triangulation.
Also prior to this ATP project, Perceptron had developed a scanning
laser radar called the LASAR, which was the only commercially available
scanning laser radar device at the time. This device provided a fundamental
advance in the use of machine vision for robot guidance.
ERIM,
headquartered in Ann Arbor Michigan, brought significant experience
in image-processing and laser radar systems.
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Project
Goals and Accomplishments
Perceptron, UMD, and ERIM researchers had four technical objectives
in software and hardware development, centered on 1) image preprocessing,
2) image feature extraction, 3) testing, and 4) hardware standardization.
The aim was to create a standard set of algorithms for 3-D image-processing
and object feature analysis, and to demonstrate the effectiveness
of these algorithms in a test environment that could simulate the
demands of a variety of different manufacturing applications. Such
a test environment would allow many different automation vendors
to develop general-purpose 3-D vision software products. This would
in turn spur hardware production, resulting in widely available
3-D machine vision systems at affordable prices. The advances were
expected to make it much more cost-effective to use automated systems
in a variety of industrial processes, thus enhancing U.S. manufacturing
competitiveness.
Perceptron reached all four of the projects technical objectives.
Most significantly, the objectives for software tools were exceeded,
with over 200 image processing algorithms developed. According to
a company representative, the ATP award accelerated progress towards
accomplishing the goals by five years or more.1
Progress Toward Commercialization
The chief focus of Perceptrons subsequent efforts to apply
project advances has been in robot guidance. Robot guidance is considered
a leading application of machine vision technology because it demands
a high level of recognition capability. Technology which can meet
the stringent demands of robot guidance systems generally can move
into other applications, such as measurement and inspection.
Perceptron worked with Trident Systems, a systems integrator, to
develop two related machine vision systems for use in Gulf States
Paper Corporations new $40 million lumber mill in Moundville,
Alabama. The first
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system
decides how to best cut logs crosswise into shorter lengths. The second
system calculates the mix of plank sizes that will yield the least
waste and most profit from each log.
Perceptron also is applying project results in developing machine
vision systems to inspect the lining of furnaces used in steel processing.
These systems would be able to detect faults in the lining remotely
while the furnace is still in operation. Currently, furnaces must
be shut down in order to examine the lining for faults pursuant to
safety regulations, resulting in substantial downtime and loss of
production.
Perceptron is building on the advances in software from the machine
vision project to develop prototype automatic inspection devices for
automobiles on assembly lines.
Perceptron
worked with Trident Systems, a systems integrator, to develop
two related machine vision systems for use in Gulf States
Paper Corporations new $40 million lumber mill in
Moundville, Alabama.
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The company is collaborating with Ford Motor Company as part of a
new ATP project to use robot guidance applications in auto industry
robotics. 2
A
Remaining Impediment to a Generic System
Despite the technical advances in software and Perceptrons
progress in commercializing results from the project, further improvement
is needed to achieve a truly generic machine vision technology.
Before the project, software capabilities lagged behind the capabilities
of imaging devices then on the market, and the software was considered
the major technical barrier. Although the project made progress
with software, it made little further progress in the capabilities
of imaging devices. By the end of the project, the capability of
existing imaging devices was a remaining impediment.
The level of precision required for many of the actual applications,
including those currently being developed by Perceptron, can only
be achieved by customizing existing imaging devices at considerable
cost. The inability of existing imaging devices to meet the demands
of varied applications without undergoing customization, limits
the ability of companies to take full commercial advantage of the
progress made in developing generic software under the ATP project.
Thus there is a need for further improve-ments in imaging devices,
and improvements are now being pursued.
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