 The
NSDUH Report: Underage Alcohol Use: Where Do Young People
Drink?
SAMHSA's
2006 National Survey on Drug Use & Health indicated that more than
a fourth of the persons under the legal age for drinking actually drank
in the past month; that is, there were 10.8 million current underage
drinkers. Over
a half (53.4%) of the current underage alcohol users drank at someone
else's home the last time they used alcohol and another 30.3% drank
in their own home. Younger
female underage drinkers were more likely than older ones to have had
their most recent drink in a car or other vehicle. For example, female
underage drinkers aged 16 were eight times more likely to have had their
last drank in a car than those aged 20 (12.8% vs. 1.6%).
Among
current underage drinkers aged 20, females were almost twice as likely
as males to have had their most recent drink in a restaurant, bar, or
club (20.0% vs. 10.2%).
- The
NSDUH Report: Inhalant Use and Major Depressive Episode among
Youths Aged 12 to 17: 2004 to 2006
Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2004 to 2006 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health
were used to produce annual averages of an estimated 2.1 million youth
(8.5%) who experienced a major depressive episode in the past year and
1.1 million youth (4.5%) who had used inhalants in the past year.
Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an estimated 218,000
youth (0.9%) had both experienced at least one major depressive episode
in the past year and used inhalants during the past year.
Youth
who had experienced a major depressive episode in the past year were
more than twice as likely as those without deception to have used inhalants
in the past year (10.2% vs. 4.0%).
Among
the youth who had both experienced a major depressive episode in the
past year and reported inhalant use in the past year: 28.3% had used
inhalants first in their lifetime before their first major depressive
episode, 28.5% experienced both at the same age, and 43.1% had their
first major depressive episode before first using inhalants.
- The
DASIS Report: First-Time and Repeat Admissions Aged 18 to 25 to Substance
Abuse Treatment, 2006
Based
on SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) on substance abuse treatment
admissions in 2006, repeat admissions aged 18 to 25 were more likely
than first-time admissions of the same age group to report heroin and
other opiates as the primary substance of abuse (27% vs. 12%) and to
report the use of multiple substances (67% vs. 56%). The
South was unlike any other region in that a majority of all admissions
aged 18 to 25 were first-time admissions instead of repeat admissions,
regardless of the primary substance of abuse.
The
criminal justice system was the principal referral source to substance
abuse treatment for all admissions aged 18 to 25 whether first-time
substance abuse treatment admissions or repeat substance abuse treatment
admissions.
- The
DASIS Report: Frequency of Use among Alcohol-Only Treatment
Admissions: 2006 Based
on substance abuse treatment admissions in 2006 reported to SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), 49% of the alcohol-only treatment
admissions reporting daily use were referred to substance abuse treatment
by themselves, a family member or a friend. Over
half (55%) of alcohol-only treatment admissions reporting less than
daily use were referred to treatment by the criminal justice system.
Alcohol-only
treatment admissions in 2006 reporting daily use were more likely
than those reporting less frequent use to be "not in the labor
force" (41% vs. 24%) and less likely to be employed full-time
(20% vs. 41%). Among
alcohol-only treatment admissions, those reporting daily alcohol use
were more likely than those reporting less frequent use to be homeless
(26% vs. 9%).
- The
NSDUH Report: Serious Psychological Distress Among Adults Aged
50 or Older: 2005 and 2006 Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2005 and 2006 National Surveys on Drug Use &
Health (NSDUH) indicate than an annual average of 7% of adults aged
50 or older experienced serious psychological distress in the past year.
Adults aged 50 to 64 were more likely to experience past year serious
psychological distress than those aged 65 or older (8.8% vs. 4.5%). Adults
aged 50 or older were more likely to experience serious psychological
distress in the past year if they had less than a high school education
than if they were college graduates (10.2% vs. 5.2%), had family incomes
less than $20,000 compared with those with $75,000 or more (11.7% vs.
4.4%), and were without health insurance compared with those with health
insurance (12.3% vs. 6.7%). Over
half (53.7%) of the adults aged 50 or older with past year serious psychological
distress received mental health treatment in the past year, 6.2% did
not receive treatment although they felt they needed it, and 40.1% did
not receive treatment and did not perceive a need for it.
- The
NSDUH Report: Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers in Substate
Regions: 2004 to 2006 Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2004-2006 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health
indicate that past year nonmedical use of pain relievers ranged from
a low of 2.48% in a ward of the District of Columbia to a high of 7.92%
in northwest Florida. Of
the 15 substate regions with the highest rates of nonmedical use of
pain relievers, 10 of the highest substate regions were in the South
and 5 were in the West. Of
the 15 substate regions with the lowest rates of nonmedical use of pain
relievers, 7 of the lowest substate regions were in the South, 4 were
in the Midwest, 3 were in the Northeast, and 1 was in the West.
- The
NSDUH Report: Major Depressive Episode among Youths Aged 12
to 17 Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 8.5% of youth (about
2.1 million youth) had experienced at least one major depressive episode
during the past year. Rates of depression varied by gender and age.
Female
youth were more than twice as likely as males to have experienced a
major depressive episode in the past year (12.7% vs. 4.6%).
Over
91% of the youth who experienced at least one major depressive episode
in the past year reported more than one period in their lifetime during
which for 2 weeks or longer they felt sadness, discouragement, or boredom
and also had other problems. Nearly
half (48.3%) of the youth with a major depressive episode in the past
year reported severe impairment in at least one of four major role domains
(home, school/work, family relationships, or social life) and 21% reported
very severe impairment in at least one of the domains.
Youth
with a major depressive episode who reported a very severe impairment
were unable to carry out normal activities on about 5 times more days
in the past year than those reporting no more than mild impairment (58.4
days vs. 11.7 days).
- The
NSDUH Report: Parent Awareness of Youth Use of Cigarettes,
Alcohol, and Marijuana SAMHSA's
National Survey on Drug Use and Health includes a sample of parents
and their children who live in the same household. These parent-child
pairs are composed of a child aged 12 to 17 and his or her biological,
step, adoptive, or foster parent. Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, mothers were more
likely than fathers to be aware of their child's substance use in the
past year regardless of the household having only the mother or both
parents. Fathers
in two parent households were more likely than fathers in father-only
households to be aware of their child's substance use in the past year. The
older the child, the more likely that parents were aware of their child's
alcohol and cigarette use in the past year. Past
year substance use by youth was higher in one-parent households than
those with both parents. Within
one-parent households, substance use by youth was generally higher among
youth in father-child pairs than mother-child pairs.
- The
NSDUH Report: State Estimates of Persons Aged 18 or Older
Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Illicit Drugs Based
on the combined 2004 to 2006 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health
data from current drivers aged 18 or older, 15.1% had driven under the
influence of alcohol during the past year and 4.7% had driven under
the influence of illicit drugs. States
with the highest rates of driving under the influence of alcohol
in the past year among adults aged 18 or older were Wisconsin (26.4%),
North Dakota (24.9%), Minnesota (23.5%), Nebraska (22.9%), and South
Dakota (21.6%). The
highest rates of driving under the influence of illicit drugs
in the past year among adults aged 18 or older were in the District
of Columbia (7.0%), Rhode Island (6.8%), Massachusetts (6.4%), Montana
(6.3%), and Wyoming (6.2%).
-
The NSDUH Report: Quantity
and Frequency of Alcohol Use among Underage Drinkers Based
on combined data from SAMHSA's 2005 to 2006 National Surveys on Drug
Use & Health, an annual average of 28.3% of underage drinkers (10.8
million persons aged 12 to 20) drank alcohol in the past month. Underage
drinkers who drank in the past month used alcohol an average of 5.9
days in the past month and consumed an average of 4.9 alcoholic drinks
per day on the days they drank in the past month. Person
under the legal age consumed, on average, more drinks per days on the
days they drank in the past month than drinkers of legal age (4.9 drinks
vs. 2.8 drinks).
- The
NSDUH Report: Substance Use and Dependence Following Initiation
of Alcohol or Illicit Drug Use Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 3.2% of the persons
aged 12 or older who first used alcohol 13 to 24 months prior to the
survey interview were dependent on alcohol in the past 12 months. Of
those who first used marijuana in the 13 to 24 months prior to the survey
interview, 5.8% were dependent on marijuana in the past year. Among
new users of crack cocaine in the 13 to 24 months prior to the survey
interview, 9.2% were dependent on any type of cocaine in the past year;
and 13.4% of the new users of heroin in the 13 to 24 months prior to
the survey interview were dependent on heroin in the past year.
- The
DASIS Report: Employment Status and Substance Abuse Treatment
Admissions, 2006 Of
the substance abuse treatment admissions aged 18 to 64 reported to SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), 31% in 2006 were employed full- or
part-time at the time of admission, 33% were unemployed, and 36% were
not in the labor force (i.e., not employed and not looking for
work). Full
time employed substance abuse treatment admissions were more likely
to report alcohol as their primary substance of abuse (58%) than substance
abuse treatment admissions who were homemakers (35%), unemployed (39%),
labor force dropouts (39%), or disabled (46%). Substance
abuse treatment admissions who were labor force dropouts were more than
twice as likely as admissions who were employed full time to report
daily use of their primary substance in the past month (56% vs. 26%). Substance
abuse treatment admissions who were homemakers (59%) or who were employed
full time (57%) were more likely to report entering treatment for the
first time than admissions who were unemployed (40%), labor force dropouts
(47%), or disabled (41%).
- The
DASIS Report: Adolescent Admissions Reporting Inhalants, 2006 Based
on SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), adolescents aged 12 to
17 accounted for 8% of admissions to substance abuse treatment in 2006;
however, they represent 48% of all admissions reporting inhalants. Females
comprised a larger proportion of adolescent admissions reporting inhalants
than of adolescent admissions not reporting inhalants (41% vs. 30%). In
2006, 45% of adolescent admissions reporting inhalants had a concurrent
psychiatric disorder in contrast to only 29% of their counterparts who
did not report inhalants.
- The
NSDUH Report: Inhalant Use across the Adolescent Years Inhalants
were the most frequently reported class of illicit drugs use in the
past year among adolescents age 12 (3.4%) or age 13 (4.8%). Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2002 to 2006 National Surveys on Drug Use & Health
found an annual average of 593,000 youths aged 12 to 17 used an inhalant
for the first time in the 12 months prior to their survey interview.
Among past year new inhalant users aged 12 to 15, the three
most commonly used types of inhalants were: glue, shoe polish, or toluene;
spray paints; and gasoline or lighter fluid. In comparison, nitrous
oxide or "whippets" were the most common type of inhalant
used among past year new inhalant users aged 16 or 17.
- The
NSDUH Report: Nonmedical Stimulant Use, Other Drug Use, Delinquent
Behaviors, and Depression Among Adolescents
SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health estimated
that about 510,000 youth aged 12 to 17 (2%) used stimulants (including
methamphetamines) nonmedically in the past year in 2006. Nonmedical
use is defined as the use of prescription-type psychotherapeutic drugs
that were not prescribed for the respondent by a physician or were used
only for the experience or feeling they caused.
Over 71% of youth who used stimulants nonmedically in the
past year compared with 34% of youth who did not use stimulants nonmedically
also engaged in at least one of the six types of delinquent behaviors
in the past year that were included in SAMHSA's National Survey of Drug
Use. These delinquent behaviors were: (1) got into a serious fight,
(2) took part in a group fight against another group, (3) sold drugs,
(4) stole anything valued more than $50, (5) attacked someone, and (6)
carried a handgun. Youth who used stimulants nonmedically
in the past year were also more likely than youth who did not use stimulants
nonmedically to have experienced a major depressive episode in the past
year (23% vs. 8.1%).
- The
NSDUH Report: Use of Specific Hallucinogens: 2006
Specific
questions on the following hallucinogens were first collected in SAMHSA's
2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: ketamine, dimethyltryptamine
(DMT), alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), 5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine
(5-MeO-DIPT or "Foxy"), and Salvia divinorum. Based
on SAMHSA's 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health of persons aged
12 or older, 23 million had used LSD, 6.6 million used PCP, 2.3 million
used ketamine, 1.8 million used Salvia divinorum and 0.7 million
had used DMT, AMT, or Foxy at least once in their lifetime. Among
youth aged 12 to 17, females were more likely than males to have used
Ecstasy in the past year (1.4% vs. 1.0%). In contrast, male
youth aged 12 to 17 were more likely than female youth to have used
Salvia divinorum in the past year (0.9% vs. 0.3%). In
2006, young adults aged 18 to 25 were more likely to be past year users
of LSD, Ecstasy, and Salvia divinorum than youths aged 12 to
17 or adults aged 26 or older.
- The
DASIS Report: Primary Methamphetamine / Amphetamine Admissions
to Substance Abuse Treatment: 2005 From
1995 to 2005, the percentage of substance abuse treatment admissions
for primary abuse of methamphetamine /amphetamine more than doubled
from 4% to 9%. In 2005, about 1.8 million substance abuse treatment
admissions were reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS).
Of these, 169,500 were for primary methamphetamine /amphetamine abuse
and 80,000 admissions were for secondary or tertiary methamphetamine
/amphetamine abuse. The duration of use of their primary drug before
admission to treatment was, on average, six years less for persons admitted
to treatment for primary methamphetamine /amphetamine abuse than it
was for persons admitted for abuse of other primary substances. The
criminal justice system was the principal source of referral for 49%
of primary methamphetamine /amphetamine treatment admissions compared
with 34% of admissions for other primary substances.
- The
NSDUH Report: Impact
of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on Substance Use and Mental Health
Data are presented on substance use and mental
health problems before and after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita among adults
aged 18 or older who lived in the Gulf State Disaster Area and for adults
living in the rest of the United States. Estimates of substance use
and mental health problems before Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) from July
2004 through June 2005. Estimates for the post hurricane period were
based on NSDUH data from January 2006 through December 2006. Based on
SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the impact of
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on substance use and mental health was primarily
found among persons who were displaced from their homes.
- The
NSDUH Report: Nicotine Dependence: 2006 Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, of the 61.6 million
persons aged 12 or older who in 2006 smoked cigarettes in the past month,
57.7% (35.5 million) met the criteria for nicotine dependence in the
past month. Persons aged 12 or older who were dependent on nicotine
in the past month were more likely than those who were not nicotine
dependent to have engaged in alcohol use (61.7% vs. 49.1%), binge alcohol
use (40.1% vs. 20.1%), and heavy alcohol use (14.9% vs. 5.5%) in the
past month. Adults aged 18 or older who were dependent on nicotine in
the past month were more than twice as likely as adults who were not
nicotine dependent to have experienced serious psychological distress
in the past year (21.2% vs. 9.4%). Both youth and adults who were dependent
on nicotine in the past month were more than twice as likely as those
who were not nicotine dependent to have experienced a major depressive
episode in the past year.
- The
DASIS Report: Geographic Differences in Substance Abuse Treatment
Admissions for Methamphetamine /Amphetamine and Marijuana: 2005
Among the six substances of abuse that dominate
substance abuse treatment admissions reported to SAMHSA's Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS), three (marijuana, methamphetamine/amphetamines,
and opiates other than heroin) increased between 1995 and 2005 and three
decreased (alcohol, cocaine, and heroin). Generally, in both 1995 and
2005, the Pacific and Mountain States had the highest rates for substance
abuse treatment admissions whose primary drug was methamphetamine/ amphetamines.
The marijuana treatment admission rate for the nation increased from
81 per 100,000 population aged 12 or older in 1995 to 118 per 100,000
in 2005. The full report contains maps indicating the relative quintile
for each State's rate of substance abuse treatment admissions whose
primary drug was methamphetamine /amphetamines or marijuana.
- The
NSDUH Report: Misuse of Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Medications
among Persons Aged 12 to 25
Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, in 2006 about 3.1
million persons aged 12 to 25 (5.3%) had ever used an over-the-counter
(OTC) cough and cold medication to get high; that is, used it nonmedically.
Nearly 1 million persons aged 12 to 25 (1.7%) had used an over-the-counter
cough and cold medication to get high in the past year.
Young
adults aged 18 to 25 were more likely than youth aged 12 to 17 to have
used OTC cough and cold medications nonmedically in their lifetime (6.5%
vs. 3.7%) but were less likely to do so in the past year (1.6% vs. 1.9%).
Whites
aged 12 to 25 (2.1%) were more likely than Hispanics (1.4%) and Blacks
(0.6%) to have used an over-the-counter cough and cold medication in
the past year to get high.
- The
NSDUH Report: Treatment for Past Year Depression among Adults
Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 67.4% of the adults
who had experienced at least one major depressive episode during the
past year had received treatment for depression in the past year. The
types of treatment received for depression in the past year by the adults
with past year depression were: 69.4% both talked to a professional
and received medication for their depression, 23.8% only talked to a
professional about their depression, and 6.7% only received medication
for their depression. Perceived helpfulness of their treatment
for depression depended upon which treatment they received. Adults with
depression in the past year who received medication as well as talked
to a professional were most likely to perceive their treatment as extremely
helpful or helped alot.
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