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Water Transport Profile

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FINANCIAL

  1960 1970 1980 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Operating revenues ($ millions)1                                  
Domestic freight, total 1,722 2,070 7,219 7,940 7,745 7,712 7,283 6,940 6,824 6,795 6,930 6,235 U U U U U
Coastal waterways 747 834 3,155 3,066 2,929 2,774 2,571 2,169 1,952 1,828 1,817 1,784 U U U U U
Inland waterways 461 621 2,395 2,956 2,868 2,964 2,861 2,899 2,904 2,811 2,960 2,894 U U U U U
Great Lakes 227 239 513 615 577 585 572 615 610 549 556 486 U U U U U
Locks, channels 287 376 1,156 1,303 1,371 1,389 1,279 1,257 1,358 1,607 1,597 1,071 U U U U U
International freighta 1,765 3,187 8,279 12,181 13,405 14,997 17,281 14,091 15,679 17,699 21,740 21,397 U U U U U
Passenger, total 281 287 310 1,391 1,564 1,716 1,843 1,974 2,029 2,088 4,663 4,187 U U U U U
Domestic passenger, intercity 14 12 27 100 121 129 140 141 146 152 156 144 U U U U U
International passengerb 267 275 283 1,291 1,443 2,026 1,703 1,833 1,883 1,936 4,507 4,043 U U U U U
Revenues of U.S. commercial fishing fleet-domestic landings ($ millions)2 354 613 2,237 3,522 3,809 3,770 3,487 3,448 3,128 3,467 3,549 3,228 3,092 (R) 3,348 3,756 3,942 3,993

INVENTORY

  1960 1970 1980 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Number of domestic inland vessel operatorsc, 3 228 380 403 565 555 557 554 U U U U U U U U U U
Number of employees4                                  
Ships, boat building, and repairingd 141,200 171,800 220,500 187,700 158,200 159,600 158,800 158,300 166,600 167,400 167,900 161,100 146,810 145,350 149,160 153,170 152,650
Water transportationd N 212,300 211,200 176,600 172,400 174,500 174,100 178,700 181,300 185,500 193,900 192,400 145,370 145,400 145,340 154,980 160,160
Number of employeese, f, total5 49,281 35,000 19,218 12,132 11,324 10,303 9,250 8,937 8,956 9,036 U U U U U U U
Passenger / combo 8,560 2,178 618 642 642 642 321 321 321 321 U U U U U U U
Cargo 28,668 22,257 9,878 7,019 6,056 5,400 4,964 4,831 4,924 4,757 U U U U U U U
Tankers 12,053 10,567 8,722 4,471 4,626 4,261 3,965 3,785 3,711 3,958 U U U U U U U
Mileage of commercially navigable channels1 25,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 U U U U U
Number of vessels6                                  
Total nonself-propelled 16,777 19,377 31,662 31,017 30,723 31,360 32,811 33,011 33,509 33,387 33,152 33,042 32,381 31,335 31,296 32,052 U
Dry cargo barges and scows 14,025 15,890 27,426 27,091 26,723 27,342 28,743 29,006 29,526 29,383 29,107 28,888 28,281 27,272 27,197 27,876 U
Tankers 2,429 3,281 4,166 3,913 3,966 3,985 4,036 3,971 3,952 3,973 4,011 4,122 4,068 4,031 4,069 4,151 U
Railroad car floats 323 206 70 13 34 33 32 34 31 31 34 32 32 32 30 25 U
Total self-propelled 6,519 6,447 7,126 8,236 8,334 8,281 8,293 8,408 8,523 8,379 8,202 8,546 8,621 8,648 8,994 8,976 U
Dry cargo / passenger 1,796 1,761 2,036 2,678 2,785 2,804 2,782 2,905 2,938 2,910 2,780 2,697 2,738 2,765 2,948 2,967 U
Ferries, railroad car 31 17 67 135 175 172 173 183 213 229 292 579 595 607 629 619 U
Tankers 489 421 330 213 195 178 161 147 135 142 135 120 108 104 103 100 U
Towboats / tugs 4,203 4,248 4,693 5,210 5,179 5,127 5,177 5,173 5,237 5,098 4,995 5,150 5,180 5,172 5,314 5,290 U
U.S. merchant marine ships (over 1,000 gross tons)                                  
Total U. S. flag7 2,926 1,579 864 636 543 509 495 477 470 463 454 443 426 (R) 418 412 U U
Passenger / cargo 309 171 65 10 13 13 15 14 12 11 11 13 12 (R) 15 18 U U
Freightersg 2,138 1,076 471 367 308 295 292 288 289 284 286 283 276 (R) 209 205 U U
Bulk carriers 57 38 20 26 22 20 15 14 15 14 15 17 18 (R) 20 20 U U
Tankers 422 294 308 233 200 181 173 161 154 154 142 130 120 (R) 109 104 U U
Privately owned 1,008 U 578 408 354 319 302 285 281 277 U U U U U U U
Government owned 1,918 U 286 228 189 190 193 192 189 186 U U U U U U U
Number of recreational boats (thousands)h,8 2,500 7,400 8,578 10,996 11,430 11,735 11,878 12,313 12,566 12,738 12,782 12,876 12,854 12,795 12,781 12,942 12,746

PERFORMANCE

  1960 1970 1980 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Ton-miles (thousands)i, 9                                  
Domestic water freight, total N 596,195,000 921,835,800 833,543,800 814,919,200 807,727,700 764,686,500 707,409,900 672,795,300 655,861,500 645,799,300 621,686,200 612,080,500 606,146,300 621,170 591,277 U
Coastwise N 359,784,000 631,149,200 479,133,600 457,600,700 440,345,100 408,086,100 349,843,000 314,863,900 292,730,000 283,871,600 274,558,800 263,688,200 278,918,700 279,857 263,464 U
Internal N 155,816,000 227,343,000 292,393,300 297,762,400 306,329,100 296,790,600 294,023,000 294,896,400 304,724,100 302,558,400 294,860,900 293,410,300 278,352,300 284,096 274,367 U
Lakewise N 79,416,000 61,747,100 60,929,900 58,263,400 59,703,800 58,335,300 62,165,900 61,654,300 57,045,200 57,879,100 50,853,500 53,652,900 47,539,400 55,733 51,924 U
Intraport N 1,179,000 1,596,400 1,087,000 1,292,700 1,349,600 1,474,500 1,378,100 1,380,700 1,362,200 1,490,200 1,413,000 1,329,000 1,335,900 1,484 1,521 U
Tons of freight hauled (thousands) 9                                  
Domestic, total 760,573 950,727 1,077,483 1,122,299 1,099,011 1,093,035 1,100,679 1,112,527 1,094,112 1,061,787 1,069,798 1,042,472 1,021,001 1,016,136 1,047,088 1,028,910 U
Coastwise 209,197 238,440 329,609 298,637 277,029 266,612 267,389 263,146 249,633 228,802 226,938 223,606 216,396 223,458 220,557 213,668 U
Internal 291,057 472,123 534,979 622,595 618,409 620,324 622,081 630,558 625,028 624,575 628,445 619,784 608,038 609,598 626,598 623,980 U
Lakewise 155,109 157,059 115,124 110,159 114,777 116,127 114,870 122,734 122,156 113,887 114,352 100,002 101,466 89,776 103,533 96,226 U
Intraport 104,193 81,475 94,184 86,378 82,870 83,104 89,011 89,816 90,077 88,650 94,558 93,222 90,004 86,909 91,267 90,166 U
Intraterritory 1,017 1,630 3,588 4,529 5,926 6,868 7,327 6,273 7,217 5,873 5,505 5,858 5,097 6,395 5,484 4,871 U
Exports, total 127,961 241,629 403,883 441,586 396,246 474,700 450,794 432,313 404,708 399,996 415,042 399,011 384,350 373,324 415,786 401,827 U
Great Lakes ports 23,150 35,932 45,077 32,898 27,108 32,968 31,855 33,209 36,876 40,233 40,131 40,519 38,066 32,943 36,090 37,291 U
Coastal ports 104,810 205,698 358,806 408,688 369,138 441,732 418,940 399,104 367,831 359,763 374,911 358,491 346,284 340,381 379,697 364,536 U
Imports, total 211,316 339,340 517,521 599,970 719,497 672,657 732,592 788,303 840,680 860,775 939,749 951,815 934,941 1,004,791 1,089,065 1,096,885 U
Great Lakes ports 12,851 26,406 15,515 17,558 23,028 18,897 24,503 24,532 25,558 22,196 23,917 21,391 21,548 23,336 26,086 24,114 U
Coastal ports 198,466 312,934 502,006 582,412 696,469 653,760 708,090 763,771 815,122 838,579 915,832 929,794 929,794 981,455 1,062,979 1,072,771 U
Average haul, domestic system (miles)i, 9                                  
Coastwise 1,496 1,509 1,915 1,604 1,652 1,652 1,526 1,330 1,261 1,279 1,251 1,228 1,219 1,248 1,269 1,233 U
Internal 282 330 405 470 482 494 477 466 472 488 481 476 483 457 454 440 U
Lakewise 522 506 536 553 508 514 508 507 505 501 506 509 529 530 538 540 U
Cargo capacity (short tons)6                                  
Total nonself-propelled vessels 16,355,657 24,026,024 44,875,116 (R) 49,066,020 49,708,960 (R) 51,254,259 54,086,973 54,974,961 55,999,952 56,468,065 56,581,364 57,341,226 56,721,816 55,053,776 55,527,696 57,035,748 U
Dry cargo barges 12,147,006 17,695,275 34,486,851 38,189,490 38,643,518 39,971,443 42,748,644 43,710,093 44,718,691 45,049,209 44,814,696 45,281,492 44,688,157 43,094,911 43,282,387 44,777,151 U
Tankers 4,208,651 6,330,749 10,388,265 10,757,295 11,065,442 11,169,087 11,338,329 11,264,868 11,281,261 11,418,856 11,678,593 11,957,598 11,925,863 11,860,144 12,158,254 12,172,542 U
Total self-propelled vessels 15,905,881 19,284,050 23,906,346 19,829,011 16,867,458 15,783,399 14,850,253 14,161,739 12,970,167 13,892,574 13,458,519 12,770,889 12,093,812 11,804,878 12,546,796 12,342,584 U
Dry cargo / passenger 12,188,956 10,815,977 8,011,587 7,147,054 7,118,193 6,484,707 6,208,011 6,685,719 6,371,425 6,928,684 6,740,153 6,544,807 6,452,715 6,570,281 7,293,500 6,614,973 U
Tankers 3,716,925 8,468,073 15,894,753 12,681,957 9,749,265 9,298,692 8,642,242 7,476,020 6,598,742 6,963,890 6,718,366 6,226,082 5,641,097 5,234,597 5,253,396 5,727,512 U
Fuel consumption (thousand barrels), total1 122,014 123,591 273,380 232,036 210,650 225,470 213,721 187,729 183,856 208,604 233,227 U U U U U U
Diesel fuel and distillate 18,730 19,503 35,201 52,310 48,260 47,098 51,848 50,180 50,609 49,157 53,843 U U U U U U
Residual fuel oil 94,084 89,850 213,131 148,764 141,544 153,125 138,214 114,044 110,480 133,301 152,616 U U U U U U
Gasoline 9,200 14,238 25,048 30,962 20,846 25,247 23,659 23,505 22,767 26,146 26,768 U U U U U U

SAFETY

  1960 1970 1980 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Fatalities in waterborne transport (vessel casualties only), totalj,10 N 178 206 85 77 52 55 48 67 51 45 31 61 54 48 45 48
Freight ship N 30 8 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 3 3 8 2 1
Tank ship N 4 4 5 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0
Passenger vessel N 1 5 3 4 4 8 1 3 14 0 3 6 29 9 6 3
Tug / towboat N 22 14 13 1 1 1 3 0 5 0 4 8 0 1 10 6
Offshore supply N N N 2 1 2 2 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fishing vessel N 77 60 47 48 23 37 22 33 23 28 9 15 14 16 16 19
Recreational vessel N N N 3 13 22 3 7 7 5 10 12 14 1 7 9 12
MODU k N N N 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1
Platform N N N 1 U U U U U 0 0 0 0 U U U U
Freight barge N N N 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2
Tank barge N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
Miscellaneous N 44 56 11 5 0 3 7 14 3 4 0 2 0 0 1 2
Injuries in waterborne transport, totalj,10 N 105 180 175 180 152 229 119 130 136 131 185 187 255 228 140 177
Freight ship N 14 8 10 6 1 7 3 3 2 4 2 7 12 7 12 19
Tank ship N 19 9 13 10 8 1 5 6 5 3 3 0 3 7 3 2
Passenger vessel N 10 10 51 43 47 142 36 39 71 50 109 57 140 81 58 63
Tug / towboat N 10 27 19 19 19 16 21 12 13 10 18 17 12 27 20 22
Offshore supply N N N 9 2 10 7 3 5 1 5 13 0 5 5 1 6
Fishing vessel N 13 28 31 55 41 36 25 35 19 24 15 41 29 37 29 33
Recreational vessel N N N 2 17 20 9 6 9 11 26 15 14 11 37 8 13
MODU k N N N 13 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 3 0 19 3 2 2
Platform N N N 9 U U U U U 1 1 0 0 U U U U
Freight barge N N N 3 4 0 0 5 1 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0
Tank barge N N N 3 3 5 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 3 1 0
Miscellaneous N N 98 12 21 1 9 12 20 9 6 5 9 14 7 3 6
Fatalities in recreational boating (vessel casualties only), total 8 739 1,418 1,360 865 748 829 709 821 815 734 701 681 750 703 676 697 710
Air thrust N N N N N 4 1 6 11 2 4 2 1 6 4 3 3
Propeller N N N N N 475 363 436 462 421 439 326 506 421 433 355 438
Inboard N 119 100 50 36 N N N N 50 48 34 60 40 39 24 39
Outboard N 774 609 454 341 N N N N 326 328 245 372 320 322 259 301
Inboard / outboard N 28 47 53 49 N N N N 35 49 32 47 47 43 61 69
Jet N N 10 25 58 68 61 83 82 75 70 45 75 66 65 72 74
Sail N 44 43 20 13 4 8 15 5 7 14 19 3 7 11 21 11
Manual (oars, paddle) N 205 272 182 140 148 109 150 151 114 137 144 107 113 130 134 135
Other N 29 14 5 12 8 8 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Propulsion unknown N 219 265 76 135 122 159 121 104 115 37 145 58 90 33 111 48

KEY: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available.

a The international water freight operating revenues data was revised in Transportation in America 1998 for all years except 1994 and 1996. Therefore, the international water freight data for years 1994 and 1996 may not be comparable to other years.

b Revenues paid by American travelers to U.S. and foreign flag carriers.

c Does not include vessel operators whose primary area of operation is fishing, towing, passenger transport, ferrying, or crew boat utility service.

d Data for 2002 is based on new NAICS classifications and therefore comparisons between 2002 data and data for prior years may be misleading. Prior to 2002 water transportation was calculated based on SIC classifications and included commercial port, marina, and other employees; excluding employees of not-for-hire private businesses. Data for water transportation in 2002 includes NAICS categories 483100, 483200, 488300. Data for ships, boat building, and repairing is based on the NAICS category 336600.

e Estimate based on established active jobs for licensed and unlicensed personnel aboard oceangoing ships of 1,000 gross-tons and over, privately owned and operated, government-owned ships under bare boat charters, ship managers and General Agency Agreement, supplemented by Military Sealift Command employment totals for ships with Civil Service crews.

f Data is current as of January 1 of the following year with the exception of 1999 data, which is current as of Apr. 1, 1999. Due to a change in the source's periodicity, the data for 1999 is not comparable to the data from years prior to 1999.

g Freighters data include bulk carriers prior to calendar year 1983.

h The U.S. Coast Guard changed its methodology for counting the number of recreational boats. Figures cited represent number of numbered boats, not estimates as previously noted for 1960 and 1970.

i Does not include intraterritorial traffic (traffic between ports in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, which are considered a single unit).

j 1992-2002 data come from the Marine Safety Management Information System. Data for prior years may not be directly comparable. Beginning in 2000, numbers may not add to totals because data is now recorded in a new information system known as MISLE, which does not associate every fatality and injury with a specific vessel.

k Mobile Offshore Drilling Units.

SOURCES

Unless otherwise noted, refer to chapter tables for sources.

1 Eno Transportation Foundation Inc., Transportation in America, 2002 (Washington, DC: 2002), pp. 38, 40, 51, and 58.

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Services, Fisheries of the United States (Silver Spring, MD: Annual issues), p. 4 and similar pages in earlier editions.

3 U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, MAR-450, personal communication.

4 1960-1990: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment, Hours and Earnings, United States, 1909-1994 (Washington, DC: September 1994) and 1988-1996 (Washington, DC: August 1996), SICs 373 and 44. 1994-2006: Ibid., Internet website http://www.bls.gov as of November 2007.

5 U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, U.S. Merchant Marine Data Sheet (Washington, DC: Annual issues).

6 1960-1998: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Summary of U.S. Flag Passenger & Cargo Vessels (New Orleans, LA: Annual issues). 1999-2005: Ibid., Waterborne Transportation Lines of the United States (New Orleans, LA: Annual issues) part 1, section 1, table 1 and 2.

7 U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, Merchant Fleets of the World (Washington, DC: Annual issues), and unpublished revisions.

8 U.S. Coast Guard, Boating Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues).

9 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce of the United States (New Orleans, LA: Annual issues), part 5, section 1, tables 2, 3, and 4.

10 1970-A321990: U.S. Coast Guard, Office of Investigations and Analysis, G-MAO-2, personal communication. 1994-2006: Ibid., Data Administration Division (G-MRI-1), personal communication, Feb. 13, 2002, July 2, 2003 and August 29, 2007.
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