26
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 2,360 10.03 20,870 7.81
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and
forestry workers (4) 28.99 60,300 31.10
Agricultural inspectors (4) 24.16 50,260 23.20
Graders and sorters, agricultural products 360 7.87 16,360 7.52
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 1,110 8.06 16,770 7.73
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals 530 7.44 15,470 6.81
Logging equipment operators (4) 15.57 32,390 15.78
Construction and extraction occupations 158,900 15.02 31,240 13.65
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades
and extraction workers 13,060 24.49 50,930 22.65
Boilermakers 1,440 21.28 44,260 19.82
Brickmasons and blockmasons 1,610 18.47 38,410 18.53
Carpenters 9,810 14.71 30,600 14.58
Carpet installers (4) 13.92 28,960 12.83
Tile and marble setters 970 13.94 29,000 14.13
Cement masons and concrete finishers 5,770 11.90 24,740 11.68
Terrazzo workers and finishers 90 14.57 30,300 12.81
Construction laborers 34,120 9.87 20,520 9.47
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 1,400 12.38 25,750 11.95
Pile-driver operators 150 16.88 35,110 15.95
Operating engineers and other construction equipment
operators 8,870 14.64 30,450 14.21
Drywall and ceiling tile installers 4,350 14.04 29,200 13.71
Tapers 170 13.92 28,960 13.15
Electricians 13,990 19.62 40,810 19.37
Glaziers 780 16.94 35,220 17.25
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 1,640 13.18 27,420 11.93
Insulation workers, mechanical 990 16.53 34,380 16.23
Painters, construction and maintenance 4,760 13.04 27,120 12.81
Paperhangers (4) 14.92 31,040 14.00
Pipelayers 1,950 12.02 25,000 11.88
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 8,230 19.44 40,440 19.09
Plasterers and stucco masons 530 13.01 27,050 13.08
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 1,790 13.92 28,950 13.05
Roofers 780 14.63 30,430 13.80
Sheet metal workers 3,050 16.03 33,350 15.63
Structural iron and steel workers 2,090 15.52 32,280 15.79
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile
and marble setters 1,380 10.33 21,490 10.45
Helpers--carpenters 1,430 11.08 23,060 11.08
Helpers--electricians 3,490 11.99 24,940 11.65
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco
masons 800 8.99 18,700 8.91
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and
steamfitters 3,720 12.19 25,360 11.80
Helpers--roofers 330 11.29 23,490 10.94
Helpers, construction trades, all other 1,100 11.29 23,480 10.93
Construction and building inspectors 1,630 23.76 49,430 20.76
Elevator installers and repairers 480 20.90 43,470 20.83
Fence erectors (4) 12.26 25,500 10.78
Hazardous materials removal workers 1,270 15.10 31,410 13.58
Highway maintenance workers (4) 13.37 27,800 13.05
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators (4) 12.57 26,140 11.71
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners (4) 14.86 30,910 15.25
Segmental pavers (4) 8.79 18,270 8.98
Construction and related workers, all other 610 16.24 33,780 14.81
Derrick operators, oil and gas 2,640 17.21 35,810 16.25
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas (4) 19.41 40,380 17.59
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining 3,130 18.42 38,300 16.20
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 220 14.46 30,080 14.96
Roustabouts, oil and gas 6,720 12.98 27,000 12.67
Helpers--extraction workers (4) 12.75 26,510 11.35
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 99,580 17.73 36,880 16.14
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers 8,310 26.88 55,910 25.72
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 2,980 15.00 31,200 13.10
Radio mechanics 310 17.19 35,750 17.86
Avionics technicians (4) 20.58 42,810 18.72
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 520 15.55 32,330 15.35
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers,
transportation equipment 260 18.05 37,540 18.46
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and
industrial equipment 1,400 23.28 48,420 23.25
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse,
substation, and relay 270 34.85 72,480 38.14
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor
vehicles (4) 14.23 29,590 12.05
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and
repairers 730 15.33 31,880 12.67
Security and fire alarm systems installers 840 14.53 30,230 14.13
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 2,060 25.78 53,620 25.08
Automotive body and related repairers 2,190 16.94 35,230 15.87
Automotive glass installers and repairers 250 14.39 29,930 13.53
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 10,780 16.04 33,350 15.35
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 4,850 16.90 35,160 16.57
Farm equipment mechanics 130 12.63 26,270 13.01
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 3,130 16.78 34,900 16.20
Rail car repairers 510 16.45 34,210 14.24
Motorboat mechanics 230 13.97 29,060 13.36
Motorcycle mechanics 170 19.87 41,320 17.40
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 600 13.34 27,750 12.32
Bicycle repairers (4) 9.88 20,560 10.61
Recreational vehicle service technicians 120 17.50 36,390 17.37
Tire repairers and changers 1,720 10.78 22,410 10.53
Mechanical door repairers (4) 16.60 34,540 14.94
Control and valve installers and repairers, except
mechanical door 1,760 18.30 38,050 17.08
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
and installers 5,050 18.46 38,390 17.31
Home appliance repairers 530 17.19 35,760 13.19
Industrial machinery mechanics 7,200 20.86 43,390 20.02
Maintenance and repair workers, general 23,410 14.33 29,800 13.24
Maintenance workers, machinery 920 14.27 29,690 13.66
Millwrights 950 20.48 42,600 21.46
Electrical power-line installers and repairers 1,850 24.62 51,200 24.94
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 2,810 19.81 41,200 21.39
Medical equipment repairers 690 19.37 40,290 20.46
Musical instrument repairers and tuners 120 17.36 36,110 15.10
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other (4) 29.41 61,160 31.98
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and
repairers 440 12.85 26,720 12.90
Locksmiths and safe repairers 390 15.43 32,100 15.68
Riggers 670 19.46 40,480 19.44
Signal and track switch repairers (4) 17.00 35,350 16.45
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 4,380 11.07 23,040 10.71
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 920 13.71 28,510 11.11
Production occupations 183,010 15.15 31,510 13.03
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers 14,690 26.40 54,920 24.32
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers 360 12.57 26,150 12.80
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 3,660 11.48 23,890 10.63
Electromechanical equipment assemblers 1,330 12.64 26,300 11.51
Engine and other machine assemblers 250 12.74 26,500 10.93
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 4,530 13.54 28,150 13.28
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators 230 11.70 24,340 11.27
Team assemblers 19,380 10.81 22,480 10.17
Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators 30 15.10 31,410 14.40
Assemblers and fabricators, all other 4,100 8.33 17,330 7.50
Bakers 1,400 9.89 20,570 9.81
Butchers and meat cutters 2,020 12.22 25,420 12.37
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 490 8.29 17,240 8.01
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders (4) 10.58 22,010 10.23
Food batchmakers 1,180 8.68 18,050 7.75
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 660 8.36 17,390 7.91
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and
plastic 4,500 15.31 31,850 15.52
Numerical tool and process control programmers 440 18.75 39,000 17.90
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 2,480 13.40 27,870 12.94
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 940 10.78 22,430 9.59
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 380 14.03 29,190 11.44
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 3,980 12.59 26,180 11.96
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 750 12.34 25,670 12.16
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool
setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 2,760 11.44 23,800 10.53
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 1,940 13.66 28,410 13.13
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 790 14.57 30,300 14.49
Machinists 11,800 16.26 33,820 15.75
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 160 11.84 24,640 10.62
Pourers and casters, metal 60 10.91 22,690 9.94
Model makers, metal and plastic (4) 16.14 33,570 14.67
Patternmakers, metal and plastic (4) 12.18 25,330 11.56
Foundry mold and coremakers (4) 11.45 23,810 11.90
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 1,750 11.49 23,900 10.67
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 610 10.79 22,440 10.30
Tool and die makers 560 17.60 36,600 17.92
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 14,260 15.93 33,130 15.38
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 800 12.36 25,710 11.44
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 740 14.25 29,630 14.54
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic 390 13.18 27,410 12.28
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 1,030 13.88 28,880 12.53
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 190 14.30 29,750 14.18
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other (4) 19.49 40,540 20.57
Bindery workers 560 11.63 24,190 11.54
Bookbinders 110 10.85 22,560 9.75
Job printers 490 15.58 32,410 15.29
Prepress technicians and workers 990 13.88 28,880 13.14
Printing machine operators 1,990 13.89 28,900 13.49
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 4,370 7.71 16,040 7.43
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 1,730 7.41 15,420 7.02
Sewing machine operators 1,200 9.52 19,810 9.56
Shoe and leather workers and repairers (4) 10.62 22,080 10.03
Sewers, hand 130 7.44 15,470 7.05
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 930 11.27 23,450 10.87
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 180 10.70 22,250 11.04
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and
tenders, synthetic and glass fibers 150 11.11 23,120 10.58
Upholsterers 260 11.73 24,400 11.54
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 890 12.73 26,490 11.80
Furniture finishers 360 11.72 24,370 12.29
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 610 10.53 21,910 9.79
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders,
except sawing 1,140 10.65 22,160 10.23
Power distributors and dispatchers 80 29.81 62,010 28.40
Power plant operators 590 28.75 59,800 28.04
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 790 18.79 39,090 18.98
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators 1,570 15.99 33,250 15.19
Chemical plant and system operators 6,670 26.79 55,720 27.78
Gas plant operators 570 24.82 51,620 25.02
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and
gaugers 7,160 26.86 55,870 26.13
Plant and system operators, all other 150 20.71 43,070 20.60
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 3,010 25.35 52,720 26.59
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and
still machine setters, operators, and tenders 870 16.67 34,670 14.45
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 1,070 12.12 25,210 11.58
Grinding and polishing workers, hand 620 10.89 22,650 10.66
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and
tenders 3,760 12.62 26,260 11.14
Cutters and trimmers, hand 180 9.27 19,290 9.03
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders 1,330 11.10 23,090 10.23
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine
setters, operators, and tenders 1,500 11.26 23,420 10.25
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders 370 12.75 26,520 10.84
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 8,560 15.82 32,900 14.35
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers (4) 12.08 25,120 11.08
Dental laboratory technicians 620 13.52 28,120 12.54
Medical appliance technicians (4) 17.35 36,090 17.27
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians 480 10.32 21,460 10.07
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 4,730 11.39 23,690 10.49
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters,
operators, and tenders 2,110 10.53 21,900 9.84
Painters, transportation equipment 990 16.12 33,520 14.80
Painting, coating, and decorating workers 450 11.93 24,810 10.12
Photographic process workers 390 10.02 20,840 9.54
Photographic processing machine operators 700 8.94 18,590 8.51
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders 430 10.32 21,460 9.65
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment
operators and tenders 180 10.34 21,500 9.05
Etchers and engravers (4) 11.56 24,040 11.91
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 390 11.58 24,090 10.67
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 360 12.95 26,930 12.65
Helpers--production workers 6,710 9.78 20,340 9.06
Production workers, all other 1,040 11.88 24,710 11.01
Transportation and material moving occupations 172,600 13.94 29,000 11.47
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors 70 (5) (5) (5)
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers,
and material movers, hand 3,280 19.41 40,370 18.81
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and
material-moving machine and vehicle operators 3,300 23.93 49,780 22.71
Commercial pilots 600 (3) 53,640 (3)
Air traffic controllers 790 55.32 115,060 64.66
Airfield operations specialists (4) 15.39 32,020 15.45
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency
medical technicians 50 9.75 20,270 9.61
Bus drivers, transit and intercity 4,030 15.27 31,760 16.09
Bus drivers, school 7,790 10.12 21,060 9.78
Driver/sales workers 5,810 10.52 21,880 8.58
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 27,820 16.12 33,540 15.15
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 14,360 12.56 26,130 11.63
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 2,110 10.65 22,140 9.15
Motor vehicle operators, all other 680 8.98 18,680 8.03
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators (4) 12.40 25,800 12.34
Railroad conductors and yardmasters (4) 19.57 40,710 19.16
Sailors and marine oilers (4) 12.68 26,380 11.63
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 1,540 26.11 54,310 25.85
Parking lot attendants 3,830 8.30 17,270 7.78
Service station attendants 1,330 9.09 18,920 8.68
Traffic technicians 80 18.62 38,720 17.18
Transportation inspectors 480 24.59 51,140 21.85
Transportation workers, all other 1,530 17.25 35,880 15.00
Conveyor operators and tenders 760 12.74 26,490 12.97
Crane and tower operators 2,380 16.46 34,230 16.54
Dredge operators (4) 19.58 40,720 18.36
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 1,730 13.18 27,420 12.81
Hoist and winch operators 40 11.68 24,290 11.54
Industrial truck and tractor operators 10,690 12.15 25,270 11.66
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 7,070 9.14 19,010 8.44
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 41,750 10.10 21,010 9.56
Machine feeders and offbearers (4) 11.13 23,140 11.00
Packers and packagers, hand (4) 7.88 16,380 7.16
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators (4) 19.62 40,810 18.39
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers 860 21.86 45,470 23.20
Wellhead pumpers 150 16.10 33,480 15.62
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 1,490 13.72 28,530 11.67
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 650 16.98 35,320 16.03
Material moving workers, all other (4) 19.23 40,000 19.12
=================================================================================================
(1) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round,
full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly
mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(2) Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.
(3) Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per
year are not available.
(4) Indicates that an employment estimate is not available.
(5) Indicates that a wage estimate is not available.
(6) There is a wide variation in the number of hours worked by those employed as actors, dancers,
singers, and musicians. Many jobs are for the duration of 1 day or 1 week, and it is extremely
rare for a performer to have guaranteed employment for a period that exceeds 3 to 6 months.
Therefore only hourly wages are available for these occupations.
Last Modified Date: June 21, 2007
Bureau of Labor Statistics
