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DNA—Nuclear
Mission
The DNA Analysis Unit (DNAAU-1) examines items of evidence from a wide variety
of alleged crimes including counterterrorism and intelligence gathering
efforts, threatening letters (e.g. anthrax threat letters), violent crimes
such as homicides and sexual assaults, bank robberies, extortion and organized
crime cases, and many other violations investigated by the FBI. The unit
is also responsible for the processing of known DNA samples from the nation's
federal convicted offenders.
The Team
Biologists, forensic examiners, and DNA program specialists
The Work
Serology Program
Utilize traditional serological techniques and biochemical testing in
order to aid in the identification of stains such as blood, semen, and other
body fluids. Once a body fluid stain is identified, further characterization
of the stain via DNA analysis can be carried out.
PCR Program
The DNA analysis method currently used by the FBI Laboratory is PCR-based Short
Tandem Repeat (STR) typing. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique allows
for the analysis of extremely small body fluid stains, as well as the analysis
of samples with no visible staining (e.g. envelopes in an extortion case or a
ski mask from a bank robbery). The results of the DNA analyses on evidentiary
items are then compared to the results obtained from known blood or saliva samples
submitted from the victims and/or suspects potentially involved in the alleged
incident.
Federal Convicted Offender (FCO) Program
Use nuclear DNA profiling techniques to type known samples
from convicted offenders in the federal system and enter the profiles into
the National DNA Index System (NDIS). The profiles from the FCOs are searched
and
compared against the forensic samples maintained in the national database.
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) Program
Conduct examinations in the area of BPA analysis and provides
training to various law enforcement personnel. BPA involves the examination
of the size, shape, and distribution of bloodstains on photographs, objects,
clothing, or on an individual for the purpose of reconstructing the events
resulting in the bloodstain patterns found.
Training Program
Provide training to prepare individuals to become qualified
as (1) biologists who perform hands-on testing of evidence specimens using
serological and DNA profiling methods, or (2) biologists serving as examiners
who are responsible for interpreting and reporting test results and trial
testimony when required.
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