Table 4-20M:  Energy Intensity of Passenger Modes (Kilojoule per passenger-kilometer),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,1960,1965,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005
"Air, certificated carrier",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Domestic operations,"5,659","6,633","6,677","5,078","3,764","3,308","3,233","3,062","2,992","2,988","2,913","2,873","2,742","2,731","2,703","2,655","2,546","2,550","2,358","2,270","2,161","2,086"
International operations,"6,031","6,748","7,202","5,550","2,845","3,345","2,980","3,022","2,792","2,687","2,718","2,736","2,693","2,733","2,804","2,703","2,513","2,599","2,570","2,538","2,247","2,310"
Highwaya,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger car,"2,947","2,921","3,174","3,109","2,850","2,799","2,498","2,395","2,428","2,481","2,472","2,439","2,418","2,397","2,384","2,407","2,353","2,358","2,360","2,340","(R) 2,301","2,267"
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle,N,N,"4,465","4,308","3,743","3,259","2,976","2,804","2,790","2,803","2,849","2,975","2,977","2,992","2,995","3,024","2,956","2,612","2,702","2,919","(R) 2,918","2,918"
Motorcycle,b,b,"1,639","1,543","1,393","1,243","1,460","1,257","1,305","1,352","1,400","1,491","1,489","1,490","1,490","1,490","1,490","1,343","1,291","1,291","(R) 1,291","1,291"
Transit motor bus,N,N,N,N,"1,798","2,222","2,441","2,470","2,647","2,586","2,728","2,724","2,751","2,772","2,709","2,651","2,719","2,424","2,327","2,304",U,U
Amtrak,N,N,N,"1,562","1,408","1,370","1,354","1,297","1,334","1,326","1,269","1,205","1,411","1,442","1,402","1,381","1,399",U,U,U,U,U
KEY: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"a  For 1995 and subsequent years, highway passenger-miles were taken directly from Highway Statistics rather than derived from vehicle-miles and average occupancy, as is the case for 1960-1994.  Passenger-miles were then converted to passenger-kilometers.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,
b  Included in passenger car.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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NOTES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"To calculate total joules, multiply fuel consumed (see tables 4-21, 4-22, 4-24, 4-25) by 37,626,700 joules/liter for air carrier, 34,839,537 joules/liter for passenger car, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle, and motorcycle, and 38,657,950 joules/liter for transit motor bus and Amtrak.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1.609344 kilometers = 1 mile.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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SOURCES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Air:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Certificated air carriers:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger-kilometers:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1960-80: Air Transport Association, Internet site http://www.airlines.org as of Aug. 30, 2004.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1985-2004: U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Traffic Statistics (Washington DC: Annual December issues).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Fuel consumed:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Internet site http://www.bts.gov/oai/fuel/fuelyearly.html as of Dec. 28, 2005.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Highway:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger car:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A. ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1990-2004: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1970-94: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1990-2004: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Motorcycle:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1970-85: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1985, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC:  July 1997), table VM-201A.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1990-2004: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Transit motor bus:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"American Public Transportation Association, 2005 Public Transportation Fact Book (Washington, DC: Annual issues), tables 11 and 35, and similar tables in earlier editions.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Amtrak:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Amtrak, State and Local Affairs Department, personal communication.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,