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1995

  1. The U.S. Telecommunications Services Industry: Assessing Competitive Advantage
    Since 1984, the US telecommunications services industry has experienced profound changes caused by deregulation and rapid technological change. Competition now exists in almost all segments of the domestic industry. Local services, the only sector of the industry that remains monopolistic, currently face the prospect of increased competition as changes in technology and law enable various providers to compete in local markets.

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  2. Patterns of Advanced Technology Adoption and Manufacturing Performance: An Overview
    This report on technology adoption patterns and performance characteristics in a sample of several thousand U.S. manufacturing plants sheds new light on the ways in which technology is associated with growth. The report summarizes a more detailed study to be released later that finds patterns of technology adoption to be enormously diverse. Nonetheless, dispersion of advanced technologies appears to follow a recognizable progression: the most frequently adopted complex technology combinations are often comprised of more common simpler combinations. The study also suggests that specific technologies and technology combinations have varying degrees of association with plant-level job creation, productivity, and earnings. Moreover, the association between technology and plant performance is related to the characteristics of the plant itself. Plants with integrated fabrication and assembly operations appear to use technologies more effectively than plants engaged in only fabrication or assembly.

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  3. Re-examining the Cost Effectiveness of the Research and Experimentation Tax Credit
    This paper evaluates several well-known empirical studies of the cost-effectiveness of the research and experimentation (R&E) tax credit. Studies of the credit's effect during 1981-85 generally find weak evidence of cost-effectiveness. However, more recent studies focusing on a longer period conclude that the tax credit has induced an increase in R&E spending by an amount that is significantly greater than the foregone tax revenue. The independent analyses in the latter studies appear empirically well founded and their results are robust. Their individual conclusions that the R&E tax credit was cost-effective during the 1980s converge toward the same value-roughly $2.00 of induced R&E spending per dollar of revenue loss.

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  4. Engines of Growth: Manufacturing Industries in the U.S. Economy
    This study assesses the widely-held belief that manufacturing industries are uniquely important to the process of national economic growth. The study's related purpose is to describe structural changes in the US manufacturing sector and the organization of US manufacturing firms that are helping to determine the pace of economic growth and the creation of economic opportunity. Taken together, these changes comprise the new face of American manufacturing. gies more effectively than plants engaged in only fabrication or assembly.

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