U.S. Dept. of Commerce / NOAA / OAR / GFDL *Disclaimer  

This is a partial listing of GFDL publications. A more up-to-date version is available on-line at http://www.gfdl.gov/~gth/netscape/bibliography.html. A hardcopy of the complete bibliography can also be obtained by calling (609) 452-6502, or by writing to:

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 (1427) Mahlman, J.D., A Scientist's Perspective on Integrated Observing and Long-Term Monitoring Systems, in First Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, American Meteorological Society, pp. 76-78, 1997.

 (1428) Delworth, T.L., S. Manabe, and R.J. Stouffer, Multidecadal Climate Variability in the Greenland Sea and Surrounding Regions: A Coupled Model Simulation, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(3), 257-260, 1997.

 * (1429) Griffies, S.M., and K. Bryan, Predictability of North Atlantic Multidecadal Climate Variability, Science, 275, 181-184, 1997.

 * (1430) Winton, M., The Damping Effect of Bottom Topography on Internal Decadal-Scale Oscillations of the Thermohaline Circulation, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27(1), 203-208, 1997.

 * (1431) Knutson, T.R., S. Manabe, and D. Gu, Simulated ENSO in a Global Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model: Multidecadal Amplitude Modulation and CO₂ Sensitivity, Journal of Climate, 10(1), 138-161, 1997.

 * (1432) Gu, D., and S.G.H. Philander, Interdecadal Climate Fluctuations that Depend on Exchanges Between the Tropics and Extratropics, Science, 275, 805-807, 1997.

 (1433) Delworth, T.L., S. Manabe, and R.J. Stouffer, Interannual to Interdecadal Variability in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model, in Proceedings of International Workshop on Numerical Prediction of Oceanic Conditions, Tokyo, Japan, 7-11 March 1995, pp. 99-107, 1997.

 (1434) Winton, M., The Effect of Cold Climates upon North Atlantic Deep Water Formation in a Simple Ocean-Atmosphere Model, Journal of Climate, 10(1), 37-51, 1997.

 (1435) Bender, M.A., The Effect of Relative Flow on the Asymmetric Structure in the Interior of Hurricanes, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 54(6), 703-724, 1997.

 (1436) Manabe, S., Early Development in the Study of Greenhouse Warming: The Emergence of Climate Models, Ambio (Special volume commemorating 100th year anniversary of the publication of "Arrhenius" paper on Greenhouse Warming), 26(1), 47-51, 1997.

 (1437) Lau, N.-C., Interactions Between Global SST Anomalies and the Midlatitude Atmospheric Circulation, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78(1), 21-33, 1997.

 * (1438) Ramaswamy, V., and C.-T. Chen, Linear Additivity of Climate Response for Combined Albedo and Greenhouse Perturbations, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(5), 567-570, 1997.

 * (1439) Balasubramanian, G., and S.T. Garner, The Role of Momentum Fluxes in Shaping the Life Cycle of a Baroclinic Wave, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 54(4), 510-533, 1997.

 * (1440) Ramaswamy, V., and C.-T. Chen, Climate Forcing-Response Relationships for Greenhouse and Shortwave Radiative Perturbations, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(6), 667-670, 1997.

 (1441) Hamilton, K., The Role of Parameterized Drag in a Troposphere-Stratosphere-Mesosphere General Circulation Model, in Gravity Waves Processes, Their Parameterization in Global Climate Models, edited by K. Hamilton, Springer-Verlag, pp.337-350, 1997.

 (1442) Donner, L.J., C.J. Seman, and J.P. Sheldon, Cloud-Radiative Interactions in High-Resolution Cloud-Resolving Models, in Preprints 9th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Long Beach, CA, 2-7 February 1997, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 47-48, 1997.

 * (1443) Swanson, K.L., P.J. Kushner, and I.M. Held, Dynamics of Barotropic Storm Tracks, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 54(7), 791-810, 1997.

 (1444) Manabe, S., and R.J. Stouffer, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model Response to Freshwater Input: Comparison to Younger Dryas Event, Paleoceanography, 12(2), 321-336, 1997.

 * (1445) Levy II, H., P.S. Kasibhatla, W.J. Moxim, A.A. Klonecki, A.I. Hirsch, S.J. Oltmans, and W.L. Chameides, The Global Impact of Human Activity on Tropospheric Ozone, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(7), 791-794, 1997.

 * (1446) Zhang, Y., On the Mechanisms for the Mid-winter Suppression of the Pacific Stormtrack, Ph.D. Dissertation, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, 1997.

 * (1447) Treguier, A.M., I.M. Held, and V.D. Larichev, Parameterization of Quasigeostrophic Eddies in Primitive Equation Ocean Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27(4), 567-580, 1997.

 * (1448) Lanzante, J.R., and G.E. Gahrs, Examination of Some Biases in Satellite and Radiosonde Measures of Upper Tropospheric Humidity using a Framework for the Comparison of Redundant Measurement Systems, in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop, Huntsville, AL, October 1996, pp. 352-355, 1997.

 (1449) Anderson, J.L., A. Rosati, and R.G. Gudgel, Potential Predictability in an Ensemble of Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model Seasonal Forecasts, in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop, Huntsville, AL, October 1996, pp. 18-21, 1997.

 (1450) Anderson, J.L., and R.G. Gudgel, Impact of Atmospheric Initial Conditions on Seasonal Predictions with a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model, in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop, Huntsville, AL, October 1996, pp. 61-66, 1997.

 * (1451) Peng, P., and N.-C. Lau, The Impact of the Monthly-Varying Global SST Anomalies on the Northern Hemisphere Circulation as Seen in an Ensemble of NCEP GCM Simulations, in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop, Huntsville, AL, October 1996, pp. 102-105, 1997.

 (1452) Hayashi, Y., and D.G. Golder, United Mechanisms for the Generation of Low- and High-Frequency Tropical Waves: Part I: Control Experiments with Moist Convective Adjustment, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 54(9), 1262-1276, 1997.

 * (1453) Hall, A., and S. Manabe, Can Local Linear Stochastic Theory Explain Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity Variability?, Climate Dynamics, (13), 167-180, 1997.

 (1454) Williams, G.P., Planetary Vortices and Jupiter's Vertical Structure, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(E4), 9303-9308, 1997.

 * (1455) Vitart, F., J.L. Anderson, W.F. Stern, Simulation of Interannual Variability of Tropical Storm Frequency in an Ensemble of GCM Integrations, Journal of Climate, 10(4), 745-760, 1997.

 * (1456) Jones, P.W., K. Hamilton, and R.J. Wilson, A Very High-Resolution General Circulation Model Simulation of the Global Circulation in Austral Winter, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 54(8), 1107-1116, 1997.

 (1457) Rosati, A., K. Miyakoda, and R. Gudgel, The Impact of Ocean Initial Conditions on ENSO Forecasting with a Coupled Model, Monthly Weather Review, 125(5), 754-772, 1997.

 * (1458) Li, J., S.M. Freidenreich, and V. Ramaswamy, Solar Spectral Weight at Low Cloud Tops, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(D10), 11,139-11,143, 1997.

 * (1459) Soden, B., Variations in the Tropical Greenhouse Effect during El Niño, Journal of Climate, 10(5), 1050-1055, 1997.

 * (1460) Li, X., P. Chang, and R.C. Pacanowski, A Wave-Induced Stirring Mechanism in the Mid-depth Equatorial Ocean, Journal of Marine Research, 54, 487-520, 1996.

 (1461) Kurihara, Y., M.A. Bender, and R.E. Tuleya, For Hurricane Intensity Forecast: Formulation of a New Initialization Method for the GFDL Hurricane Prediction Model, in Preprints 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Ft. Collins, CO, 19-23 May 1997, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 543-544, 1997.

 (1462) Knutson, T., R. Tuleya, and Y. Kurihara, Exploring the Sensitivity of Hurricane Intensity to CO2-Induced Global Warming using the GFDL Hurricane Prediction System, in Preprints 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Ft. Collins, CO, 19-23 May 1997, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 587-588, 1997.

 * (1463) Bender, M.A., C.-C. Wu, M.A. Rennick, and Y. Kurihara, Comparison of the GFDL Hurricane Model Prediction in the Western Pacific using the NOGAPS and AVN Global Analysis, in Preprints 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Ft. Collins, CO, 19-23 May 1997, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 615-616, 1997.

 * (1464) Wacongne, S., and R.C. Pacanowski, Seasonal Heat Transport in a Primitive Equations Model of the Tropical Indian Ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 26(12), 2666-2699, 1996.

 * (1465) Burpee, R.W., J.L. Franklin, S.J. Lord, R.E. Tuleya, and S.D. Aberson, The Impact of Omega Dropwindsondes on Operational Hurricane Track Forecast Models, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(5), 925-933, 1996.

 * (1466) Milly, P.C.D., Sensitivity of Greenhouse Summer Dryness to Changes in Plant Rooting Characteristics, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(3), 269-271, 1997.

 * (1467) Li, T., S.G.H. Philander, On the Annual Cycle of the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, Journal of Climate, 9(12), 2986-2998, 1996

 * (1468) Philander, S.G.H., D. Gu, D. Halpern, G. Lambert, N.-C. Lau, T. Li, R.C. Pacanowski, Why the ITCZ is Mostly North of the Equator, Journal of Climate, 9(12), 2958-2972, 1996.

 (1469) Hamilton, K., Observation of an Ultraslow Large-Scale Wave Near the Tropical Tropopause, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(D12), 13,457-13,464, 1997

 * (1470) Tuleya, R.E., and S.J. Lord, The Impact of Dropwindsonde Data on GFDL Hurricane Model Forecasts using Global Analyses, Weather and Forecasting, 12(2), 307-323, 1997.

 * (1471) Gnanadesikan, A., and R.C. Pacanowski, Improved Representation of Flow Around Topography in the GFDL Modular Ocean Model MOM2, International WOCE Newsletter, 27, 23-25, 1997.

 (1472) Manabe, S., and R.J. Stouffer, Climate Variability of a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Surface Model: Implication for the Detection of Global Warming, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78(6), 1177-1185, 1997.

 * (1473) Haywood, J.M., R.J. Stouffer, R.T. Wetherald, S. Manabe, and V. Ramaswamy, Transient Response of a Coupled Model to Estimated Changes in Greenhouse Gas and Sulfate Concentrations, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(11), 1335-1338, 1997.

 * (1474) Zhang, Y., K.R. Sperber, J.S. Boyle, M.R. Dix, L. Ferranti, A. Kitoh, K.M. Lau, K. Miyakoda, D. Randall, L. Takacs, and R. Wetherald, GCM Simulated East Asian Winter Monsoon: Results from Eight AMIP Models, PCMDI Report No. 39, 49 pp., 1997.

 * (1475) Ezer, T., and G.L. Mellor, Data Assimilation in the Gulf Stream Region: How Useful are Satellite-Derived Surface Data for Nowcasting the Subsurface Fields?, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 14(6), 1379-1391, 1997.

 * (1476) Ezer, T., and G.L. Mellor, Simulations of the Atlantic Ocean with a Free Surface Sigma Coordinate Ocean Model, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(C7), 15,647-15,657, 1997.

 * (1477) Kelley, J.G.W., F. Aikman II, L.C. Breaker, and G.L. Mellor, Coastal Ocean Forecasts, Sea Technology, 38(5), 10-17, 1997.

 * (1478) Cess, R.D., M.-H. Zhang, G.L. Potter, V. Alekseev, H.W. Barker, S. Bony, R.A. Colman, D.A. Dazlich, A.D. Del Genio, M. Déqué, M.R. Dix, V. Dymnikov, M. Esch, L.D. Fowler, J.R. Fraser, V. Galin, W.L. Gates, J.J. Hack, W.J. Ingram, J.T. Kiehl, Y. Kim, H. LeTreut, X.-Z. Liang, B.J. McAvaney, V.P. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, D.A. Randall, E. Roeckner, M.E. Schlesinger, P.V. Sporyshev, K.E. Taylor, B. Timbal, E.M. Volodin, W. Wang, W.-C. Wang, and R.T. Wetherald, Comparison of the Seasonal Change in Cloud-Radiative Forcing from Atmospheric General Circulation Models and Satellite Observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(D14), 16,593-16,603, 1997.

 * (1479) Koster, R.D., and P.C.D. Milly, The Interplay between Transpiration and Runoff Formulations in Land Surface Schemes used with Atmospheric Models, Journal of Climate, 10(7), 1578-1591, 1997.

 * (1480) Chen, T.H., A. Henderson-Sellers, P.C.D. Milly, A.J. Pitman, A.C.M. Beljaars, J. Polcher, F. Abramopoulos, A. Boone, S. Chang, F. Chen, Y. Dai, C.E. Desborough, R.E. Dickinson, L. Dumenil, M. Ek, J.R. Garratt, N. Gedney, Y.M. Gusev, J. Kim, R. Koster, E.A. Kowalczyk, K. Laval, J. Lean, D. Lettenmaier, X. Liang, J.-F. Mahfouf, H.-T. Mengelkamp, K. Mitchell, O.N. Nasonova, J. Noilhan, A. Robock, C. Rosenzweig, J. Schaake, C.A. Schlosser, J.-P. Schulz, Y. Shao, A.B. Shmakin, D.L. Verseghy, P. Wetzel, E.F. Wood, Y. Xue, Z.-L. Yang, and Q. Zeng, Cabauw Experimental Results from the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS), Journal of Climate, 10(6), 1194-1215, 1997.

 (1481) Mahlman, J.D., Dynamics of Transport Processes in the Upper Troposphere, Science, 276, 1079-1083, 1997.

 * (1482) Hallberg, R., Stable Split Time Stepping Schemes for Large-Scale Ocean Modeling, Journal of Computational Physics, 135, 54-65, 1997.

 * (1483) Haywood, J.M., V. Ramaswamy, and L.J. Donner, A Limited-Area-Model Case Study of the Effects of Sub-Grid Scale Variations in Relative Humidity and Cloud Upon the Direct Radiative Forcing of Sulfate Aerosol, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(2), 143-146, 1997.

 * (1484) Haywood, J.M., D.L. Roberts, A. Slingo, J.M. Edwards, and K.P. Shine, General Circulation Model Calculations of the Direct Radiative Forcing by Anthropogenic Sulfate and Fossil-Fuel Soot Aerosol, Journal of Climate, 10(7), 1562-1577, 1997.

 * (1485) Gruber, N., J.L. Sarmiento, and T.F. Stocker, An Improved Method for Detecting Anthropogenic CO₂ in the Oceans, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 809-837, 1996.

 * (1486) Sarmiento, J.L., and C. LeQuéré, Oceanic CO₂ Uptake in a Model of Century-Scale Global Warming, Science, 274, 1346-1350, 1996.

 * (1487) Key, R.M., WOCE Pacific Ocean Radiocarbon Program, Radiocarbon, 38(3), 415-423, 1997.

 * (1488) Key, R.M., and P.D. Quay, WOCE AMS Radiocarbon I: Pacific Ocean Results: P6, P16, and P17, Radiocarbon, 38(3), 425-518, 1997.

 * (1489) Stuiver, M., H.G. Ostlund, R.M. Key, and P.J. Reimer, Large Volume WOCE Radiocarbon Sampling in the Pacific Ocean, Radiocarbon, 38(3), 519-561, 1997.

 (1490) Hayashi, Y., and D.G. Golder, United Mechanisms for the Generation of Low- and High-Frequency Tropical Waves, Part II: Theoretical Interpretations, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 75(4), 775-797, 1997.

 (1491) Schwarzkopf, M.D., and V. Ramaswamy, Stratospheric Climatic Effects due to CH₄, N₂O, CFCs, and the H₂O Infrared Continuum: A GCM Experiment, in IRS 96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, International Radiation Symposium, Fairbanks, Alaska, 19-24 August 1996, pp. 336-339, 1997.

 (1492) Donner, L.J., C.J. Seman, R.S. Hemler, and J.P. Sheldon, Radiative Transfer in a Three-Dimensional Cloud-System-Resolving Model, in IRS 96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, International Radiation Symposium, Fairbanks, Alaska, August 1996, pp. 109-112, 1997.

 * (1493) Chen, C.-T., and V. Ramaswamy, Climate Sensitivity to Solar and Greenhouse Radiative Forcings, in IRS 96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, International Radiation Symposium, Fairbanks, Alaska, August 1996, pp. 279-281, 1997.

 (1494) Ramaswamy, V., and S.M. Freidenreich, Absorption of Solar Radiation in Overcast Atmospheres, in IRS 96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, International Radiation Symposium, Fairbanks, Alaska, August 1996, pp. 125-127, 1997.

 (1495) Freidenreich, S.M., and V. Ramaswamy, A New Miulti-Band Solar Radiative Parameterization, preprint of the 9th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Long Beach, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 129-130, 1997.

 * (1496) Hurtt, G.C., Ocean Ecosystem Models for Use in Studies of the Air-Sea Balance of Carbon Dioxide, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 1997.

 (1497) Gruber, N., and J.L. Sarmiento, Global Patterns of Marine Nitrogen Fixation and Denitrification, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 11(2), 235-266, 1997.

 * (1498) Michaels, A.F., D. Olson, J.L. Sarmiento, J.W. Ammerman, K. Fanning, R. Jahnke, A.H. Knap, F. Lipschultz, J.M. Prospero, Inputs, Losses and Transformations of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Pelagic North Atlantic Ocean, Biogeochemistry, 35, 181-226, 1997.

 * (1499) Sabine, C.L., D.W.R. Wallace, and F.J. Millero, Survey of CO₂ in the Oceans Reveals Clues about Global Carbon Cycle, EOS, 78(5), 49, 54-55, 1997.

 * (1500) Hurtt, G.C., and R.A. Armstrong, A Pelagic Ecosystem Model Calibrated with BATS Data, Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 43(2-3), 653-683, 1996.

 * (1501) Klonecki, A., and H. Levy II, Tropospheric Chemical Ozone Tendencies in CO-CH₄-NO_y-H₂O System: Their Sensitivity to Variations in Environmental Parameters and their Application to a Global Chemistry Transport Model Study, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(D17), 21,221-21,237, 1997.

 * (1502) Donner, L.J., C.J. Seman, B.J. Soden, R.S. Hemler, J.C. Warren, J. Strom, and K.-N. Liou, Large-Scale Ice Clouds in the GFDL SKYHI General Circulation Model, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(D18), 21,745-21,768, 1997.

 * (1503) Nakamura, H., M. Nakamura, and J.L. Anderson, The Role of High- and Low-Frequency Dynamics in the Blocking Formation, Monthly Weather Review, 125(9), 2074-2093, 1997.

 * (1504) Haywood, J.M., and K.P. Shine, Multi-Spectral Calculations of the Direct Radiative Forcing of Tropospheric Sulphate and Soot Aerosols using a Column Model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 123, 1907-1930, 1997.

 * (1505) Meehl, G.A., G.J. Boer, C. Covey, M. Latif, and R.J. Stouffer, Intercomparison Makes for a Better Climate Model, EOS, Transactions, 78(41), 445-446, 1997.

 (1506) Christensen, N., J. Christy, R. Cooper, F. Culler, D. Hagen, R. Lindzen, J.D. Mahlman, L.D. Meeker, A. Robock, W. Schlesinger, H.H. Schmitt, M. Weidenbaum, and P. Wilcoxen, Global Climate Change: Policy Making in the Context of Scientific and Economic Uncertainty, The Annapolis Center, 15 pp., 1997.

 * (1507) Griffies, S.M., and K. Bryan, A Predictability Study of Simulated North Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, Climate Dynamics, 13, 459-487, 1997.

 * (1508) Spangenberg, D.A., G.G. Mace, T.P. Ackerman, N.L. Seaman, and B.J. Soden, Evaluation of Model-Simulated Upper Troposphere Humidity using 6.7 m Satellite Observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(D22), 25,737-25,749, 1997.

 (1509) Anderson, J.L., The Impact of Dynamical Constraints on the Selection of Initial Conditions for Ensemble Predictions: Low-order Perfect Model Results, Monthly Weather Review, 125(11), 2969-2983, 1997.

 * (1510) Haywood, J.M., K.P. Shine, and A. Slingo, Direct Radiative Forcing of Anthropogenic Sulfate and Soot Aerosol using a Flexible Radiation Code and a GCM, In IRS '96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, edited by William L. Smith and Knut Stamnes, A. Deepak Publishers, pp. 324-327, 1997.

 * (1511) Klein, S., Synoptic Variability of Low-Cloud Properties and Meteorological Parameters in the Subtropical Trade Wind Boundary Layer, Journal of Climate, 10, 2018-2039, 1997.

 * (1512) Hallberg, R., Localized Coupling Between Surface and Bottom-Intensified Flow Over Topography, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27, 977-998, 1997.

 (1513) Mahlman, J.D., Uncertainties in Projections of Human-Caused Climate Warming, Science, 278, 1416-1417, 1997.

 (1514) Lau, N.-C., and M.W. Crane, Comparing Satellite and Surface Observations of Cloud Patterns in Synoptic-Scale Circulation Systems, Monthly Weather Review, 125(12), 3172-3189, 1997.

 (1515) Hamilton, K., Meteorological Measurements on Ozonesonde Ascents: A Valuable Resource for Stratospheric Climatology, SPARC Newsletter, 9, 23, 1997.

 * (1516) Forbes, J.M., M.E. Hagan, X. Zhang, and K. Hamilton, Upper Atmosphere Tidal Oscillations Due to Latent Heat Release in the Tropical Troposphere, Annals Geophysicae, 15, 1165-1175, 1997.

 (1517) Miyakoda, K., J. Ploshay, and A. Rosati, Preliminary Study on SST Forecast Skill Associated with the 1982/83 El Niño Process using Coupled Model Data Assimilation, Atmosphere-Ocean Special, XXXV (No.1), 469-486, 1997.

 * (1518) Balasubramanian, G., and S.T. Garner, The Equilibration of Short Baroclinic Waves, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 54(24), 2850-2871, 1997.

 * (1519) Ezer, T., and G.L. Mellor, Data Assimilation Experiments in the Gulf Stream Region: How Useful are Satellite-Derived Surface Data for Nowcasting the Subsurface Fields? Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 14(6), 1379-1391, 1997.

 (1520) Broccoli, A.J., and S. Manabe, Mountains and Midlatitude Aridity, In Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change, edited by William F. Ruddiman, Plenum Press, pp. 89-121, 1997.

 * (1521) Hayashi, Y., D.G. Golder, and P.W. Jones, Tropical Gravity Waves and Superclusters Simulated by High-Horizontal-Resolution SKYHI General Circulation Models, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 75(6), 1125-1139, 1997.

 (1522) Hamilton, K., and R.S. Hemler, Appearance of a Super Typhoon in a Global Climate Model Simulation, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78(12), 2874-2876, 1997.

 * (1523) Heintzenberg, J., R.J. Charlson, A.D. Clarke, C. Liousse, V. Ramaswamy, K.P. Shine, M. Wendisch, and G. Helas, Measurements and Modelling of Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo: Progress, Problems and Prospects, Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, 70(4), 249-263, 1997.

 (1524) Hamilton, K., "Gravity Currents in the Environment and the Laboratory", "EOS, Transactions, 79, 71, 1998.

 (1525) Knutson, T.R., and S. Manabe, Model Assessment of Decadal Variability and Trends in the Tropical Pacific Ocean, in Preprints The Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies and Namias Symposium on the Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction, Phoenix, AZ, 11-16 January 1998, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 216-219, 1998.

 (1526) Kurihara, Y., R.E. Tuleya, A Prospect of Improvement in the Forecast of Hurricane Landfall, in Preprints 16th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting and Symposium on The Research Foci of the U.S. Weather Research Program, Phoenix AZ, 11-16 January 1998, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 524-525, 1998.

 (1527) Knutson, T.R., R.E. Tuleya, and Y. Kurihara, Simulated Increase of Hurricane Intensities in a CO₂-Warmed Climate, Science, 279, 1018-1020, 1998.

 (1528) Hamilton, K., Dynamics of the Tropical Middle Atmosphere, in Proceedings of the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Project Summer School, Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, 25-29 August 1997, edited by J.N. Koshyk and T.G. Shepherd, pp. 212-256, 1998.

 * (1529) Haywood, J., and V. Ramaswamy, Global Sensitivity Studies of the Direct Radiative Forcing due to Anthropogenic Sulfate and Black Carbon Aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(D6), 6043-6058, 1998.

 * (1530) Holt, B., A.K. Liu, D.W. Wang, A. Gnanadesikan, and H.S. Chen, Tracking Storm-Generated Waves in the Northeast Pacific Ocean with ERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery and Buoys, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(C4), 7917-7929, 1998.

 * (1531) Hecht, A., T. Ezer, A. Huss, and A. Shapira, Wind Waves on the Dead Sea, in The Dead Sea: The Lake and its Setting, edited by T.M. Niemi, Z. Ben-Avraham and J.R. Gata, Monographs on Geology and Geophysics, No. 36, Oxford University Press, pp. 114-121, 1997.

 * (1532) Goswami, B.N., Interannual Variations of Indian Summer Monsoon in a GCM: External Conditions versus Internal Feedbacks, Journal of Climate, 11, 501-522, 1998.

 (1533) Kurihara, Y., R.E. Tuleya, and M.A. Bender, The GFDL Hurricane Prediction System and its Performance in the 1995 Hurricane Season, Monthly Weather Review, 126(5), 1306-1322, 1998.

 (1534) Stouffer, R.J., and K.W. Dixon, Initialization of Coupled Models for Use in Climate Studies: A Review, in Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, Report No. 27, WMO/TD-No. 865, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. I.1-I.8, 1998.

 * (1535) Griffies, S.M., A. Gnanadesikan, R.C. Pacanowski, V.D. Larichev, J.K. Dukowicz, and R.D. Smith, Isoneutral Diffusion in a Z-Coordinate Ocean Model, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 28(5), 805-830, 1998.

 (1536) Griffies, S.M., The Gent-McWilliams Skew-Flux, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 28(5), 831-841, 1998.

 * (1537) Andronache, C., L.J. Donner, V. Ramaswamy, C.J. Seman, and R.S. Hemler, The Effects of Atmospheric Sulfur on the Radiative Properties of Convective Clouds: A Limited Area Modeling Study, Geophysical Research Letters, 25(9), 1423-1426, 1998.

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 (ll) Mahlman, J.D., Human-Caused Climate Warming: Implications for Practically Everything, in Environment in Peril, Vol.II, Johns Hopkins University Press, July 1999.

 (lm) Lau, N.-C., and M.J. Nath, Impact of ENSO on the Variability of the Asian-Australian Monsoons as Simulated in GCM Experiments, Journal of Climate, August 1999.

 (ln) Griffies, S.M., An Introduction to Linear Predictability Analysis, in Global Climate, Barcelona, 1999, Proceedings of Global Climate Conference, Barcelona, Spain, September 1999.

 (lo) Griffies, S.M., An Introduction to Ocean Climate Modeling, in Global Climate, Barcelona 1999, Proceedings of Global Climate Conference, Barcelona, Spain, September 1999.

 * (lq) Vitart, F., and J.L. Anderson, Sensitivity of Atlantic Tropical Storm Frequency to ENSO and Interdecadal Variability of SSTs in an Ensemble of GCM Integrations, Journal of Climate, September 1999.

 * (ls) Baldwin, M.P., L.J. Gray, T.J. Dunkerton, K.P. Hamilton, P.H. Haynes, W.J. Randel, J.R. Holton, M.J. Alexander, I. Hirota, T. Horinouchi, D.B.A. Jones, J.S. Kinnersley, C. Marquardt, K. Sato, and M. Takahashi, The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Reviews of Geophysics, September 1999.

 * (lt) Griffies, S.M., R.C. Pacanowski, M. Schmidt, and V. Balaji, The Explicit Free Surface Method in the GFDL Modular Ocean Model, Monthly Weather Review, October 1999.

 * (lu) Koster, R.D., P.A. Dirmeyer, P.C.D. Milly, and G.L. Russell, Comparing GCM-Generated Land Surface Water Budgets Using a Simple Common Framework, in Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes, October 1999.

 (lv) Hamilton, K., Free and Forced Interannual Variability of the Circulation in the Extratropical Northern Hemisphere Middle Atmosphere, AGU Geophysical Monographs, October 1999.

 (lw) Delworth, T.L., A.J. Broccoli, K. Dixon, I. Held, T.R. Knutson, P.J. Kushner, M.J. Spelman, R.J. Stouffer, K.Y. Vinnikov, and R.T. Wetherald, Coupled Climate Modeling at GFDL: Recent Accomplishments and Future Plans, CLIVAR Exchanges Newsletter, November 1999.

 * (lx) Lanzante, J.R., and G.E. Gahrs, On the "Clear Sky Bias" of TOVS Upper Tropospheric Humidity, Journal of Climate, November 1999.

 * (lz) Smith, K.S., and G.K. Vallis, The Scales and Equilibration of Mesoscale Ocean Eddies. Part I: Freely Evolving Flow, Journal of Physical Oceanography, December 1999.

 * (ma) Koshyk, J.N., and K. Hamilton, The Horizontal Kinetic Energy Spectrum and Spectral Budget Simulated by a High-Resolution Troposphere-Stratosphere-Mesosphere GCM, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, December 1999.

 (mc) Griffies, S.M., Review of the Book, Ocean Modeling and Parameterization, E.P. Chassignet and J. Verron, Eds., NATO Science Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 516, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1998, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1999.

 * (mf) Ramachandran, S., V. Ramaswamy, G.L. Stenchikov, and A. Robock, Radiative Impact of the Mt. Pinatubo Volcanic Eruption: Lower Stratospheric Response, Journal of Geophysical Research, December 1999.

 (mg) Broccoli, A.J., T.L. Delworth, and N.-C. Lau, An Assessment of the Relationship Between the Arctic Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere Temperature, Journal of Climate, January 2000.

 (mh) Held, I.M., and B.J. Soden, Water Vapor Feedback and Global Warming, Annual Reviews of Energy and the Environment, January 2000.

 (mi) Carson, S.R., and J.R. Toggweiler, Effect of Tracer Advection Schemes on Biogeochemical Models, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, February 2000.

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 (mk) Soden, B.J., Water Vapor Observations, in Frontiers in the Science of Climate Modeling, February 2000

 (ml) Mahlman, J.D., Scientific Biography of Dr. Syukuro Manabe, Pioneer and World Leader in Mathematical Modeling of Human-Caused Climate Change, in Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, February 2000.

 (mm) Kushner, P.J., I.M. Held, and T.L. Delworth, Southern-Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation Response to Global Warming, Journal of Climate, February 2000.

 * (mn) Donner, L.J., C.J. Seman, R.S. Hemler, and S. Fan, A Cumulus Parameterization Including Mass Fluxes, Convective Vertical Velocities, and Mesoscale Effects: Thermodynamic and Hydrological Aspects in a General Circulation Model, Journal of Climate, February 2000.

 (mo) Delworth, T.L., and K.W. Dixon, Implications of the Recent Trend in the Arctic/North Atlantic Oscillation for the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation, Journal of Climate, March 2000.

 * (mq) Huck, T., and G.K. Vallis, The Use of a Tangent Linear Model for Predicting Oscillations of the Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulation, Tellus, March 2000.

 * (mr) Soden, B.J., C.S. Velden, and R.E. Tuleya, The Impact of Satellite Winds on Experimental GFDL Hurricane Model Forecasts, Monthly Weather Review, March 2000.

 (ms) Lau, N.-C., Impact of ENSO on the Variability of the Asian-Australian Monsoons, in Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate, April 2000.

 * (mt) Shen, W., I. Ginis, and R.E. Tuleya, A Numerical Investigation of Land Surface Water on Landfalling Hurricanes, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, April 2000.

 * (mv) Knutson, T.R., R.E. Tuleya, W. Shen, and I. Ginis, Impact of CO₂-Induced Warming on Hurricane Intensities as Simulated in a Hurricane Model with Ocean Coupling, Journal of Climate, April 2000.

 (mw) Held, I., The Partitioning of the Poleward Energy Transport between the Tropical Ocean and Atmosphere, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, April 2000.

 (mx) Wetherald, R.T., R.J. Stouffer, and K.W. Dixon, Committed Warming and Its Implications for Climate Change, Geophysical Research Letters, April 2000.

 (my) Hallberg, R., Reply, Journal of Physical Oceanography, April 2000.

 * (mz) Toggweiler, J.R., and R.M. Key, Thermohaline Circulation, in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Academic Press, May 2000.

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 * (nb) Persing, J., M.T. Montgomery, and R.E. Tuleya, An Illustration of Hurricane-Trough Interaction in the GFDL Hurricane Model, Monthly Weather Review, May 2000.

 * (nc) Hallberg, R., and A. Gnanadesikan, An Exploration of the Role of Transient Eddies in Determining the Transport of a Zonally Reentrant Current, Journal of Physical Oceanography, May 2000.

 * (nd) Vitart, F., J.L. Anderson, J. Sirutis, and R.E. Tuleya, Sensitivity of Tropical Storms Simulated by a GCM to Changes in Cumulus Parameterization, Climate Dynamics, May 2000.

 * (ne) Garner, S.T., and A.J. Thorpe, Note on "A Simplified Squall-Line Model Revisited", Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, June 2000.

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 (ng) Milly, P.C.D., A Minimalist Probabilistic Description of Root-Zone Soil Water, Water Resources Research, June 2000.

 (ni) Williams, G.P., Jovian Dynamics, Part II: The Genesis and Equilibration of Vortex Sets, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, June 2000.

 (nj) Mahlman, J.D., and R.J. Stouffer, Projection of Future Changes in Climate, in Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, June 2000.

 (nk) Lau, N.-C., and M.J. Nath, Impact of ENSO on SST Variability in the North Pacific and North Atlantic: Seasonal Dependence and Role of Extratropical Air-Sea Coupling, Journal of Climate, July 2000.

 (nl) Gudgel, R.G., A. Rosati, and C.T. Gordon, The Impact of Prescribed Land and Ocean Low-Level Tropical Clouds on the Tropical Circulation in a Coupled Atmospheric-Ocean GCM, Monthly Weather Review, July 2000.

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 (nn) Manabe, S., T.R. Knutson, R.J. Stouffer, and T.L. Delworth, Exploring Natural and Anthropogenic Variation of Climate, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, July 2000.

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 (nq) Jackson, C.S., and A.J. Broccoli, Response of Arctic Climate to Changes in Earth's Orbit, Science, July 2000.

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 * (nu) van Dam, T., J. Wahr, P.C.D. Milly, A.B. Shmakin, G. Blewitt, D. Lavalee, Crustal Displacements Due to Continental Water Loading, Geophysical Research Letters, August 2000.

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 (nw) Hamilton, K., Semiannual Oscillation, in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, August 2000.

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 * (ny) Mehta, V., E. Lindstrom, A. Busalacchi, T. Delworth, C. Deser, L.-L. Fu, J. Hansen, G. Lagerloef, K.-M. Lau, S. Levitus, G. Meehl, G. Mitchum, E. Sarachik, J. Susskind, and W. White, Summary of the Proceedings of the NASA Workshop on Decadal Climate Variability, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, August 2000.

 (nz) Anderson, J.L., An Ensemble Adjustment Filter for Data Assimilation, Monthly Weather Review, September 2000.

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 * (ob) Deutsch, C., N. Gruber, R.M. Key, J.L. Sarmiento, and A. Ganachaud, Denitrification and N2 Fixation in the Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, September 2000.

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 * (od) Key, R.M., Ocean Process Tracers: Natural Radiocarbon, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, edited by J. Steele, S. Thorpe, and K. Turekian, Academic Press Ltd., London, September 2000.

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 * (of) Lamb, M.F., C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, R.M. Key, G.C. Johnson, F.J. Millero, K. Lee, T.-H. Peng, A. Kozyr, J.L. Bullister, D. Greeley, R.H. Byrne, D.W. Chipman, A.G. Dickson, C. Goyet, P.R. Guenther, M. Ishii, K.M. Johnson, C.D. Keeling, T. Ono, K. Shitashima, B. Tilbrook, T. Takahashi, D.W.R. Wallace, Y. Watanabe, C. Winn, and C.S. Wong, Consistency and Synthesis of Pacific Ocean CO₂ Survey Data, Deep-Sea Research, September 2000.

 * (og) Keller, K., R.D. Slater, M. Bender, and R.M. Key, Decadal Scale Trends in North Pacific Nutrient and Oxygen Concentrations: Biological or Physical Explanation, Deep Sea Research, September 2000.

 * (oh) Orr, J.C., E. Maier-Reimer, U. Mikolajewicz, P. Monfray, J.L. Sarmiento, J.R. Toggweiler, N.K. Taylor, J. Palmer, N. Gruber, C.L. Sabine, C. LeQuéré, R.M. Key, and J. Boutin, Estimates of Anthropogenic Carbon Uptake from Four 3-D Global Ocean Models, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, September 2000.

 * (oi) Sabine, C.L., R. Wanninkhof, R.M. Key, C. Goyet, and F.J. Millero, Seasonal CO₂ Fluxes in the Tropical Indian Ocean, Marine Chemistry, September 2000.

 * (oj) Schlosser, P., J.L. Bullister, R. Fine, W.J. Jenkins, R. Key, J. Lupton, W. Roether, and W.M. Smethie, Jr., Transformation and Age of Water Masses, in Proceedings of the WOCE Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, January 2000.

 * (ok) Gnanadesikan, A., R.D. Slater, and J.L. Sarmiento, New Production as a Constraint on Oceanic Vertical Exchange, Deep Sea Research, September 2000.

 * (ol) Roff, G., S. Pawson, U. Langmatz, K. Hamilton, A. Scaife, T. Horinouchi, and R.J. Wilson, Systematic Errors Found in GRIPS, in Proceedings of the ECRP Symposium on Systematic Errors, Melbourne, Australia, October 2000.

 * (om) Andronache, C., L.J. Donner, C.J. Seman, and R.S. Hemler, A Study of the Impact of ITCZ on Aerosols During INDOEX, Journal of Geophysical Research, September 2000.
 
 

 *In collaboration with other organizations
 
 
 
 

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KINNERSLEY, J.S. KIRKEVAG, A. KISLOV, A. KITOH, A. KLEEMAN, R. KLEESPIES, T. KLEIN, S.A. KLONECKI, A.A. KLOOSTER, S. KNAP, A.H. KNAPP, K.R. KNUTSON, T.R. KODERA, K. KOIDE, H. KOSHELKOV, Y. KOSHYK, J.N. KOSTER, R.D. KOWALCZYK, E.A. KOZYR, A. KRATZ, D. KRUEGER, S. KUMAR, A. KUNKEL, K.E. KURIHARA, Y. KUSHNER, P.J. KUTZBACH, J.E. LABITZKE, K. LACIS, A. LAGERLOEF, G. LAHOZ, W.A. LAMB, M.F. LAMBERT, G. LANG, S. LANGEMATZ, U. LANZANTE, J.R. LARICHEV, V.D. LARSON, K. LASZLO, I. LATHROP, J.A. LATIF, M. LAU, K.M. LAU, N.-C. LAVAL, K. LAVALEE, D. LAW, R.M. LEAN, J. LEE, H.-C. LEE, K. LEE, R. LEETMAA, A. LEFOHN, A.S. LeQUÉRÉ, C. LERNER, J. LeTREUT, H. LETTENMAIER, D. LEVIN, I. LEVITUS, S. LEVY II, H. LI, D. LI, G. LI, J. LI, T. LI, X. LIANG, X.-Z. LIN, J-J.R. LINDLEY, S.T. LINDSTROM, E. LINDZEN, R. LIOU, K.-N. LIOUSSE, C. LIPSCHULTZ, F. LIU, A.K. LOHMANN, U. LORD, S.J. LOUTRE, M.F. LUEKER, T.J. LUPTON, J. MA, C.C. MACE, G.G. MAHFOUF, J.-F. MAHLMAN, J.D. MAIER-REIMER, E. MAISS, M. MANABE, S. MANGANELLO, J. MANN, M.E. MANZINI, E. MAQUEDA, M.A. MARCHAL, O. MARSHALL, D.P. MARQUARDT, C. MASINA, S. MASSON, V. McAVANEY, B.J. McFARLANE, N.A. McFARLANE, S.A. McPHADEN, M.J. MEARNS, L.O. MECHOSO, C.R. MEEHL, G.A. MEEKER, L.D. MEHRA, A. MEHTA, V.M. MEIJER, H.A.J. MELESHKO, V.P. MELLOR, G.L. MENGELKAMP, H.-T. MEYER, C.P. MICHAELS, A.F. MIKOLAJEWICZ, U. MILLER, A. MILLERO, F.J. MILLY, P.C.D. MINNIS, P. MISHCHENKO, M.I. MITCHELL, J.F.B. MITCHELL, K. MITCHUM, G. MIYAKODA, K. MIX, A.C. MOHNEN, V. MOLOD, A. MONFRAY, P. MONTGOMERY, M.T. MONTMERLE, T. MOOK, W.G. MORCRETTE, J.-J. MOXIM, W.J. MULLER, P. MURNANE, R.J. MYSAK, L.A. NAKAMURA, H. NAKAMURA, K. NAKAMURA, M. NASH, J. NASONOVA, O.N. NATH, M.J. NEMESURE, S. NOILHAN, J. NORRIS, J.R. O'BRIEN, J. OEY, L.-Y. OFFERMAN, D.N. OLSON, D. OLTMANS, S.J. O'NEILL, A. ONO, T. OORT, A.H. ORLANSKI, I. ORR, J.C. ORTIZ, J.D. OSTLUND, H.G. PACALA, S.W. PACANOWSKI, R.C. PANDIS, S.N. PAIVA, A.M. PALMER, J. PARK, Y.-G. PARKINSON, C.L. PARMESAN, C. PARRISH, D.D. PAULIUS, O. PAWSON, S. PEACOCK, S.L. PEDRETTI, J. PELTIER, W.R. PENG, P. PENG, T.-H. PERLISKI-BRUHWIL PERSING, J. PETERSCHMITT, J.Y. PETERSON, M.C. PHILANDER, S.G.H. PIELKE, R. Jr. PIERCE, R.B. PINCUS, R. PITMAN, A.J. PLOSHAY, J.J. POISSON, A. POLCHER, J. POLLARD, D. POLYAKOV, I.V. POPE, V. POTTER, G.L. PRENTICE, I.C. PROSHUTINSKY, A. PROSPERO, J.M. PULWARTY, R. QU, W. QUAY, P.D. RABITZ, H. RAMACHANDRAN, S. RAMANATHAN,V. RAMASWAMY, V. RANDALL, D.A. RANDEL, D. RANDEL, W.J. RASMUSSON, E. RAYER, P. RAYNER, P.J. REDELSPERGER, J.L. REIMER, P.J. REISIN, T.G. RENNICK, M.A. RHINES, P.B. RICHARDSON, M.I. RIDGWAY, W. RIND, D.H. ROBERTS, D.L. ROBOCK, A. RODIN, A.V. ROECKNER, E. ROETHER, W. ROFF, G. ROOD, R.B. ROOT, T. ROPELEWSKI, C. ROSATI, A. ROSENZWEIG, C. ROTSTAYN, L. ROYER, J.F. RUBIN, S. RUSSELL, G.L. RUSSELL, L.M. RUSSELL, P. RYERSON, T.B. SABINE, C.L. SAITO, K. SALATHE, E. SAMUELS, B. SANTER, B. SARACHIK, E. SARGENT, M.A. SARMIENTO, J.L. SATO, K. SAUNDERS, R. SCAIFE, A.A. SCHAAKE, J. SCHEEL, H.E. SCHLESINGER, M.E SCHLESINGER, W. SCHLOSSER, C.A. SCHLOSSER, P. SCHMETZ, J. SCHMIDLIN, F.J. SCHMIDT, M. SCHMITT, H.H. SCHNEIDER, E. SCHNEIDER, T. SCHROEDER, S.R. SCHULZ, J.-P. SCHWARTZ, S.E. SCHWARZKOPF, M.D SCOTT, N. SEAMAN, N.L. SEMAN, C.J. SHADWICK, D.S. SHAO, Y. SHAPIRA, A. SHELDON, J.P. SHEN, W. SHEPHERD, T.G. SHI, Z. SHIBATA, K. SHINE, K.P. SHIOTANI, M. SHITASHIMA, K. SHMAKIN, A.B. SIMON, P. SIRKES, Z. SIRUTIS, J.J. SIX, K.D. SLATER, R.D. SLINGO, A. SMETHIE, Jr., W.M. SMITH, G. SMITH, J. SMITH, R.D. SMITH, K.S. SODEN, B.J. SOHN, B. SOMERVILLE, R. SPANGENBERG, D.A. SPELMAN, M.J. SPERBER, K.R. SPORYSHEV, P.V. STENCHIKOV, G.L. STEPHENS, B.B. STEPHENS, G.L. STEPHENS, J.C. STERN, W.F. STIEGLITZ, J.L. STOCKER, T.F. STOUFFER, R.J. STOWE, L. STRAUS, D. STRÖM, J. STROW, L. STUIVER, M. SUAREZ, M.J. SUD, Y. SUNTHARALINGAM, P. SUSSKIND, J. SWANSON, K.L. SWINBANK, R. SYKTUS, J. SYLVES, R.T. TAGUCHI, S. TAKACS, L. TAKAHASHI, M. TAKAHASHI, T. TANS, P. TAO, W.K. TARASICK, D.W. TAYLOR, K.E. TAYLOR, N.K. TETT, S.F.B. THOMPSON, S. THORPE, A.J. TIBALDI, S. TILLBROOK, B. TIMBAL, B. TJEMKES, S. TOBIN, D. TOGGWEILER, J.R. TOKIOKA, T. TREGUIER, A.M. TRENBERTH, K.E. TULEYA, R.E. TURNER, D. TZIPERMAN, E. UCHINO, O. VALDES, P. VALLIS, G.K. van DAM, T. van DELST, P. van den DOOL, H. VELDEN, C.S. VERSEGHY, D.L. VETTORETTI, G. VINCENT, R.A. VINNIKOV, K.Y. VITART, F. VOLODIN, E.M. von STORCH, J-S. VOSS, R. WACONGNE, S. WAGENER, R. WAHLEN, M. WAHR, J. WALISER, D.E. WALKER, G. WALKER, S. WALLACE, D.W.R. WALSH, J.E. WANG, D.W. WANG, M. WANG, S.W. WANG, W. WANG, W.-C. WANNINKHOF, R. WARNER, M. WARREN, J.C. WATANABE, Y. WEAVER, A.J. WEBB, D. WEBB, R.S. WEHR, T. WEIDENBAUM, M. WEISS, R. WELCH, R. WENDISCH, M. WETHERALD, R.T. WETZEL, P. WHEELER, P. WHETTON, P. WHITE, W. WIELICKI, B. WIGLEY, T.M.L. WILCOXEN, P. WILLIAMS, G.P. WILLIAMSON, D. WILLMOTT, A.J. WILSON, R.J. WINN, C.D. WINTON, M. WITTENBERG, A.T. WONG, C.S. WONG, J. WONG, T. WOOD, E.F. WU, C.-C. WU, F. WYPUTTA, U. XIE, S. XU, K.-M. XUE, Y. YANG, F. YANG, X.-Q. YANG, Z.-L. YIENGER, J.J. YIO, J. YOUNG, D. ZAKHAROV, V.F. ZENG, Q. ZHANG, M.-H. ZHANG, X. ZHANG, Y. ZWIERS, F.

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(1659). (1571), (1548),(1611), (la), (1498), (1445),(1559), (1690),(kp), (of), (1638), (1572),(km), (oh), (1738), (1489),(1564), (1578),(1590),(1636),(1681),(fp), (1460),(1464),(1468),(1471),(1535),(1584), (1676),(lt), (1724), (1716), (oh), (1668),(1679), (1657),(1697), (1686), (1724), (1651),(1689), (1690),(ol), (1565), (1669), (1622), (1451), (1564),(1565),(of), (1662), (nb), (1622), (1724), (1432),(1467),(1468),(1544),(1549),(1550),(1650), (1661),(1694),(1710),(oa), (1686), (1690), (1607),(mj), (1480),(1645), (1517),(1626),(1705),(1729), (1608),(1736), (1480),(1645), (1622), (1654), (1546), (1478),(1590), (1622), (1654), (1498), (1686), (1645), (1488), (1660), (mf), (1560), (1438),(1440),(1458),(1473),(1483),(1491),(1493), (1494),(1495),(1523),(1529),(1537),(1547),(1555), (1556),(1557),(1569),(1575),(1580),(1589),(1593), (1597),(1623),(1631),(1647),(1672),(jz),(kp),(kw), (mf),(no),(nv),(nx), (1474),(1478),(1546),(1560),(1669), (1692), (1631),(1690),(kp),(ls), (lh), (1692), (1628), (1698), (1489), (ju), (1463), (jh), (1709), (1580), (1622),(1690) (1484),(1569), (1480),(1506),(1645),(1657),(1669),(1697),(mf), (1713), (1478),(1546),(lh), (oj), (ol), (1631),(1690),(kp), (1686), (1545),(lh), (1449),(1457),(1517),(1541),(1571),(1624),(1625), (1702),(1703),(1719),(na),(nl), (1480),(1645), (1669), (1622), (1565), (lu), (jz), (1569), (1724), (1499),(1563),(1608),(1736),(ld),(of),(oh),(oi), (1698), (1692), (1562), (lh), (ny), (1699), (1485),(1486),(1497),(1498),(1561),(1578),(1590), (1608),(1617),(1636),(1680),(1681),(1682),(1721), (1736),(fp),(ob),(oh),(ok), (ls), (1692), (1690),(ol). (1480), (1559), (1478),(1569),(1622), (1506), (1480),(1645), (oj), (1692), (1559), (lt), (1506), (1571), (1603),(1648),(nf), (1565),(1741), (1480), (1569), (1491),(1555),(1557),(1597),(1692),(no), (1692), (1508), (1442),(1492),(1502),(1537),(1543),(1589),(1598), (1613),(1620),(1623),(1698),(ju),(mn),(om), (1559), (1480), (1531), (1442),(1492), (1665),(mt),(mv) (1690), (1638), (1664),(1690), (1484),(1504),(1510),(1523),(kp), (1631),(kp), (of), (1480),(1645),(nu), (1690), (1716), (1541),(nd), (1538), (og),(ok), (1484),(1510),(nx), (oj), (1560), (1645), (1535),(1646), (lz), (1459),(1502),(1508),(1547),(1554),(1592),(1593), (1630),(1671),(1692),(1722).(1723),(1741),(mh), (mk),(mr),(na), (1692), (1669), (1508), (1634),(lw), (1474), (1478), (1669),(mf), (1538), (1569), (1678), (1455),(1540),(1546),(1582),(1626),(1649), (lb), (1485),(1615),(lb), (1428),(1433),(1444),(1472),(1473),(1505),(1534), (1561),(1599),(1633),(1634),(1635),(1657),(1670), (1673),(1675),(1688),(1693),(1697),(1706),(1712),(lw), (mx),(nj),(nn), (1560), (1546), (1502), (1692), (1489), (1645),(1674), (1669), (1682), (ny), (1443), (1690),(kp), (1622), (1686), (1628), (1474),(1690),(1740), (ls), (1578),(1590),(of), (1578),(1590), (1698), (1559), (1478),(1622), (oh), (1670),(1706),(1711),(lh), (1622), (ne), (1546), (of), (1478), (1692), (1692), (1562),(1609),(1629),(1643),(1714),(1733),(mi),(mz), (oh), (1693), (1447),(nm), (1545), (1461),(1462),(1465),(1470),(1526),(1527),(1533), (1632),(1665),(mr),(mt),(mv),(nb),(nd), (1692), (na), (1559), (1622), (1700),(lk),(lz),(mq), (nu), (1692), (1546),(1626), (mr), (1480),(1645), (1622), (nr), (1657),(1697),(lw), (1455),(1574),(1649),(lq),(nd), (1478), (1706), (1706), (1464), (1569), (1615), (nu), (1638), (1669), (1565), (1499),(1608),(1736),(of), (1657),(1697), (1530), (1569), (1660),(kj), (1478), (1478), (of),(oi), (ld), (1502), (of), (1693), (nm), (1622), (1692), (1506), (1565), (1560), (1523), (1473),(1474),(1478),(1653),(lw),(mx), (1480),(1645), (1738), (1686),(1687), (ny), (1560), (1693), (1506), (1454),(ni), (1546), (kf), (1456),(1652),(1690),(1709),(1713),(ol), (1608),(1736),(of), (1430),(1434),(1579),(1612),(1696), (1600), (of), (1569), (1560), (1480),(1645), (1463),(jr). (1690), (1622), (1669), (1669) , (1480),(1645), (1569), (1582),(1708), (1480),(1645), (1587), (1669), (1560), (1657),(1697), (1480), (1478),(1669), (1516), (1446),(1474),(1640), (1686),(1687),

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