BTS | Table 4-30d: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Trucks (Category LDT4) (a,b,c) (Grams per mile)

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Table 4-30d: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Trucks (Category LDT4)^a,b,c (Grams per mile)

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Engine type and pollutant	Prior to control^g	1968-1969	1970-1971	1972	1973-1974	1975	1976-1978	1979-1981	1982-1983	1984	1985-1986	1987	1988-1989	1990	1991-1995	Tier 1^k 1996-2007	Interim Tier 2^k 2008	Tier 2k 2009+
Gasoline
HC (total)	11	^I	2.2	3.4	3.4	2.0	2.0	1.7	1.7	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	^j (0.8)	^j	^j
NMHC	^h	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	0.39 (0.56)	^j	^j
NMOG	^h	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	0.160 (0.230)	0.125 (0.156)
CO	80	ⁱ	23	39	39	20	20	18	18	10	10	10	10	10	10	5 (7.3)	4.4 (6.4)	3.4 (4.2)
Cold-temp. CO^d	^h	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	12.5 (j)	12.5 (j)	12.5 (j)
NO_x	4	^j	^j	^j	3.0	3.1	3.1	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	1.7	1.7	1.1 (1.53)	0.4 (0.6)	0.14 (0.20)
Particulates	^h	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j (0.12)	0.08 (0.08)	0.02 (0.02)
Formaldehyde	^h	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	0.018 (0.027)	0.015 (0.018)
Diesel
HC (total)	11	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	2.0	1.7	1.7	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	^j (0.8)	^j	^j
NMHC	^h	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	0.39 (0.56)	^j	^j
NMOG	^h	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j (0.230)	0.125 (0.156)
CO	80	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	20	18	18	10	10	10	10	10	10	5 (7.3)	^j (6.4)	3.4 (4.2)
NO_x	4	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	3.1	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	1.7	1.7	^j (1.53)	^j (0.6)	0.14 (0.20)
Particulates	^h	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	0.60	0.60	0.60	0.50	0.45	0.45	0.13	^j (0.12)	^j (0.08)	0.02 (0.02)
Formaldehyde	^h	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j (0.027)	0.015 (0.018)
LDT4 weight criteria^e		GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	Any ALVW	Any ALVW	Any ALVW	ALVW over 5,750 pounds	ALVW over 5,750 pounds	ALVW over 5,750 pounds
LDT4 weight criteria^e		GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 6,000 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	GVWR up through 8,500 pounds	GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds	GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds	GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds	GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds	GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds	GVWR 6,001-8,500 pounds
Test procedure^b		7-mode	7-mode	CVS-72	CVS-73	CVS-75	CVS-76	CVS-77	CVS-78	CVS-79	CVS-80	CVS-81	CVS-82	CVS-83	CVS-84	CVS-85	CVS-86	CVS-87
Useful life, intermediate^c,f		^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	^j	5 years/50,000 miles	6 years/50,000 miles	7 years/50,000 miles
Useful life, full		5 years/50,000 miles	6 years/50,000 miles	7 years/50,000 miles	8 years/50,000 miles	9 years/50,000 miles	10 years/50,000 miles	11 years/50,000 miles	12 years/50,000 miles	13 years/50,000 miles	11 years/120,000 miles	12 years/120,000 miles	13 years/120,000 miles	14 years/120,000 miles	15 years/120,000 miles	16 years/120,000 miles	17 years/120,000 miles	18 years/120,000 miles

KEY: ALVW=adjusted loaded vehicle weight; CO = carbon monoxide; GVWR=gross vehicle weight rating; HC = hydrocarbons; NMHC=nonmethane hydrocarbon; NMOG=nonmethane organic gases; NOx=nitrogen oxides.

^aLight-duty truck categories LDT1-LDT4 were not created until 1994. From 1968 to 1978 all trucks with a GVWR up to 6,000 pounds were classified as light-duty trucks and were required to meet the same standards. As of 1979, the maximum weight was raised to 8,500 pounds GVWR. During 1988-93, light-duty trucks were divided into two subcategories that coincide with the current LDT1-LDT4 categories. The standards for LDT1, LDT2, and LDT3 are given in tables 4-30a, 4-40b, and 4-30c.

^bThe test procedure for measuring exhaust emissions has changed several times over the course of vehicle emissions regulation. The 7-mode procedure was used through model year 1971 and was replaced by the CVS-72 procedure beginning in model year 1972. The CVS-75 procedure became the test procedure as of model year 1975. While it may appear that the total HC and CO standards were relaxed in 1972-74, these standards were actually more stringent due to the more stringent nature of the CVS-72 test procedure.

Additional standards for CO and composite standards for NMHC and NOx tested over the new Supplemental Federal Test Procedure will be phased-in beginning with model year 2002. These standards are not shown in this table.

^cEmissions standards had to be met for a full useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles through model year 1983, and a full useful life of 11 years/120,000 miles was defined for 1985-93 (several useful life options were available for 1984). Beginning in model year 1996, emissions standards were established for an intermediate useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles as well as a full useful life of 11 years/120,000 miles (intermediate and full useful life standards are shown in parentheses). This applied to all pollutants except HC and particulates for all LDT4 vehicles and NOx for diesel-powered LDT4 vehicles, which were only required to meet full useful life standards. Tier 1 exhaust standards were phased-in during 1996-97 at a rate of 50% and 100%, respectively.

^dThe cold CO emissions standard is measured at 20 ⁰F (rather than 75 ⁰F) and is applicable for a 5-year/50,000-mile useful life.

^eGVWR is the maximum design loaded weight. ALVW is the numerical average of the GVWR and the curb weight.

^f Manufacturers can opt to certify vehicles for a full useful life of 15 years/150,000 miles and either have (1) intermediate useful life standards waived or (2) receive additional NOx credits.

^gThe "Prior to control" column reports emissions estimates of a typical newly manufactured car in the years before exhaust emissions certification standards were implemented.

^hNo estimate available.

ⁱ In 1968-69, exhaust emissions standards were issued in parts per million rather than grams per mile and are, therefore, incompatible with this table.

^j No standard has been set.

^kThe term "tier" refers to a level of standards for specific years. Interim 2 refers to an intermediate level of standards that moves manufacturers toward compliance with Tier 2 standards. Interim Tier 2 and Tier 2 standards are established as "bins." Each bin is a set of standards for NOx, CO, NMOG, formaldehyde, and particulate matter (HC and non-methane HC standards are dropped for Tier 2 and interim Tier 2). Manufacturers may certify any given vehicle family to any of the bins available for that vehicle class as long as the resulting sales-weighted corporate average NOx standard is met for full useful life. The Tier 2 corporate average NOx standard is 0.07 grams/mile. Interim corporate-based average NOx standards are based on vehicle type. The interim corporate sales-weighted average for LDT4 vehicles is 0.6 grams/mile. Tier 2 standards will be phased in during 2008 and 2009. In 2008, 50% of LDT4 vehicles must meet Tier 2 standards; the others must meet Interim Tier 2 standards. Beginning in 2009, all LDT4 vehicles must meet Tier 2 standards.

SOURCES

40 CFR 86, Subpart A (July 1, 2000).

Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 28, pp. 6851-6858.

Table 4-30d: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Trucks (Category LDT4)a,b,c (Grams per mile)

Table 4-30d: Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Trucks (Category LDT4)^a,b,c (Grams per mile)