Kidney and Urologic Diseases Statistics for the United States
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Kidney Problems
Kidney disease
Prevalence (1999�04): An estimated 7.69 percent of adults aged 20 or older (15.5 million adults) have physiological evidence of chronic kidney disease determined as a moderately or severely reduced glomerular filtration rate. 1
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Postdiarrheal
Incidence
- 2005: 221 cases in 34 states 2
- 2004: 200 cases in 30 states 3
- 2003: 178 cases in 32 states 4
- 2002: 216 cases in 33 states 5
- 2001: 202 cases in 28 states 6
- 2000: 249 cases in 24 states 7
- 1999: 181 cases in 26 states 7
- 1998: 119 cases in 17 states 7
End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Prevalence (2005): 485,012 U.S. residents were under treatment as of the end of the calendar year. 8
Resulting from these primary diseases:
Diabetes: 179,157
Hypertension: 117,438
Glomerulonephritis: 78,345
Cystic kidney: 22,458
All other: 87,614
Incidence (2005): 106,912 U.S. residents were new beneficiaries of treatment. 8
Resulting from these primary diseases:
Diabetes: 46,851
Hypertension: 28,622
Glomerulonephritis: 8,100
Cystic kidney: 2,495
All other: 20,844
Mortality (2005): Among U.S. residents with ESRD, there were 167.3 deaths per 1,000 patient years. 8 There were 85,790 deaths in all patients undergoing ESRD treatment. 8
Costs for the ESRD program (2005): $32 billion in public and private spending 8
ESRD treatment:
Dialysis treatment (2005): 341,319 U.S. residents with ESRD received dialysis. 8
In-center hemodialysis: 312,057
Home hemodialysis: 2,105
Peritoneal dialysis: 25,895
CAPD* 10,732
CCPD** 15,163
Other PD*** 37
*CAPD=continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
**CCPD=continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis
***PD=peritoneal dialysis
Uncertain dialysis: 1,225
Number of kidney transplants performed 8:
2005: 17,429
2000: 14,592
1995: 12,141
1990: 10,021
1985: 7,501
1980: 3,784
Source of organ donations for kidney transplants performed (2005) 8:
From deceased donor: 10,811
From living related donor: 4,195
From spouse/life partner: 835
From living unrelated donor: 1,495
Paired exchange: 25
Living-deceased exchange: 12
Unknown relationship: 54
Number of people awaiting transplants (December 21, 2007) 9:
Kidney (only): 74,182
Kidney and pancreas: 2,292
Dialysis survival (probability of patients surviving,
from day 91 of ESRD, unadjusted) 8:
1 year (2004–2005): 78.3
2 years (2003–2005): 63.6
5 years (2000–2005): 32.1
10 years (1995–2005): 10.3
Patient survival following deceased-donor transplant (probability of recipients surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted) 8:
1 year (2004–2005): 94.6
2 years (2003–2005): 91.2
5 years (2000–2005): 80.3
10 years (1995–2005): 61.2
Patient survival following living-donor transplant (probability of recipients surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted) 8:
1 year (2004–2005): 97.9
2 years (2003–2005): 96.6
5 years (2000–2005): 89.5
10 years (1995–2005): 75.1
Graft survival following deceased-donor transplant (probability of transplanted kidney surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted) 8:
1 year (2004–2005): 89.6
2 years (2003–2005): 83.7
5 years (2000–2005): 66.6
10 years (1995–2005): 41.7
Graft survival following living-donor transplant (probability of transplanted kidney surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted) 8:
1 year (2004–2005): 95.1
2 years (2003–2005): 91.9
5 years (2000–2005): 79.4
10 years (1995–2005): 55.2
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Urologic Problems
Interstitial cystitis
Prevalence (2004): Of 1,218 women in a study group, 154 (12.6 percent) had likely interstitial cystitis, based on results of the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale. In the same study group, only 13 (1.1 percent) were classified as having
interstitial cystitis by the O’Leary-Sant IC Symptom Index and Problem Index. The authors of the published research article suggest that the true prevalence lies somewhere between these two extremes. 10
(1988�94): More than 1.3 million (1,218,631 women and 82,832 men) adults aged 20 or older self-reported having been diagnosed with interstitial cystitis. 11
Urinary stones
Prevalence of kidney stones: The percent of adults aged 20 to 74 who self-reported ever having had kidney stones:
(1988�94): 5.2 percent of adults (6.3 percent of men and 4.1 percent of women) 12
(1976�80): 3.2 percent of adults (4.9 percent of men and 2.8 percent of women) 12
Inpatient hospital stays: The estimated number of hospital admissions among adults aged 20 or older with “calculus of kidney and ureters” as a primary diagnosis:
(2004): 171,000 hospital stays 13
(2000): 177,496 hospital stays 14
Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by adults aged 20 or older with “calculus of kidney and ureters” as a listed diagnosis:
(2000): 2 million visits with urolithiasis as the primary diagnosis 14
(2000): 2.7 million visits with urolithiasis listed as any diagnosis 14
Cost (2000): $2.07 billion expended for evaluation and treatment 14 Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Prevalence (1994): Percentages and counts of women and men who had a UTI in the past 12 months:
Women: 13.3 percent (12.8 million) 15
Men: 2.3 percent (2.0 million) 16
Inpatient hospital stays: The estimated number of hospital admissions among adults aged 20 or older with UTI or cystitis listed as a diagnosis:
(2004): 429,000 hospital stays 13
(2000): 367,246 hospital stays
(121,367 men; 245,879 women) 15-16
Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by patients aged 20 or older with UTI or cystitis listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 8.27 million visits (1.41 million men; 6.86 million women) with UTI as the primary diagnosis 14
(2000): 11.02 million visits (2.05 million
men; 8.97 million women) with UTI listed as any diagnosis 14
Cost (2000): $3.5 billion ($1.0 billion for men; $2.5 billion for women) expended for evaluation and treatment 14
Urinary incontinence
Prevalence (1999�00): Urinary incontinence affects an estimated 38 percent of women aged 60 or older.17 Urinary incontinence
affects an estimated 17 percent of men aged 60 or older.18
Inpatient hospital stays: The estimated number of hospital admissions among adults aged 18 or older with urinary incontinence listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 47,802 hospital stays (1,332 men; 46,470 women) 14
Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by patients aged 20 or older, with urinary incontinence listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 207,595 visits (men) with UI as the primary diagnosis 14
(2000): 1.16 million visits (women) with UI as the primary diagnosis 14
(2000): 353,065 visits (men) with UI listed as any diagnosis 14
(2000): 2.13 million visits (women) with UI listed as any diagnosis 14
Costs (2000): $463.1 million annually ($10.3 million for men; $452.8 million for women) in hospital stays and visits to office-based physicians, hospital outpatient clinics, and emergency rooms by adults. 14
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Other Related Problems
Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia [BPH]) and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)
Prevalence (2000): 6.5 million of the 27 million Caucasian men aged 50 to 79 in the United States were expected to meet the criteria for discussing treatment options for BPH. 19
BPH/LUTS (AUA Symptom Score of 7 or greater) prevalence estimates for different ages:
40–49: 24 percent
50–59: 31 percent
60–79: 36 percent
70–up: 44 percent 19
Doctor visits: The estimated number of doctor visits by men aged 20 or older with “hyperplasia of the prostate” listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 4.4 million visits with “hyperplasia of the prostate” listed as the primary diagnosis 14
(2000): 7.8 million visits with “hyperplasia of the prostate” listed as any diagnosis 14
Costs (2000): $1.1 billion annually in direct expenditures for medical services provided at hospital inpatient and outpatient settings, emergency departments, and physicians’ offices 14
Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)
Prevalence (2000): Complete erectile dysfunction (never able to achieve an erection) prevalence estimates for different ages (based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey):
20–29: 1.8 percent
30–39: 0.4 percent
40–49: 1.2 percent
50–59: 4.0 percent
60–69: 16.7 percent
70–74: 21.5 percent
75–up: 47.5 percent
Total: 6.2 percent 20
Prostate Cancer
Incidence (2000): Incidence rates for prostate cancer by race and age:
Caucasian men under 65: 62 cases per 100,000 population of men
African American men under 65: 114 cases per 100,000 population of men
Caucasian men over 65: 935 cases per 100,000 population of men
African American men over 65: 1,396 cases per 100,000 population of men 21
Costs (2000): $1.3 billion 21
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Sources
Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, Manzi J, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Van Lente F, Levey AS. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2007;298(17):2038�47. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 2007;54(53):24. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2004. MMWR. 2006;53(53):24. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2003. MMWR. 2005;52(54):7. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2002. MMWR. 2004;51(53):22. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2001. MMWR. 2003;50(53):xv. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2000. MMWR. 2002;49(53):xiii. United States Renal Data System. USRDS 2007 Annual Data Report. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); 2007. Available at: www.usrds.org. Accessed September 26, 2007. United Network for Organ Sharing. Available at: www.unos.org. Accessed December 28, 2007. For updates, call 804–330–8576 or fax 804–323–3794. Rosenberg MT, Hazzard M. Prevalence of interstitial cystitis symptoms in women: a population based study in the primary care office. Journal of Urology. 2005;174(6):2231–2234. Clemens JQ, Joyce GF, Wise M, Payne CK. Interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, Public Health Service (PHS), NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO); 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:123–154. Stamatelou KK, Francis ME, Jones CA, Nyberg LM, Curhan GC. Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994. Kidney International. 2003;63:1817–1823. National Center for Health Statistics. National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2004 Annual Summary With Detailed Diagnosis and Procedure Data. DHHS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hyattsville, MD: GPO; 2006. DHHS publication 2006–1733. Litwin MS, Saigal CS. Introduction. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:3–7. Griebling TL. Urinary Tract Infection in Women. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington,
DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:587–619. Griebling TL. Urinary Tract Infection in Men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:621–645. Nygaard I, Thom DH, Calhoun EA. Urinary Incontinence in Women. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:157–191. Stothers L, Thom DH, Calhoun EA. Urinary Incontinence in Men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:193–221. Wei JT, Calhoun EA, Jacobsen SJ. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:43–67. Saigal CS, Wessells H, Wilt T. Predictors and prevalence of erectile dysfunction in a racially diverse population. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006;166:207–212. Penson DF, Chan JM. Prostate Cancer. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:71–120.
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The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse collects resource information about kidney and urologic diseases for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Reference Collection. This database provides titles, abstracts, and availability information for health information and health education resources. The NIDDK Reference Collection is a service of the National Institutes of Health.
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National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse
3 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3580
Phone: 1–800–891–5390
TTY: 1–866–569–1162
Fax: 703–738–4929
Email: nkudic@info.niddk.nih.gov
Internet: www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov/
The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1987, the Clearinghouse provides information about diseases of the kidneys and urologic system to people with kidney and urologic disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NKUDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about kidney and urologic diseases.
Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts.
This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this publication to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired.
NIH Publication No. 08–3895
February 2008
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