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| Corrections StatisticsOn this page: Summary findings |
About the data collections |
Pages with additional information, statistics, and publications about: Summary findings Adult
correctional populations, 1980-2006
BJS corrections data collections
Annual Survey of Jails collects intercensal estimates
of the number of inmates in the Nation's local jails and data on the relationship
between jail populations and capacities.
Capital Punishment (NPS-8) series yields annual
national and state-level data on persons sentenced to death and those
executed. Data collected include offender demographic characteristics,
prior criminal histories, and criminal justice system status at the time
of the capital offense, and time spent on death row.
Census of Jails is conducted every 5 years,
detailing information on each facility, admissions and releases, court
orders, programs that offer alternatives to incarceration, amount charged
to hold an inmate for another jurisdiction, use of space and crowding,
staffing, health care (including prevalence of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis),
drug testing policies and practices, inmate work assignments, and education
and counseling programs. The census furnishes the sampling frame for the
nationwide survey of jail inmates.
Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities
is conducted approximately every 5 years, providing detailed information
on the types of inmates housed, facility age and type, security level,
court orders, programs, health and safety conditions, confinement space,
employment, and operating costs.
Census of State and Local Probation and Parole Agencies is a complete
census of federal, state, and locally operated probation and parole agencies.
The census gathers data on staffing, expenditures, program operation and
participation levels, and drug and HIV-testing policies and programs.
The census serves as the sampling frame for the national Survey of Adults
on Probation. Deaths in Custody Reporting Program (DCRP) collects quarterly inmate
death records from each of the Nation's 50 state prison systems, 50 state
juvenile correctional authorities, and 3,095 local jails. In addition,
this program collects quarterly records of all deaths during the process
of arrest by each of the Nation's 17,784 state and local law enforcement
agencies. These death records include information on the deceased's personal
characteristics (age, gender and race/ethnicity), their criminal background
(legal status, offense types, length of stay in custody), as well as details
of the death itself (the date, time, location and cause of each death,
as well as information on autopsies and medical treatment provided for
illnesses/diseases). Data collections covering these populations were
developed in annual phases: data collection from local jails began in
2000, state prisons were added in 2001, state juvenile correctional agencies
were added in 2002, and coverage of arrest-process deaths began in 2003.
While data is collected on a quarterly schedule, datasets will be produced
in annual formats.
Inventory of State and Federal corrections
information systems collected basic information on state
and federal offender-based corrections information systems including a
description of the capabilities of the information systems for producing
data extracts, linking records, and exchanging information electronically.
The inventory was conducted by the Urban Institute with sponsorship from
BJS, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), and the Corrections Program
Office (CPO), and with assistance from the State-Federal Committee of
the Association of State Corrections Administrators (ASCA).
National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP)
collects data annually on prison admissions and releases and on parole
entries and discharges in participating jurisdictions. Demographic information,
conviction offenses, sentence length, minimum time to be served, credited
jail time, type of admission, type of release, and time served are collected
from individual prisoner records. NCRP spreadsheets since 1993 National Prisoner Statistics (NPS) produces annual and semiannual national and state-level data on the numbers of prisoners in state and federal prison facilities. Since 1926, the federal government has published data annually on the prisoner count in each state and the federal prison system. The prisoner count in the District of Columbia is included until 2001, when the District ceased operating a prison system.
National Recidivism Study of Released Prisoners
provides national estimates of the recidivism rate of prisoners released
in 1983 and 1994. In the two editions of the survey, samples of released
prisoners are tracked for three years, and data are compiled on the percentage
of them that are rearrested, reconvicted, or reimprisoned for new crimes
within the three-year follow-up period. The various recidivism measures
are based on official criminal history records maintained by each state
and the FBI. Probation and Parole Data Surveys annually
gather data on state and federal probation and parole counts and movements
and the characteristics of persons under the supervision of probation
and parole agencies. Published data include admissions and releases by
method of entry and discharge, demographic characteristics, offense type
(probation), maximum sentence to incarceration (parole), intensive supervision,
and electronic monitoring.
Census of State Parole Supervising Agencies Survey was sent to 68 respondents, including 50 central state reporters, the California Youth Authority, and the District of Columbia. Sixteen local Minnesota Community Corrections Act agencies were asked to provide information on staffing and supervision not available from the state. The purpose of the census was to collect information about parole supervising organizations.
Recidivism Survey of Felons on Probation provides national estimates
of the recidivism rate of felons sentenced to probation in selected years.
In the survey, samples of convicted felons placed on probation are tracked
for three years, and data are compiled on the percentage of them that
are rearrested, reconvicted, or reimprisoned for new crimes within the
three-year follow-up period. The various recidivism measures are based
on official criminal history records maintained by each state. Survey of Adults on Probation (SAP)
obtains for the first time detailed information on the background and
characteristics of a national sample of probationers representative of
the 2.5 million adults under such supervision in the community. Specific
areas of inquiry include criminal history, prior drug and alcohol use,
participation in drug and alcohol treatment programs, use of firearms,
victim characteristics, the conditions of supervision, and the extent
of contact with probation authorities. Survey of Inmates in Federal Correctional Facilities
(SIFCF) was first conducted in 1991 by a joint effort between BJS and
the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP). The survey collects the same information
as the SISCF and will also be conducted every 5 years. Data were collected
through personal interviews with a nationally representative sample of
3,686 inmates in 39 federal prisons.
Survey of Inmates in Local Jails (SILJ) is
periodically administered to collect data on the personal and family characteristics
of jail inmates, past drug and alcohol use, history of physical and sexual
abuse, and history of contact with the criminal justice system. The survey
relies on personal interviews with a nationally representative sample
of almost 6,000 inmates. Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities
(SISCF) is conducted every 5 years, providing information on individual
characteristics of prison inmates, current offenses and sentences, characteristics
of victims, criminal histories, family background, gun possession and
use, prior drug and alcohol use and treatment, educational programs and
other services provided while in prison, as well as other personal characteristics.
Data are collected through personal interviews with a nationally representative
sample of 14,499 inmates in about 287 state prisons.
Survey of Jails in Indian Country collects detailed information on confinement facilities, detention centers, jails, and other facilities operated by tribal authorities or the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Information is gathered on inmate counts, movements, and facility operations and staff. In selected years additional information is collected on facility programs and services, such as medical assessments and mental health screening procedures, inmate work assignments, counseling, and educational programs.
National Inmate Survey (NIS) is part of the BJS National Prison Rape Statistics Program to gather mandated data on the incidence of prevalence of sexual assault in correctional facilities under the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-79). The Act requires a 10% sample of correctional facilities to be listed by incidence of sexual assault. Data are collected directly from inmates in a private setting using Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interview (ACASI) technology with a laptop touchscreen and an audio feed to maximize inmate confidentiality and minimize literacy issues. The sample includes approximately 150 state and federal prison facilities and 300 jail facilities, and between 80,000 to 90,000 individual inmate interviews. The first year of collection is to be completed by yearend 2007.
Also by BJS staffBeck, Allen J. and Peter M. Brien, "Trends in the U.S. Correctional Populations: Recent findings from the Bureau of Justice Statistics" The Dilemmas of Corrections, 3rd Edition. Greenfeld, Lawrence A. and Steven D. Dillingham. "An Overview of National Corrections Statistics," Federal Probation Quarterly, Washington, D.C.: Administrative Office of the United States Courts, June 1991. Selected statisticsCorrectional Populations in the United
States - Statistical tables
1998 data are currently available, 9/02 Related sites From BJS
Other relevant sites 
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