General Competition (November 1994)

Development of Improved Functional Properties in Renewable-Resource-Based Biodegradable Plastics

Sponsor: Cargill Dow, LLC (formerly Cargill Inc. Research Center)

• Project Performance Period: 2/1/1995 - 1/31/1998
• Total project (est.): $5,220,000.00
• Requested ATP funds: $1,994,000.00

The disposal of plastic wastes is becoming a critical problem worldwide. Biodegradable polymers have the potential to replace some non-degradable plastics and, thereby, reduce the burden on landfills. Furthermore, if biodegradable plastics are made from readily available, renewable resources such as fermentable sugars from agricultural crops, conventional energy resources can be conserved. Cargill, Inc., has developed technology for manufacturing polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer. The process involves the fermentation of corn sugars to produce lactic acid, which is converted to PLA through low-cost, high-yield catalytic polymerization. (Polymers are large molecules consisting of long chains of repeated units.) At present, PLA lacks the thermal properties needed to tolerate the temperatures at which some potential products could be stored, shipped, and used. Six approaches are proposed that could achieve the desired properties while retaining biodegradability. The three most promising options involve controlling the crystallinity of PLA; developing copolymers (hybrids) of lactic acid and other monomers; and blending PLA with other polymers. Initial products for which PLA is being considered include fast-food service ware, compostable bags, and personal care products. PLA shows considerable potential. Success in these programs will significantly accelerate its commercial acceptance.

For project information:

Dr. Patrick R. Gruber, (612) 742-6525

ATP Project Manager

Linda Schilling, (301) 975-2887
linda.schilling@nist.gov