Joan’s Military and Political Strategies: The Duke D'alen�on starting with the words "I did not see Jeanne from the time she left the King. . .";
Maître Guillaume Manchon, the notary for Joan’s Trial of Condemnation, testifying in 1449 about the attitude of the English during Joan’s first trial (from the beginning to the words, "I nevertheless wrote only according to my hearing and knowledge"). Massieu (Further examined): another witness on the English attitude toward Joan.
What does this excerpt tell us about the events that the speaker witnessed?
What does it tell us about Joan’s actions and behavior during these events?
What does the testimony tell us about the person giving the evidence?
What does the excerpt convey about the speaker’s point of view and motivations? Is this person a supporter or an opponent of Joan?
If you did not know which trial this evidence came from, would you think this came from Joan’s trial for heresy or the subsequent nullification trial? Why?
What does this excerpt tell us about Joan’s motivations?
What can we learn from this excerpt about her goals?
What does this testimony tell us about her strengths? Weaknesses?
Explain how you came to your conclusions. You should also think about the following questions while reading these excerpts:
What evidence from the excerpts tends to support the thesis that Joan was innocent of heresy?
What potential bias in the excerpts should be noted?
For which questions did no evidence surface, pointing toward the need for further research?