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Compressed Mortality File 1979-1998 and 1999 -2005 Summary The Compressed Mortality File (CMF) is a county-level national mortality and population data base spanning the years 1968-2005. On CDC WONDER, data are available for the years 1979-2005. The number of deaths, crude death rates or age-adjusted death rates can be obtained by place of residence (total U.S., state, and county), age group, race (white, black, and other), gender, year of death, and underlying cause-of-death (4-digit ICD code or group of codes). For more information, see Compressed Mortality File Topics below. Beginning in 1989, new confidentiality restrictions apply to compressed mortality data. The data are suppressed at the cell level, affecting the value displayed in a table of the requested data. Briefly, if a county's total census year population is less than 100,000, then death counts of five or less (count <= 5) and the associated death rates may not be shown unless three or more years of data are combined. On WONDER, if a query for a small county results in death counts of five or less (count <=5) and three or more years of data are not combined, then the death counts are shown as "Suppressed". Data years 1999 and later reference the year 2000 population figures for suppression, data years 1979-1998 reference the year 1990 population figures for suppression. See Assurance of Confidentiality for more information. Due to changes in the classification for underlying cause-of-death adopted in 1999, WONDER has separate query screens for CMF data for 1979-1998, and CMF data for 1999 and later. Mortality data: The mortality data on the Compressed Mortality File are based on records for all deaths occurring in the fifty states and the District of Columbia. Deaths to foreign residents are excluded. Deaths to residents who died abroad are not included on this file. Cause of death on the CMF is the underlying cause-of-death, which is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the disease or injury which initiated the train of events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury." Underlying cause-of-death is selected from the conditions entered by the physician on the cause of death section of the death certificate. When more than one cause or condition is entered by the physician, the underlying cause is determined by the sequence of conditions on the certificate, provisions of the ICD, and associated selection rules and modifications. Underlying cause of death is classified in accordance with the International Classification of Disease. Deaths for 1979-98 are classified using the Ninth Revision (ICD-9). Deaths for 1999 and beyond are classified using the Tenth Revision (ICD-10). For deaths due to injuries and poisonings that occurred during 1979-1998, the External cause is coded (E800-E999) rather than the Nature of Injury (800-999). The letter "E" is not included in the code. Beginning with data for 2001, NCHS introduced categories *U01-*U03 for classifying and coding deaths due to acts of terrorism. The asterisks before the category codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). Description of the specific 4-digit codes can be found at NCHS Classifications of Diseases, and Functioning & Disability: Appendix I. Deaths classified to the terrorism categories are included in the categories for Assault (homicide) and Intentional self-harm (suicide) in the 113 cause-of-death list. Additional information on these new categories can be found at NCHS Classifications of Diseases, and Functioning & Disability: Classification of Death and Injury Resulting from Terrorism. Deaths in World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks---New York City, 2001. For the years 1988 through 1991, if there were three or fewer deaths for a given Georgia county of residence (of deaths occurring in Georgia) with HIV infection (ICD codes *042-*044, 795.8) cited as a cause-of-death (underlying or non-underlying cause), these records were assigned a "missing" place of residence code (location code (FIPS code 13999). These deaths do not appear in county death rates, but these deaths are included in the state and national death rates. The 2005 population estimates for Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi do not reflect population changes that occurred after Hurricane Katrina. The July 1st 2005 population estimates for Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi do not reflect population changes that occurred after Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. The populations of these three states and of Orleans parish in Louisiana, Baldwin and Mobile counties in Alabama, and George, Harrison, and Rankin counties in Mississippi were reduced following Hurricane Katrina; East Baton Rouge parish in Louisiana had an increased population. As a result, 2005 death rates for these areas (except East Baton Rouge) calculated using the population estimates on this file will be too low; the death rates calculated for East Baton Rouge will be somewhat too high. Death rates for Orleans parish are especially affected. Alternative population estimates for these areas are being developed by the National Cancer Institute and will be available on their web site soon. Population data: The population estimates on the Compressed Mortality File are U.S. Census Bureau estimates of U.S. national, state, and county resident populations. The estimates for 1979 and 1981 - 1989 are intercensal estimates of July 1 resident populations. As of September 2003, the estimates for 1991-99 are bridged-race intercensal estimates of the July 1 resident populations. ( Prior to September 2003, the estimates for 1991 - 1999 were postcensal estimates from the 1999 series.) The 1980, 1990, and 2000 population estimates are April 1 modified census counts. The 2000 population counts have bridged-race categories. The 2001 - 2005 population estimates are bridged-race postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. For more information, see Population Estimates on the Compressed Mortality File and Revised Population Estimates. NCHS live-birth data are included for "Infant Age Groups" so that infant mortality rates can be calculated. The number of live births and the population estimate for the "under one year of age" group differ slightly, thus death rates may differ slightly when compared. For more information, see Mortality for Infants. Source: Compressed Mortality File is produced by the Office of Analysis and Epidemiology (OAE), in the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). See Data Source Information. In WONDER: You can produce tables, maps, charts, and data extracts. Obtain death counts, crude rates and age-adjusted rates, select specific disease and demographic criteria to produce cross-tabulated mortality measures. Data are organized into three levels of geographic detail: national, state (including multi-state regions) and county. The population estimates used as the denominator for rate calculations are also shown. You can limit and index your data by any and all of these variables: Location - Division, Region, State, County Year - 1999-2005 Age Group - optionally include infant age groups Race - All, Black or African American, Other Races Combined, White Gender (Sex) - Female, Male Cause of Death - underlying cause of death Injury Intent and Mechanism - for analysis of injury mortality Urbanization - classifies population density and other factors (not available in earlier releases) The following statistical measures are available as query results: Death Counts Crude Rates Age-Adjusted Rates Contents: Compressed Mortality Data Request Data Source Information Additional Information Other Issues Compressed Mortality Data Request Output You can produce tables, maps, charts, and data extracts. Obtain death counts, crude rates and age-adjusted rates, select specific disease and demographic criteria to produce cross-tabulated mortality measures. Data are organized into three levels of geographic detail: national, state (including multi-state regions) and county. The population estimates used as the denominator for rate calculations are also shown. Variables You can limit and index your data by any and all of these variables: Location - Division, Region, State, County Year - 1999-2005 Age Group - optionally include infant age groups Gender (Sex) - Female, Male Race - All, Black or African American, Other Races Combined, White Cause of Death - underlying cause of death Injury Intent and Mechanism - for analysis of injury mortality Urbanization - classifies population density and other factors (not available in earlier releases) How? The Request screen has sections to guide you through the making a data request as step-by-step process. However, to get your first taste of how the system works, you might want to simply press any Send button, and execute the default data request. The data results for your query appear on the Table screen. After you get your data results, try the Chart and Map screens. Or export your data to a file (tab-delimited line listing) for download to your computer. For more information, see the following: Quick Start Guide Step 1, Organize and label results Step 2, Select location and time Step 3, Select demographics Step 4, Select cause of death Step 5, Select injury intent and mechanism Step 6, Select rate options Step 7, Other options 'By-Variables' Select variables that serve as keys (indexes) for organizing your data. See How do I organize my data? for more information. Note:   To map your data, you must select at least one geographical location as a "By-Variable" for grouping your data, such as State or County. Help Click on any button labled "Help", located to the right hand side of the screen at the top of each section. Each control's label, such as the "Location" label next to the Location entry box, is linked to the on-line help for that item. Send Sends your data request to be processed on the CDC WONDER databases. The Send buttons are located on the bottom of the Request page, and also in the upper right corner of each section, for easy access. Step 1. Organize table layout: Group Results By   Select up to five variables that serve as keys for grouping your data. See Group Results By below for hints. Show Percent of Total   If checked percent of total will appear in the results table. Title   Enter any desired description to display as a title with your results. The following statistical measures are available as query results: Death Counts Crude Rates Age-Adjusted Rates (optional) Group Results By... Select up to five variables that serve as keys for grouping your data. For example, you could select to group (summarize, stratify, index) your data by State and by County. How?    See How do I organize my data? for more information. Hints:    When age-adjusted rates are calculated, you cannot group the data by Age Group. About charts: You cannot make charts when your data has more than two By-Variables. About maps: To make a map, you must request data with a geographic location variable, such as State or County, as a "By-Variable." Then click the Map tab. Counts The death counts in the data represent deaths that occurred in the 50 United States and the district of Columbia, for the legal place of residence of the decedent. See Mortality data for more information. Note: Counts are suppressed for county-level data for deaths occurring after the year 1988, when the death count is less than 6, and the census year county population is less than 100, 000 persons, and the data shown represents fewer than 3 years combined. Data years 1999 and later reference the year 2000 population figures for suppression, data years 1979-1998 reference the year 1990 population figures for suppression. Crude Rates Crude Rates are expressed as the number of deaths reported each calendar year per the factor you select. The default factor is per 100,000 population, reporting the death rate per 100,000 persons. Crude Rate = Count / Population * 100,000 See Frequently Asked Questions about Death Rates . Hints: Rates calculated with population estimates are per 100,000 persons by default. However, infant mortality rates are calculated per 1,000 live births by default. See Step 6 to select the factor for rate calculations. Select the precision for rate calculations in the Other Options section. When the rate calculated for a small numerator (incidence count) is zero, you may increase the precision to reveal the rate by showing more numbers to the right of the decimal point. Notes: Rates for small populations should be interpreted with caution. Rates are suppressed for county-level data for deaths occurring after the year 1988, when the death count is less than 6, and the census year county population is less than 100, 000 persons, and the data shown represents fewer than 3 years combined. Data years 1999 and later reference the year 2000 population figures for suppression, data years 1979-1998 reference the year 1990 population figures for suppression. Rates are marked as "unreliable" when the death count is less than 20. Crude rates are helpful in determining the need for services for a given population, relative to another population, regardless of size. Crude rates are influenced by the underlying age distribution of the state's population. Even if two states have the same age-adjusted rates, the state with the relatively older population (as demonstrated by having a higher median age) will have higher crude rates because incidence or death rates for most cancers increase with increasing age. The population estimates for the denominators of incidence rates are race-specific (all races, white, black, and other races combined) and sex-specific population estimates. The population estimates are aggregated from the most detailed level selected. For example, if you have requested data for the nation grouped by state and by county, then the populations are the county-level population estimates aggregated to the state and national summaries. See Population Denominator Data Sources below for more information. The population for "Infant age groups" is the number of live births in the given time period. See Mortality for Infants for more information. Prior to August 2006, the number of live births had been substituted for the "under 1 year" age group population estimates. This substitution affected the "under 1 year" and "all ages" death rates slightly, when compared to published tables that rely solely on population estimates. Age-Adjusted Rates Age-adjusted death rates are weighted averages of the age-specific death rates, where the weights represent a fixed population by age. They are used to compare relative mortality risk among groups and over time. An age-adjusted rate represents the rate that would have existed had the age-specific rates of the particular year prevailed in a population whose age distribution was the same as that of the fixed population. Age-adjusted rates should be viewed as relative indexes rather than as direct or actual measures of mortality risk. However, you can select other standard populations, or select specific population criteria to determine the age distribution ratios. See Frequently Asked Questions about Death Rates for more information. The rates of almost all causes of death vary by age. Age adjustment is a technique for "removing" the effects of age from crude rates, so as to allow meaningful comparisons across populations with different underlying age structures. For example, comparing the crude rate of heart disease in Florida to that of California is misleading, because the relatively older population in Florida will lead to a higher crude death rate, even if the age-specific rates of heart disease in Florida and California are the same. For such a comparison, age-adjusted rates are preferable. Age-adjusted rates should be viewed as relative indexes rather than as direct or actual measures of mortality risk. The Compressed Mortality online database and NCHS age-adjusts death rates using the direct method. That is, by applying age-specific death rates (Ri) to the U.S. standard population age distribution. R' = S i ( Psi / Ps ) R i where Psi is the standard population for age group i and Ps is the total U.S. standard population (all ages combined). In the direct method, a standard age distribution is chosen and the age-specific death rates are weighted according to the standard. A reasonable choice for the standard is the U.S. total population (all races, both genders) for the year under study. To permit comparison of death rates from year to year, a standard population is used. Beginning with the 1999 data year, NCHS adopted the year 2000 projected population of the United States as the standard population. This new standard replaces the 1940 standard population that was used by NCHS for over 50 years. The new population standard affects the level of mortality and to some extent trends and group comparisons. Of particular note are the effects on race comparison of mortality. For detailed discussion, see: Anderson RN, Rosenberg HM. Age standardization of death rates: Implementation of the year 2000 standard. National Vital Statistics Reports; vol 47 no 3. Hyattsville, Maryland. National Center for Health Statistics. 1998. Beginning with 2003 data, the traditional standard million population along with corresponding standard weights to six decimal places were replaced by the projected year 2000 population age distribution (see 2000 Standard Population below). A forthcoming report will describe the change in more detail. The effect of the change is negligible and does not significantly affect comparability with age-adjusted rates calculated using the previous method. Age-Adjusted Rates Hints: Age-Adjusted Rates are optional, see Rate Options to select age-adjusted rates. Rates are calculated per 100,000 population by default. See Step 6 to select the factor for rate calculations. Select the precision for rate calculations in the Other Options section. When the rate calculated for a small numerator (incidence count) is zero, you may increase the precision to reveal the rate by showing more numbers to the right of the decimal point. Age-adjusted rates cannot be calculated when the data are grouped by Age Group. Age-adjusted rates are not calculated when only one age group is selected (the effect is a ratio of one). Age-adjusted rates are not available for "Infant age groups" because the populations for these age groups are the number of live births in the given time period, the same population denominator for each infant age group. The selection must include both age groups "5 - 9 years" and "10 - 14 years" in order to calculate age-adjusted rates for this population. The combined age groups are required because the reference standard population has the age group "5 - 14 years." The selection must include both age groups "15 - 20 years" and "20 - 24 years" in order to calculate age-adjusted rates for this population. The combined age groups are required because the reference standard population has the age group "15 - 24 years." Notes: Rates are suppressed for county-level data for deaths occurring after the year 1988, when the death count is less than 6, and the census year county population is less than 100, 000 persons, and the data shown represents fewer than 3 years combined. Data years 1999 and later reference the year 2000 population figures for suppression, data years 1979-1998 reference the year 1990 population figures for suppression. Rates are marked as "unreliable" when the death count is less than 20. If a "non-standard" population is selected for age-adjusted rates, then the actual population estimates for the specified year that are on the Compressed Mortality File are used to determine the specific age-distribution ratios (or weights) used in the calculation. The following standard populations (see tables below) are used for computing age-adjusted rates: year 2000 Standard Population year 2000 Standard Million Population year 1970 Standard Million Population year 1940Standard Million Population Year 2000 Standard Population for the United States       Age Number   All ages 274,633,642   Under 1 year 3,794,901   1-4 years 15,191,619   5-14 years 39,976,619   15-24 years 38,076,743   25-34 years 37,233,437   35-44 years 44,659,185   45-54 years 37,030,152   55-64 years 23,961,506   65-74 years 18,135,514   75-84 years 12,314,793   85 years and over 4,259,173       *  Based on year 2000 projected population. Year 2000 Standard Million Population for the United States Numbers and All Ages Proportions (Weights) *       Age Number Weight   All ages 1,000,000 1.000000   Under 1 year 13,818 0.013818   1-4 years 55,317 0.055317   5-14 years 145,565 0.145565   15-24 years 138,646 0.138646   25-34 years 135,573 0.135573   35-44 years 162,613 0.162613   45-54 years 134,834 0.134834   55-64 years 87,247 0.087247   65-74 years 66,037 0.066037   75-84 years 44,842 0.044842   85 years and over 15,508 0.015508       *  Based on year 2000 projected population. Note that these weights only apply to the all ages population, the weights are calculated dynamically when age groups are selected. Year 1970 Standard Million Population for the United States Numbers and All Ages Proportions (Weights) *       Age Number Weight   All ages 1,000,000 1.000000   Under 1 year 18,102 0.018102   1-4 years 66,314 0.066314   5-14 years 200,508 0.200508   15-24 years 174,406 0.174406   25-34 years 122,569 0.122569   35-44 years 113,614 0.113614   45-54 years 114,265 0.114265   55-64 years 91,480 0.091480   65-74 years 61,195 0.061195   75-84 years 30,112 0.030112   85 years and over 7,435 0.007435       *  Based on the year 1970 population. Note that these weights only apply to the all ages population, the weights are calculated dynamically when age groups are selected. Year 1940 Standard Million Population for the United States Numbers and All Ages Proportions (Weights) *       Age Number Weight   All ages 1,000,000 1.000000   Under 1 year 15,343 0.015343   1-4 years 64,718 0.064718   5-14 years 170,355 0.170355   15-24 years 181,677 0.181677   25-34 years 162,066 0.162166   35-44 years 139,237 0.139237   45-54 years 117,811 0.117811   55-64 years 80,294 0.080294   65-74 years 48,426 0.048426   75-84 years 17,303 0.017303   85 years and over 2,770 0.002770       *  Based on the year 1940 population. Note that these weights only apply to the all ages population, the weights are calculated dynamically when age groups are selected. Step 2. Select location: Select the place and time period of interest: Location:   the 50 United States by Region, Division, State, County Location Data are available for the United States by Region, Division, State, County. Select the location(s) for the query. Any number of locations can be specified here. How? Click a round button to switch between the State and County list or the Region and Division list. See How do I use a Finder? for more information. See Finder Tool help for more hints. Hints: The default is all values (the United States). The Advanced mode let you easily pick several items from different parts of the list. Items are not selected until you click the "Move" button in Advanced mode. You may also enter values by hand, one code per line, in the Advanced mode. Use the Finder to see the correct code format. For example, 02 is the Alaska state code. The "plus" symbol, "+" indicates that you can open the item, to see more items below it. The results to a search are shown in blue, and indicated by ">". Region Regions are multi-state groups. For regional data, you can group by Region, or you can select any combination of individual regions. How?   See Location above for instructions. See also Group Results By in Step 1. Notes:   Region is based on the person's legal state of residence at the time of death. The Regions are identified by both name and codes in data extracts. The United States is split into 4 regions: Northeast, Midwest, South and West. The states that comprise each region are shown below. State abbreviation and name FIPS code ________________________________________ Northeast Region: CT Connecticut 09 ME Maine 23 MA Massachusetts 25 NH New Hampshire 33 NJ New Jersey 34 NY New York 36 PA Pennsylvania 42 RI Rhode Island 44 VT Vermont 50 ________________________________________ Midwest Region: IL Illinois 17 IN Indiana 18 IA Iowa 19 KS Kansas 20 MI Michigan 26 MN Minnesota 27 MO Missouri 29 NE Nebraska 31 ND North Dakota 38 OH Ohio 39 SD South Dakota 46 WI Wisconsin 55 ________________________________________ South Region: AL Alabama 01 AR Arkansas 05 DE Delaware 10 DC District of Columbia 11 FL Florida 12 GA Georgia 13 KY Kentucky 21 LA Louisiana 22 MD Maryland 24 MS Mississippi 28 NC North Carolina 37 OK Oklahoma 40 SC South Carolina 45 TN Tennessee 47 TX Texas 48 VA Virginia 51 WV West Virginia 54 ________________________________________ West Region: AK Alaska 02 AZ Arizona 04 CA California 06 CO Colorado 08 HI Hawaii 15 ID Idaho 16 MT Montana 30 NV Nevada 32 NM New Mexico 35 OR Oregon 41 UT Utah 49 WA Washington 53 WY Wyoming 56 ________________________________________ Division Divisions are multi-state groups, sub-sets of Regions. For division-level data, you can group by Division, or select any combination of individual divisions. How?   See Location above for instructions. See also Group Results By in Step 1. Notes:   Division is based on the person's legal state of residence at the time of death. The divisions are identified by both name and codes in data extracts. To see all of the states in each division, group the data by Division and by State. The United States is split into 9 divisions by the Census Bureau: Division 1: New England, (CENS-D1) Division 2: Middle Atlantic, (CENS-D2) Division 3: East North Central, (CENS-D3) Division 4: West North Central, (CENS-D4) Division 5: South Atlantic, (CENS-D5) Division 6: East South Central, (CENS-D6) Division 7: West South Central, (CENS-D7) Division 8: Mountain, (CENS-D8) Division 9: Pacific, (CENS-D9) The states that comprise each division are shown below. State FIPS Code Division 1: New England, (CENS-D1) Connecticut 09 Maine 23 Massachusetts 25 New Hampshire 33 Rhode Island 44 Vermont 50 Division 2: Middle Atlantic, (CENS-D2) New Jersey 34 New York 36 Division 3: East North Central, (CENS-D3) Illinois 17 Indiana 18 Michigan 26 Ohio 39 Wisconsin 55 Division 4: West North Central, (CENS-D4) Iowa 19 Kansas 20 Minnesota 27 Missouri 29 Nebraska 31 North Dakota 38 South Dakota 46 Division 5: South Atlantic (CENS-D5) Delaware 10 District of Columbia 11 Florida 12 Georgia 13 Maryland 24 North Carolina 37 South Carolina 45 Virginia 51 West Virginia 54 Division 6: East South Central (CENS-D6) Alabama 01 Kentucky 21 Mississippi 28 Tennessee 47 Division 7: West South Central (CENS-D7) Arkansas 05 Louisiana 22 Oklahoma 40 Texas 48 Division 8: Mountain (CENS-D8) Arizona 04 Colorado 08 Idaho 16 Montana 30 Nevada 32 New Mexico 35 Utah 49 Wyoming 56 Division 9: Pacific (CENS-D9) Alaska 02 California 06 Hawaii 15 Oregon 41 Washington 53 State For state level data, you can select any combination of individual states. Or group by State and leave the Location Finder selection at the default (all locations or the 50 United States and the District of Columbia). How?   See Location above for instructions. See also Group Results By in Step 1. Notes:   The state coded represents the person's place of legal residence at the time of death. The states and the District of Columbia are identified by both state name and Standard Federal Information Processing (FIPS) codes in data extracts. See About FIPS Codes below. County County-level data are available for the United States and the District of Columbia. For county level data, you can select any combination of individual counties, or group by County. Leave the Location Finder selection at the default (all locations or the 50 United States and the District of Columbia). How?   See Location above for instructions. See also Group Results By in Step 1. Notes:   The county coded represents the person's place of legal residence at the time of death. The counties and the District of Columbia are identified by both county name and Standard Federal Information Processing (FIPS) codes in data extracts. About FIPS Codes:   The FIPS State and county codes were established by the National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce in 1968. This standard set of codes provides names and codes for counties and county equivalents of the 50 States of the United States and the District of Columbia. Counties are considered to be the "first order subdivisions" of each State, regardless of their local designation (county, parish, borough, census area). Washington, D.C.; the consolidated government of Columbus City, Georgia; the independent cities of the States of Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia; and the census areas and boroughs of Alaska are identified as county equivalents. The system is standard throughout the Federal Government. The State codes are ascending, two-digit numbers; the county codes are ascending three-digit numbers. For both the State and county codes, space has been left for new States or counties. Some changes in the FIPS codes have occurred since 1968. See Location Updates for information on how these changes affect the Compressed Mortality data. About County Changes:   Comparable total deaths and death rates may be misleading for counties with changing boundaries. See Location Updates for information on how these changes affect the Compressed Mortality data. Due to boundary changes, data are available for some counties for a limited period of time. The following county-level constraints apply to the 1999-2005 Compressed Mortality data: Alaska: Denali, Alaska (FIPS code 02068) only has data for year 2003 and later. Counts and rates shown in multi-year requests show only two years of data for this entity. Yukon-Koyukuk, Alaska (FIPS code 02290) - change in deaths and population counts between 2002 - 2003. Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for a former part of Yukon-Koyukuk are reported for Denali Borough and are no longer included with data for Yukon-Koyukuk. Colorado: Adams, Colorado (FIPS code 08001) - change in deaths and population counts between 2002 - 2003. Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for a former part of Adams county are reported for Broomfield county, and are no longer included with data for Adams county. Boulder, Colorado (FIPS code 08003) - change in deaths and population counts between 2002 - 2003. Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for a former part of Boulder county are reported for Broomfield county, and are no longer included with data for Boulder county. Broomfield, Colorado (FIPS code 08014) only has data for year 2003 and later. Counts and rates shown in multi-year requests show only two years of data for this entity. Jefferson, Colorado (FIPS code 08059) - change in deaths and population counts between 2002 - 2003. Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for a former part of Jefferson county are reported for Broomfield county, and are no longer included with data for Jefferson county. Weld, Colorado (FIPS code 080123) - change in deaths and population counts between 2002 - 2003. Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for a former part of Weld county are reported for Broomfield county, and are no longer included with data for Weld county. Virginia: Alleghany, Virginia (FIPS code 51005) - change in deaths and population counts between 2000 - 2001. Beginning in 2001, deaths and population counts for death counts and population estimates for Clifton Forge city, Virginia have been combined with Alleghany county. Clifton Forge city, Virginia (FIPS code 51560) has data for years 1999 - 2000 only. Counts and rates shown in multi-year requests show only two years of data for this entity. The following county-level constraints apply to the 1979-1998 Compressed Mortality data: Alaska: Aleutians East borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02013) has data for years 1994 - 1998. Aleutian Islands census area, Alaska (FIPS code 02010) has data for years 1989 - 1993 Aleutians West census area, Alaska (FIPS code 02016) has data for years 1994 - 1998. Dillingham census area, Alaska (FIPS code 02070) has data for years 1989 - 1998. Lake and Peninsula census area, Alaska (FIPS code 02164) has data for years 1994 - 1998. Northwest Arctic borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02188) has data for years 1989 - 1998. Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon census area, Alaska (FIPS code 02232) has data for years 1994 - 1998. Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon census area, Alaska (FIPS code 02231) has data for years 1989 - 1993. Yakutat borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02282) has data for the years 1994 - 1998. Arizona: La Paz county, Arizona (FIPS code 04012) has data for the years 1994 - 1998. Georgia: Unknown county, Georgia (code 13999) has deaths for the years 1988 - 1991 Montana: Yellowstone Park, Montana (FIPS code 30113) has data for years 1979-1988 for CMF 1979-1998, and data for 1979-1998 for the CMF 1979-1998 Archive data. New Mexico: Cibola county, New Mexico (FIPS code 35006) has data for years 1989 - 1998. Virginia: South Boston city, Virginia (FIPS code 51780) has data for the years 1979 - 1988 for CMF 1979-1998; and data for 1979 - 1994 for the 1979-1998 CMF Archive data. Step 3. Select years and demographics: Limit your data for any of the following data elements: Age Group Year - 1999-2005 Gender - All, Female, Male Race - All, Black / African American, Other Races Combined, White Urbanization - classifies population density and other factors; available in CMF 1999-2003 only Age Groups Select All Ages or any combination of the individual age groups. Click the radio button to show the list that includes separate age groups for infants under one year of age. How?   See How do I use a radio button?. See How do I select items from the list box?. Notes:   Note that the population for the infant age groups is the number of live births in the given time period. Thus each infant age group shows the total number of live births in that period of years. For more information about infant age groups, see Mortality for Infants . The population for the other age groups is the population estimate for each age group in the given time period. The population estimates for each year are summed together. For example, if data is requested for the age group "15 - 19 years" in the years 2000-2001, then the population estimate for this age group in the year 2000 is added to the population estimate for this age group in the year 2001. The combined population estimates for the time period are the denominator for the death rates. Prior to August 2006, the number of live births had been substituted for the "under 1 year" age group population estimates. reference Age-Adjusted Rates for a discussion on the use of age-groups in calculating age-adjusted rates. Note that some of the age groups available in the data are not available in the standard population tables used to calculate age-adjusted rates. Also, age-adjusted rates are not available for infant age groups. The age groups are identified by two columns, labels and codes, in data extracts. The following age groups are available: Infant age groups (live births): under 1 day 1 - 6 days 7 - 27 days 28 - 364 days - or- Age groups (population estimates): under 1 year 1 - 4 years 5 - 9 years 10 - 14 years 15 - 19 years 20 - 24 years 25 - 34 years 35 - 44 years 45 - 54 years 55 - 64 years 65 - 74 years 75 - 84 years 85 years and over Year Pick any combination of years desired. Data are available for 1999 - 2005 in the Compressed Mortality online database with ICD 10 codes. Data are available for 1979 - 1998 in the Compressed Mortality online database with ICD 9 codes. The archive databases only contain through the final year available at the time of the release. How?   See How do I select items from the list box?. Gender Select All Genders or any combination of values: female, male. How?   See How do I select items from the list box?. Note:   The genders are identified by two columns, labels and codes, in data extracts. Race Select All Races or any combination of values: Black / African American, Other Races Combined, White. How?   See How do I select items from the list box?. Notes:   See Race and Ethnicity Questions for more information about the issues of race categories and ethnicity in the data. The Race categories are identified by two columns, labels and codes, in data extracts. Urbanization Select All Categories or any combination of values: Large Central Metro, Large Fringe Metro, Medium Metro, Small Metro, Micropolitan (non-metro), NonCore (non-metro). Each county is classified as one of six categories. Each death is associated with a category based on the county of the person's legal residence. How?   See How do I select items from the list box?. Notes:   See the 2006 NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties web page for more information about the Urbanization categories assigned to counties. See NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme Methodology to understand how the classification scheme was developed. The Urbanization categories are identified by two columns, labels and codes, in data extracts. Step 4. Select cause of death: Select the International Classification of Disease (ICD) categories that represent the underlying cause of death from the death certificate. Any number of causes can be specified here. However, you can only request data from one of the lists, for the ICD codes (organized by chapter), or the groups of selected causes of death. Be sure the radio button for ICD Codes or ICD Groups is set to your choice. The ICD system is organized by chapters, sub-chapters and codes. How?   Click the Radio Button to the left of the box, to pick your preferred list. Select one or more items from the list to limit your data. The default value for any list is all causes of death. See How do use a Finder? to learn more about search options, expanding or collapsing selected items, and displaying details for selected items in the Finder. The "plus" symbol, "+" indicates that you can open the item, to see more items below it. The results to a search are shown in blue, and indicated by ">". The Advanced mode let you easily pick several items from different parts of the list. Items are not selected until you click the "Move" button in Advanced mode. You may also enter values by hand, one code per line, in the Advanced mode. Use the Finder to see the correct code format. For example, "I20-I25" is the ICD-10 code for ischaemic heart diseases, and "GR113-059" is the Selected Causes of Death ICD-10 Group code for acute myocardial infarction. See Finder Tool help for more hints. Hints:   Only those ICD codes that are used to classify causes of death in the Compressed Mortality data are available in the Finder. Deaths in the years 1999 and later are coded to the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). There are 113 selected causes of death groups for the ICD-10 codes. Deaths in the years 1979 - 1998 are coded to the ninth revision of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9). There are 72 selected causes of death groups for the ICD-9 codes. When you select a code, remember that some deaths are coded to the 3 length code, and not the more detailed designation. Thus some deaths may be excluded from your data selection if your criteria are limited to only 4 length codes. For example, the ICD-9 code 412 is the correct specification; 412.0 will not pick up deaths coded 412. The causes of death are identified by two columns, labels and codes, in data extracts. Notes:   About the International Classification of Diseases: The mortality data on the CMF are compiled in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) regulations, which specify that member nations classify and code causes of death in accordance with the current revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). The International Classification of Diseases is developed collaboratively between the World Health Organization (WHO) and 10 international centers, for purposes of ensuring that medical terms reported on death certificates are internationally comparable and lend themselves to statistical analysis. The ICD has been revised approximately every 10 years since 1900 in order to reflect changes in understanding of disease mechanisms and in disease terminology. About the 9th and 10th ICD revisions: During the years 1979-1998, the United States used the Ninth Revision of the ICD (ICD-9) to code causes of death. Effective with deaths occurring in 1999, the United States began using the Tenth Revision of this classification, (ICD-10). The ICD-9 and ICD-10 classification systems are quite different. The ICD-9 system has a 4-digit numeric structure and about 5,000 categories for classifying cause-of-death. The ICD-10 system has a 4-digit alphanumeric coding structure and about 8,000 categories for classifying cause-of-death. Comparison of ICD-9 and ICD-10 shows that new chapters have been added to the ICD, old chapters have been rearranged, causes of death have been regrouped, and titles have changed. The differences between ICD-9 and ICD-10 make direct comparisons of cause-of-death difficult and result in discontinuities in cause-of-death trends. NCHS has conducted a comparability study to measure the discontinuities between the Ninth and Tenth Revisions and comparability ratios for major causes of death have been computed. Based on this work, comparability ratios have been calculated for selected causes. For further information please reference NCHS publications on Comparability of Cause-of-Death Between ICD Revisions. See also ICD 10th revision notes and ICD 9th revision notes. ICD-10 Codes Limit the data to any number of causes of death, for selected chapters, sub-chapters or codes. How?   See Step 4. Select cause of death above. Check the Hints section. Notes:   The International Classification of Disease (ICD) 10th revision is used to represent the underlying cause of death for the years 1999 and later. The ICD system is organized by chapters, sub-chapters and codes. ICD-10 uses a 4-length alphanumeric coding scheme. Each of the 21 chapters in ICD-10 is classified to a letter or letters of the alphabet. Infectious disease codes in Chapter 1, for example, begin with an "A" or "B". Thus, Acute poliomyelitis is associated with the codes A80.0-A80.9 and Viral hepatitis is classified as B15.0-B19.9. The ICD 10 system begins codes with a letter from the alphabet, followed by two numerals, then a decimal point to indicate subordinate position, and then more numerals. Some causes of death in Compressed Mortality are represented by 3 length codes, although most causes of death are represented by 4 length codes (format A12.3). Greater detail than 4 length codes are not included in the Compressed Mortality data. About deaths due to acts of terrorism:   Beginning with data for 2001, NCHS introduced categories *U01-*U03 for classifying and coding deaths due to acts of terrorism. The asterisks before the category codes indicate that they are not part of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). Description of the specific 4-digit codes can be found at NCHS Classifications of Diseases, Functioning and Disability: Appendix I. Deaths classified to the terrorism categories are included in the categories for Assault (homicide) and Intentional self-harm (suicide) in the 113 cause-of-death list. Additional information on these new categories can be found at NCHS Classifications of Diseases, Functioning and Disability: Classification of Death and Injury Resulting from Terrorism. Terrorism related deaths in this data do not represent a final count of deaths resulting from the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, as this figure had not been determined. As of October 24, 2002, death certificates were issued for 2,957 of the estimated 3,028 individuals believed to have died as a result of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Of these, four were issued for terrorists and are classified as suicides. The criteria for issuing a death certificate for those believed to have died in the attacks differed by state, reflecting differences in state laws regarding death certification. Pennsylvania issued a death certificate for every individual, including the terrorists. Death certificates were not issued for any of the terrorists in Virginia or New York City. Virginia issued a death certificate only for those victims whose remains were identified. New York City issued a death certificate for those whose remains were identified or, if remains were not recovered, for those whose families applied for a death certificate. For more detailed information regarding New York City's processing of these deaths, see Deaths in World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks---New York City, 2001. ICD-9 Codes Limit the data to any number of causes of death, for selected chapters, sub-chapters or codes. How?   See Step 4. Select cause of death above. Notes:   The International Classification of Disease (ICD) 9th revision is used to represent the underlying cause of death for the years 1979 - 1998. The ICD system is organized by chapters, sub-chapters and codes. For a further description of the ICD-9 codes see Volume II of the annual mortality volumes produced by the NCHS, such as Vital Statistics of the United States, 1988, Volume II-Mortality. About Deaths due to Injuries and Poisoning in ICD-9: For deaths due to injuries and poisonings that occurred during 1979-1998, the external cause is coded (E800-E999) rather than the Nature of Injury (800-999). The letter "E" is not included in the ICD-9 code in the CMF. ICD-10 113 Groups Limit the data to any number of groups of selected causes of death. How?   See Step 4. Select cause of death above. Notes:   Deaths in the years 1999 and later are coded to the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). There are 113 selected causes of death groups for the ICD-10 codes. NCHS has defined selected causes of death groups for analysis of mortality data: the "72 Selected Causes of Death" for ICD-9 codes and years 1979-1998, and the "113 Selected Causes of Death" for ICD-10 codes and years 1999 and later. The group code values are not actual ICD codes published in the International Classification of Diseases, but are "recodes" defined to support analysis by the Selected Causes of Death groups. Group the data by "ICD-10 113 Groups" and also by "Cause of Death" to see the individual ICD codes included in each category. Note that the ICD-10 113 groups have been adapted for the Injury Mechanisms categories. Some groups have been combined to make for inclusive categories, such as Motor Vehicle Traffic, Heart Disease and Tuberculosis. You may find it easier to select these broader categories of causes of death from the list under Injury Mechanism & All Other Leading Causes. ICD-9 72 Groups Limit the data to any number of groups of selected causes of death. How?   See Step 4. Select cause of death above. Notes:   Deaths in the years 1979 - 1998 are coded to the ninth revision of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9). There are 72 selected causes of death groups for the ICD-9 codes. NCHS has defined selected causes of death groups for analysis of mortality data: the "72 Selected Causes of Death" for ICD-9 codes and years 1979-1998, and the "113 Selected Causes of Death" for ICD-10 codes and years 1999 and later. The group code values are not actual ICD codes published in the International Classification of Diseases, but are "recodes" defined to support analysis by the Selected Causes of Death groups. Group the data by "ICD-9 72 Groups" and also by "Cause of Death" to see the individual ICD codes included in each category. Step 5. Select injury intent and mechanism Limit your data for any of the following data elements: Injury Intent Injury Mechanism & All Other Leading Causes About the External Cause of Injury Mortality Matrix: For the analysis of injury mortality data, all causes of death have been classified by intent and by mechanism. The causes of death that are not related to injuries have been categorized as non-injuries, and are categorized in keeping with the 113 selected causes of death groups for ICD-10. The groups of injury mechanisms are different from those based on the "113 Selected Causes of Death" for ICD-10 codes. The groupings are based on the External Cause of Injury Mortality Matrix. In addition, some non-injury groups have been combined to make for broader categories, such as Heart Disease and Tuberculosis. For more information, see:   External Cause of Injury Mortality Matrix. Injury Intent Limit the data to any number of categories. How?   Use Ctrl + Click for multiple selections, or Shift + Click for a range. Notes:   Group the data by "Injury Intent" and also by "Cause of Death" to see the individual ICD codes included in each category. Refer to External Cause of Injury Mortality Matrix for more information. Injury Mechanism & All Other Leading Causes Limit the data to any number of groups of selected causes of death. How?   Use Ctrl + Click for multiple selections, or Shift + Click for a range. Notes:   Group the data by "Injury Mechanism" and also by "Cause of Death" to see the individual ICD codes included in each category. NCHS has defined selected causes of death groups for analysis of injury mortality data. The groups of injury mechanisms are different from those based on the "113 Selected Causes of Death" for ICD-10 codes. The groupings are based on the External Cause of Injury Mortality Matrix. In addition, some non-injury groups have been combined to make for broader categories, such as Heart Disease and Tuberculosis. Refer to External Cause of Injury Mortality Matrix for more information. In order to allow analysis of Injury Mortality across a larger span of years, the ICD-9 codes that classify the underlying cause of death for years 1979 - 1998 have been categorized to be compatible with the ICD-10 External Cause of Mortality Matrix. The categories in WONDER differ slightly from the original ICD-9 External Cause of Mortality Matrix, as follows: ICD-9 Codes and Updated Injury Mechanism Categories ICD-9 Code Values Categories in the original ICD-9 External Cause Mortality Matrix Categories compatible with the ICD-10 External Cause of Mortality Matrix E990 Other specified and classifiable, legal intervention Fire or hot object or substance, legal intervention E800 -  E807(.0,.1,.8,.9),     E820 - E825(.0 - .5,.8,.9), E826(.2 - .8), E827 - E829(.2 - .9) Transport, other, unintentional Other land transport, unintentional E846 Other specified and classifiable, unintentional Other land transport, unintentional E958.5 Motor Vehicle Traffic, suicide Other land transport, suicide E988.5 Motor Vehicle Traffic, undetermined Other land transport, undetermined E830 - E832 Drowning, Unintentional Other transport, unintentional E847 - E848 Other specified and classifiable, unintentional Other transport, unintentional E994 Other specified and classifiable, legal intervention Other transport, legal intervention E958(.3) Natural or environmental, suicide Other specified classifiable, suicide E958(.6) Transport, other, suicide Other specified, not elsewhere classified, suicide E988(.3) Natural or environmental, undetermined Other specified classifiable, undetermined E988(.6) Transport, other, undetermined Other specified, not elsewhere classified, undetermined Step 6. Select rate options: Calculate Rates Per   Select the factor (multiplier) for your rates. By default, all ages rates are calculated per 100,000 persons, and rates limited to infant age groups are calculated per 1,000 persons. How? See How do I select items from the list box? Include age-adjusted rates?   Crude rates are reported by default. Indicate that you wish to calculate age-adjusted rates by clicking the preferred radio button. Then choose the standard population to use for the ratios in the calculation. For more information, see: Age-Adjusted Rates and Frequently Asked Questions about Death Rates. How? See How do I use a radio button? Notes: Group your data by any variable, except for Age Groups. You are prevented from grouping the data by age groups when requesting age-adjusted rates for Compressed Mortality data, because any single age group alone yields a corresponding weight of 1. Likewise, you must select more than 1 age group when requesting age-adjusted rates for Compressed Mortality data. Deaths coded to the "unknown" age groups do not yield a proportional weight, as there is no corresponding population value. Select the combined age group for all persons less than 1 year of age. Age-adjusted rates are not available for deaths codes to the specific Infant Age Groups, because the representative population value for each infant age group is the (same) number of live births in selected time period. Populations for Age-Adjusted Rates   If you picked standard age-adjusted rates, then the list of possible standard populations used to calculate these age-adjusted rates is shown. See Age-Adjusted Rates for more information. How? See How do I select items from the list box? Note: The standard populations do not include representations of all age groups included in the Compressed Mortality data. Your request criteria must combine data for the following ranges of ages: "5 - 14 years" combined and "15 - 24 years" combined. Non-standard Age-Adjusted Rates   If you picked non-standard age-adjusted rates, then options for selecting possible actual population criteria are shown. The actual population values in the Compressed Mortality File for the specified year, race and location selections provide the age-specific proportional weights that calculate these age-adjusted rates. See Frequently Asked Questions about Death Rates for more information. How? See How do I select items from the list box? Type the desired Location code value into the box, one code per line. Or leave the box empty for the entire US (national population). Any Region, division, state or county code shown in the Finder at Step 2 is valid. Note: If the same population is picked for your query criteria and your non-standard age-adjusted rate calculations, then the crude rates and age-adjusted rates are identical for those data rows that represent the non-standard population denominator. Step 7. Other options: Export Results   If checked query results are exported to a local file. More information on how to import this file into other applications can be found here. How? See How do I use a checkbox? Show Totals   If checked totals and sub-totals will appear in the results table. How? See How do I use a checkbox? Show Zero Values   If checked rows containing zero counts will appear in the results table. If unchecked, zero count rows are suppressed. How? See How do I use a checkbox? Precision   Select the precision for rate calculations. When the rate calculated for a small numerator (incidence count) is zero, you may increase the precision to reveal the rate by showing more numbers to the right of the decimal point. How? See How do I select items from the list box? Data Access Timeout   This value specifies the maximum time to wait for the data access for a query to complete. If the data access takes too long to complete, a message will be displayed and you can increase the timeout or simplify your request. If you can't complete a request using the maximum timeout, contact user support and we will try to run a custom data request for you. How? See How do I select items from the list box? Data Source Information Mortality Data Sources The Compressed Mortality File is produced by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Office of Analysis and Epidemiology (OAE) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mortality information is collected by state registries and provided to the National Vital Statistics System. Underlying cause of death and demographic descriptors are indicated on the death certificates. To learn more about the methods and source of these data please reference: National Center for Health Statistics: (NCHS) Compressed Mortality web site National Vital Statistics System: Mortality web site See also Data Source Citations Population Denominator Data Sources The population estimates on the CMF are based on Bureau of the Census estimates of total U.S., State, and county resident populations. The 1968 and 1969 State and county population estimates were calculated by NCHS using linear extrapolation. The 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 population estimates are April 1 modified census counts. The estimates for 1971-79, 1981-89, and 1991-99 are intercensal estimates of July 1 resident populations. The 2001 and later estimates are postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. Note that the estimates for 1991 and later are based on bridged-race categories. The population estimates on the CMF are by geographic unit (total United States, State, and county), year, race (white, black, other races), sex, and age group (13 age groups). To permit the calculation of infant mortality rates, NCHS live-birth data are included on the file. For more information on the population estimates, see: Compressed Mortality File: Population Data Compressed Mortality File: Population Revisions Compressed Mortality File: About the 1990-based Postcensal Population Data Additional Information Suggested Data Source Citations United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Office of Analysis and Epidemiology(OAE), Compressed Mortality File (CMF) on CDC WONDER On-line Database. The current release for years 1999 - 2005 is compiled from: CMF 1999-2005, Series 20 No. 2K, 2008 The current release for years 1979 - 1998 is compiled from: CMF 1968-1988, Series 20, No. 2A, 2000 and CMF 1989-1998, Series 20, No. 2E, 2003 The current release for years 1999 - 2004 is compiled from: CMF 1999-2004, Series 20 No. 2J, 2007 The archive release for years 1999 - 2003 is compiled from: CMF 1999-2003, Series 20, No. 2I, 2006 The archive release for years 1999- 2002 is compiled from: CMF 1999-2002, Series 20, No. 2H, 2004 The archive release with data for years 1999 - 2001 is compiled from: CMF 1999-2001, Series 20, No. 2G, 2004 The archive release with data for years 1979 - 1999 is compiled from: CMF 1968-1988, Series 20, No. 2A, 2000 and CMF 1989-2000, Series 20, No. 2C 2001 The suggested citation including the original series for the data is shown below each table, chart or map. For more information on archive data from previous releases, see Mortality Archives. Note:  The 1989 data records for age groups 10-14 years and 25-34 years were revised on May 9, 2007 due to a data discrepancy in CMF 1989-1998, Series 20, No. 2E, 2003. Previously, 27 deaths in the 10-14 year age group were incorrectly recorded as deaths in the 25-34 age group. Contact For data questions that are not addressed in this document, e-mail nchsquery@cdc.gov. Other Issues: Reference the following topics: Frequently Asked Questions about Death Rates Mortality Data Infant Mortality Population Estimates Age Adjustment of Death Rates Assurance of Confidentiality International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ICD 10th revision ICD 9th revision Locations: About County Level Changes Mortality Archives Contact for Data Questions Suggested Citation Population Estimates on the Compressed Mortality File Reference the following topics to learn more about population denominators for rate calculation: Population Information for the Current Release 1979 Population Estimates 1980 Population Estimates 1981- 1989 Population Estimates 1990 Population Estimates 1991-1999 Population Estimates 2000 Population Estimates 2001- 2005 Population Estimates Compressed Mortality File Archives: Population Revisions Compressed Mortality File Archives: About the 1990-based Postcensal Population Data Population Information for the Current Release The population data on the CMF are derived from U.S. Census Bureau files. The population estimates for the Census years: 1980, 1990, and 2000, are April 1, modified census counts. The population estimates for the non-Census years: 1979, 1981-89, and 1991-99, are intercensal estimates of the July 1, resident population. The population estimates for the years 2001 and later are postcensal estimates of the July 1, resident population. The following modifications of the Census population estimates were made by NCHS for CMF: To permit the calculation of infant mortality rates, NCHS live-birth data are included for "Infant age Groups." The race code for these records is derived from "race of mother". When the age group 1-4 years did not appear on the Census file, the age group 0-4 years was multiplied by 0.8 to obtain an estimate of the population 1-4 years. For the years 1988 through 1991, there was an additional county in Georgia with a "missing" county code of "999". This county was assigned a population count of zero. Specific Details 1979 Population Estimates National and county estimates are U.S. Census Bureau intercensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. The Census Bureau did not produce state population estimates by age, race, and sex for the 1970s. Therefore, the state population estimates for 1979 are simply the sum of population estimates of the counties in each state. For 1979, the Census Bureau produced a national series of estimates and a county series of estimates. While these series are consistent with each other, the sum of the population estimates for all counties may not equal the national population estimates. This is due to rounding error that results because fractional estimates are not allowed. The Census Bureau recommends that national population estimates be used to calculate national death rates and county population estimates be used to calculate county death rates. CDC WONDER does this automatically. For 1979, NCHS used national population estimates rounded to the nearest thousand to calculate published death rates. The population estimate used by NCHS to calculate the death rate of an aggregate group (e.g. aggregated across race, gender, or age) was obtained by summing unrounded population estimates for each group in the aggregate and then rounded to the nearest 1,000. Unfortunately, the national population estimates available for use in the CMF for 1979 are all prerounded to the nearest 1,0000. This means that the population estimates for aggregate groups are obtained by summing rounded population estimates, rather than by summing unrounded population estimates and then rounding. As a result, for 1979, some rounding error may result when aggregating across race, gender, or age groups as summing rounded numbers may result in a different total than summing unrounded numbers and then rounding. Three Virginia independent cities (Manassas, Manassas Park, and Poquoson) did not appear on the Census file. Therefore, the 1979 populations for these three cities were estimated from the July 1, 1980 and July 1, 1981 estimates of these cities. The 1979 population estimates for the counties containing the cities were reduced by the estimated city populations. 1980 Population Estimates National, state, and county population estimates are from a modified version of the April 1, 1980 census The national and state estimates are the sum of the county population counts. The original census counts were modified by the U.S. Census Bureau so that persons who reported their race as "other" (the majority of these persons being of Hispanic ethnicity) were reassigned to one of the four single-race groups specified in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1977 Standards on Race and Ethnicity: White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander. For 1980, NCHS used unrounded population estimates to calculate national death rates. Therefore, on the CMF, the national population estimates used in rate calculation and displayed are unrounded. April 1, 1980 population estimates for three Virginia independent cities, (Manassas, Manassas Park, and Poquoson) had to be extrapolated from July 1, 1980 estimates. The April 1 populations for the three cities were calculated as a proportion of the April 1 county population, where the proportion was calculated from the July 1, 1980 estimates. The April 1 population estimates for the counties containing the three cities were reduced by the cities estimated April 1 populations. 1981-89 Population Estimates National, state, and county estimates are U.S. Census Bureau intercensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. For 1981-89, the U.S. Census Bureau has separate series of estimates for each geographic level of estimates (i.e. national, state, and county). While these series are consistent with each other, the sum of the population estimates of counties within a state may not equal the state population estimate, and the sum of all state population estimates or all county population estimates may not equal the national population estimates. This is due to rounding error that results because fractional estimates are not allowed. The Census Bureau recommends that national population estimates be used to calculate national death rates, state population estimates be used to calculate state death rates, and county population estimates be used to calculate county death rates. CDC WONDER does this automatically. For 1981-89, NCHS used national population estimates rounded to the nearest thousand to calculate published death rates. The population estimate used by NCHS to calculate the death rate of an aggregate group (e.g. aggregated across race, gender, or age) was obtained by summing unrounded population estimates for each group in the aggregate and then rounding to the nearest 1,000. This is also done on the CMF in CDC WONDER, and thus, for these years, national death rates calculated on CDC WONDER agree with those published by NCHS. 1990 Population Estimates National, state, and county population estimates are from the April 1, 1990 age-race-sex modified census counts (national and state estimates are the sum of the county census counts). The original census counts were modified by the U.S. Census Bureau: To correct the bias in reported age -- about 10 percent of persons were actually a year younger as of April 1 than reported; To assign persons who reported their race as "other" to one of the four single-race groups specified in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1977 Standards on Race and Ethnicity: White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander. For 1990, NCHS used unrounded population estimates to calculate national death rates. Therefore, on the CMF, the national population estimates used in rate calculation and displayed are unrounded. 1991- 1999 Population Estimates As of September 2003, National, state, and county population estimates are U.S. Census Bureau bridged-race intercensal estimates of the July 1, resident population, based on the 1990 census and the bridged-race 2000 census. Derivation of the race-specific intercensal population estimates for the 1990s was complicated by the incomparability of the race data on the 1990 and 2000 censuses. Before the intercensal estimates for the 1990s could be derived, the race groups on the 2000 census had to be made consistent with ("bridged to") the race groups on the 1990 census. Race data on the 2000 Census were collected in accordance with the 1997 Office of Management and Budget's standards on race and ethnicity. The 1997 standards specify 5 single-race categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White) and permit the reporting of more than one race. As a result, there were 31 race groups on the 2000 census (5 single-race groups and 26 multiple-race groups). NCHS, in collaboration with the Census Bureau, developed methodology for bridging the multiple-race groups to single-race categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, and White). The 1990 census race groups are White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander. The national and state estimates are the sum of the bridged-race county estimates. Prior to September 2003, the population estimates on the CMF for the years 1991-1999 were postcensal estimates based on the 1990 census. Refer to Population Revisions and Description of the 1990-based Postcensal Population Data for more information. 2000 Population Estimates National, state, and county population estimates are from the U.S. Census Bureau April 1, bridged modified race 2000 Census counts. The original census counts were modified by the U.S. Census Bureau to assign persons who reported their race as "other " to one of the 31 single or multiple-race groups specified in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1997 Standards on Race and Ethnicity. The resulting counts were then bridged to (made consistent with) the four single-race categories on the 1990 Census (White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander). 2001 - 2005 Population Estimates The population estimates for 2001 and later are July 1 resident population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau's bridged-race postcensal series. The bridged-race population files have estimates for the four single-race categories (White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander). For the current release of the 1999-2005 data, the national population figures for 2001 and beyond are bridged-race postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population from the corresponding postcensal series: 2001 from the Vintage 2001 series, 2002 from the Vintage 2002 series, 2003 from the Vintage 2003 series, 2004 from the Vintage 2004 series, and 2005 from the Vintage 2005 series. The region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates of the Vintage 2006 series, so the region, division, state and county estimates are consistent with each other. Notes: On the archive CMF 1999-2004 on-line database (published 2007): The region, division, state and county 2001-2004 populations estimates are from the 2005 series of the U.S. Census Bureau's bridged-race postcensal series. Region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates of the Vintage 2005 series. The national population figures for 2001 and beyond are bridged-race postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population from the corresponding postcensal series: 2001 from the Vintage 2001 series, 2002 from the Vintage 2002 series, 2003 from the Vintage 2003 series, and 2004 from the Vintage 2004 series. Population figures for 2000 are bridged-race April 1 census counts. Population figures for 1999 are bridged-race intercensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. On the archive CMF 1999-2003 on-line database (published 2006): The region, division, state and county 2001-2003 populations estimates are from the 2004 series of the U.S. Census Bureau's bridged-race postcensal series. Region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates of the Vintage 2004 series. The national population figures for 2001 and beyond are bridged-race postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population from the corresponding postcensal series: 2001 from the Vintage 2001 series, 2002 from the Vintage 2002 series, and 2003 from the Vintage 2003 series. Population figures for 2000 are bridged-race April 1 census counts. Population figures for 1999 are bridged-race intercensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. See Mortality Archives for more information. If you have additional questions about the population estimates, please see U.S. Census Populations With Bridged Race Categories (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/dvs/popbridge/popbridge.htm) or contact PopEst@cdc.gov. Revised Population Estimates In September 2003, all of the population estimates for 1991-1999 were revised. In March 2005, data for 2002 was added to the CMF WONDER On-line database, and the state and county population estimates for 2001 were revised. Previous releases are available as "archive" data for a period of time so that researchers can replicate previously published rates. The query pages labeled "archive" calculate rates with the previous population estimates. Revised population figures listed by year: Population estimates for 1991-1999: For the current CMF 1979-1998 data, and also the CMF data for 1999-2003, 1999-2004 and 1999-2005, the population estimates for 1991-1999 are bridged modified race intercensal estimates (that is estimates based on both the 1990 and 2000 censuses). On the archive query pages for 1979-1998 and for 1999, the population estimates for 1991-98 and for 1999 are postcensal estimates (that is, estimates based only on the 1990 census). See Description of the 1990-based Postcensal Population Data for more information. Population estimates for 2001: The current CMF 1999-2005 online database (published 2008) calculates national rates for 2001 with the bridged-race Vintage 2001 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2006 postcensal series state and county estimates. The archive CMF 1999-2004 online database (published 2007) calculates national rates for 2001 with the bridged-race Vintage 2001 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2005 postcensal series state and county estimates. The archive CMF 1999-2003 online database (published 2006) calculates national rates for 2001 with the bridged-race Vintage 2001 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2004 postcensal series state and county estimates. Population estimates for 2002: The current CMF 1999-2005 online database (published 2008) calculates national rates for 2002 with the bridged-race Vintage 2002 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2006 postcensal series state and county estimates. The archive CMF 1999-2004 online database (published 2007) calculates national rates for 2002 with the bridged-race Vintage 2002 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2005 postcensal series state and county estimates. The archive CMF 1999-2003 online database (published 2006) calculates national rates for 2002 with the bridged-race Vintage 2002 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2004 postcensal series state and county estimates. Population estimates for 2003: The current CMF 1999-2005 online database (published 2008) calculates national rates for 2002 with the bridged-race Vintage 2002 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2006 postcensal series state and county estimates. The archive CMF 1999-2004 online database (published 2007) calculates national rates for 2003 with the bridged-race Vintage 2003 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2005 postcensal series state and county estimates. The archive CMF 1999-2003 online database (published 2006) calculates national rates for 2003 with the bridged-race Vintage 2003 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2004 postcensal series state and county estimates. Population estimates for 2004: The current CMF 1999-2005 online database (published 2008) calculates national rates for 2004 with the bridged-race Vintage 2002 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, state and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2006 postcensal series state and county estimates. The archive CMF 1999-2004 online database (published 2007) calculates national rates for 2004 with the bridged-race Vintage 2004 postcensal series, and calculates region, division, stae and county rates with the bridged-race Vintage 2005 postcensal series state and county estimates. Notes: Given the large error of closure between the 1990-1999 postcensal estimates and the 2000 Census, researchers are urged to use the current query page with the 1990-1999 intercensal estimates. See Description of the 1990-based Postcensal Population Estimates and Mortality Archives. Description of the 1990-based Postcensal Population Data in Archived CMF In the archive data, the national, state, and county estimates for 1991-99 are postcensal estimates developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Postcensal population estimates are estimates made for the years following a decennial census before the next census has been taken. The Census Bureau annually produces postcensal estimates of the population for various levels of geography and demographic detail. The estimates produced in this annual production cycle are collectively referred to as a series of estimates, and the current series of estimates is referred to by the last year in the series. Each series contains estimates for each year from the census year forward, so each new series contains estimates for all of the years in the previous series. The estimates in a given series may not be the same as the estimates in the previous series. For example, the 1998 series of state and county estimates contains estimates for 1997 which in some cases differ substantially from the estimates for 1997 released in the 1997 series of estimates. National estimates for 1991-1999 in the archive data: The postcensal national estimates on the archived CMF 1979-98,CMF 1999, and CMF 1999-2001 are the same as those used by NCHS to calculate published death rates. Each year when the CMF was updated, national estimates for the new year were added to the file and the estimates for previous years were retained. As a result, the postcensal national estimates for the archive 1991-1999 CMF are from different series of estimates, as outlined below. The national estimates of the July 1, 1991 resident population of the U.S. are from the 792I series of intercensal estimates developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. They are consistent with the postcensal estimates for that year produced shortly thereafter. The national estimates for July 1,1992 are from the 1990-93 annual time series described in Population Division Product PPL-8. The national estimates for July 1, 1993 are from the 1990-94 annual time series. The July 1,1994 and July 1, 1995 national estimates are from the 1990-95 annual time series described in Population Division Product PPL-41. The July 1, 1996 national estimates are from the 1990-96 annual time series described in Population Division Product PPL-57. The July 1, 1997 national estimates are from the 1990-97 annual time series described in Population Division Product PPL-91R. The July 1, 1998 national estimates are from the 1990-98 annual time series. The July 1, 1999 national estimates are from the 1990-99 annual time series. State estimates for 1991-1999 in the archive data: The state estimates are from the 1990-1999 annual time series of postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau. County estimates for 1991-1999 in the archive data: The county estimates are from the U.S. Census Bureau 1990-99 annual time series of postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population of the 3,141 counties in the U.S. (as defined in 1990). Frequently Asked Questions about Compressed Mortality The questions are in three sections: Questions about Death Rates Data Release Questions Race and Ethnicity Questions Questions about Death Rates How are crude death rates calculated in WONDER? The "crude death rate" is the number of deaths divided by the population, multiplied by 100,000. Crude Death Rate = (number of deaths / population) * 100,000 Note: 100,000 is the default multiplier, other multipliers can be specified in the query. How are age-adjusted death rates calculated in WONDER? The age-adjusted rate is calculated by multiplying the age-specific death rate for each age group by the corresponding weight from the specified standard population, summing across all age groups, and then multiplying this result by 100,000 (or whatever multiplier is specified in the query). Age-Adjusted Death Rate = Sum of (Age Specific Death Rate * Standard Population weight) * 100,000 The age-specific death rate is the number of deaths for a given age group divided by the population of that age group. Age Specific Death Rate = (number of deaths in age group / population of age group) The "standard population weight " for an age group is calculated by dividing the population for the age group by the sum of the populations for all of the age groups in the query. Please see the question below on "children under 1 year" age categories. Standard Population Weight = population for age group / sum of age group populations for all age groups in query See http://seer.cancer.gov/seerstat/tutorials/aarates/definition.html for a step-by-step tutorial with an example of the calculations. What are the "Standard" and "Non-Standard" populations? WONDER allows the user to select the population distribution used for calculating age-adjusted rates. Three "Standard" populations are offered: the year 2000 standard population (the default), the 1970 standard population, and the 1940 standard population. Alternatively, the user can specify a "Non-Standard" population for use as the population distribution in the age-adjustment. The 1940 and 2000 standard populations were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Beginning with the 1999 data year, NCHS adopted the year 2000 projected population of the U.S. as the standard population for use in age adjusting death rates. The year 2000 standard replaced the 1940 standard population that had been used for over 50 years. The new population standard affects levels of mortality, and to some extent, trends and group comparisons. The 1970 standard population is the one used by the National Cancer Institute. When the user requests that a "non-standard " population is used in the calculation of age-adjusted rates, WONDER uses the Census population estimates/counts included in the Compressed Mortality File to determine the weights used in the age-adjustment. See Population Data Description for more information. What age categories are used for age-adjusted rates? Only age groups that fall within the age range specified in the query are used to calculate an age-adjusted rate. The "total population" for a query is the sum of the populations of each age group included in that query. For example, if an age-adjusted rate is requested for 45-74 year olds, then the total population is the sum of the 45-54 year olds, 55-64 year olds, and 65-74 year old populations. For the 1940, 1970 and 2000 standard populations, the possible age groups are: less than 1 year, 1-4, 5-14, 15-24, 25-34, ....85 years and over. If the user specifies a "non-standard" population for use in age-adjustment, the possible age groups are: less than 1 year, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25-34, ....85 years and over. Note that age groups differ from the age groups used for "standard" years, affecting the classification of deaths in the age range from 5 years to 24 years of age. See Age Adjustment of Death Rates for more information. What about children under 1 year and rate calculation? When calculating mortality rates for "Infant Age Groups" (under 1 day, 1-6 days, 7-27 days, 28-264 days), the population is the number of live births in the given time period. Note that age-adjusted rates cannot be calculated for infant age groups. However, age-adjusted death rates are available for the age group "under 1 year of age." In the CMF 1999-2003 online database, the "under 1 year of age" age group represents the population estimates for the given time period. (Prior to August 2006, in all previous CMF online databases, the number of live births in the given time period had been substituted for the "under 1 year of age" population estimates.) For more information, see Mortality for Infants. Why are death rates sometimes flagged as "Unreliable" or "Suppressed"? Death rates based on counts of twenty or less (death count <=20) are flagged as "Unreliable". A death rate based on fewer than 20 deaths has a relative standard error (RSE(R))of 23 percent or more. A RES(R ) of 23 percent is considered statistically unreliable. Death counts and death rates are "Suppressed" when the data meets the criteria for confidentiality constraints. See Assurance of Confidentiality for more information. Data Release Questions What are the Assurance of Confidentiality constraints for CMF? The term "Suppressed" replaces some death counts and death rates. The mortality data are suppressed due to confidentiality constraints, due to concern for protecting personal privacy. For 1989 and later, counts and rates for counties with census year populations of less than 100,000, are replaced with "Suppressed" if the number of deaths is five or less (death count <=5) and the death count is based on only one or two years of data. Notes:    Data years 1999 and later reference the year 2000 population figures for suppression, data years 1979-1998 reference the year 1990 population figures for suppression. For CMF 1979-1998, data for the following counties are available beginning in data year data 1994, and thus the 1994 population estimates are referenced for cell suppression purposes instead of the 1990 population estimates: Aleutians East Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02013), Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02016), Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02164), Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02232), Yakutat Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02282) and La Paz, Arizona (FIPS code 04012). The suppression rule for county population only affects data requested for individual counties for the year 1989 and later. Deaths reported before 1989 are not suppressed. Small death counts are not suppressed for counties with small populations if three or more years of data are combined. (An example of "combined" years is when the query requests data for the years 1995-1998, and the data are not sorted by year). Totals and sub-totals are omitted from tables in order to prevent the inadvertant disclosure of suppressed values. The confidentiality constraints and use of the "Unreliable" flag are established by the original data providers. For more information, please contact the data providers. What are my responsibilities in accessing this data? See Data Use Restrictions to review the policies affecting access to the Compressed Mortality data. Note that use of the data implies consent or agreement to abide by the policies. Why do the rates change for past years? The rates change because the population estimates used the denominators in the rate calculations change. The population estimates used as denominators change in order to provide the most recently available best estimate. In the years following the decennial census, the Census Bureau annually produces a set of estimates containing estimates of the current year population and revised estimates of the population for previous years. Each set of estimates is referred to as a postcensal series. reference Description of the 1990-based Postcensal Population Estimates. See also Population Revisions. Why separate query pages for CMF 1979-98 and CMF 1999 and later? The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is used to classify underlying cause of death. The ICD Ninth Revision is used from 1979-1998, and the ICD Tenth Revision is used since 1999. The classification systems differ significantly. As a result of these changes, the two classification schemes are different enough to make direct comparisons of cause-of-death difficult. NCHS has conducted a comparability study to measure the discontinuities between the Ninth and Tenth Revisions of the ICD for selected causes of death. In order to avoid delivering potentially misleading information, separate Mortality query pages are available on CDC WONDER, one for the Ninth Revision data years (1979-1998) and one for the Tenth Revision data years (1999 and later). Deaths cannot be tabulated across the 1998-1999 boundary in a single query. We fully recognize that this approach creates limitations for users of these data. We are hopeful that better approaches can be implemented once a method for addressing the data discontinuity has been developed. Why are there "Archive" query pages for previous releases? CDC's current policy on data release requires that previously published data remain available for researchers for comparison purposes. WONDER provides the previously published data designated as "archive" data, in contrast to the currently available published release. Each year the Compressed Mortality File is updated with a new year of data. Other revisions are made to the preceding years of data, such as changes in denominator population estimates and changes in county location codes. For more information, please see Population Revisions Location Updates Mortality Archives Race and Ethnicity Questions What racial categories are included in the "Other" classification for CMF? The racial categories for all years of the CMF are white, black, and other races. Other races includes the American Indian or Alaskan Native race category and the Asian or Pacific Islander race category. How are multi-racial persons classified in CMF? Race data are collected on death certificates in accordance with the 1977 OMB standards on race and ethnicity. The 1977 standards specified four race categories (white, black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander) and did not permit more than one racial category to be identified for an individual. Population data through the 1990s were also obtained in accordance with the 1977 standards. Race data on the 2000 census were collected in accordance with the 1997 OMB standards on race and ethnicity. The 1997 standards specify 5 single-race categories (American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian, black, Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and white) and permit the reporting of more than one race. As a result, there were 31 racial groups on the 2000 census (5 single-race groups and 26 multiple-race groups). NCHS, in collaboration with the Census Bureau, developed methodology for bridging the multiple-race groups to single-race categories, so that the race categories in the population data would match the race categories in the mortality data. Please see U.S. Census Populations With Bridged Race Categories. How are Hispanic persons who reported their race as "Other" on the census assigned to a race group? The Census Bureau has assigned all persons (including Hispanic persons) who specified their race as "other" on the census (1980, 1990, and 2000) to one of the OMB specified racial categories. The algorithm used by the Census Bureau to make these assignments has differed for the 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses, and is described in the Population Data section. See also Population Revisions. Mortality Archives Archives of previously published data are provided so that researchers can validate statistics and references from previous years. Each year the Compressed Mortality File is updated with a new year of data. Other revisions are made to the preceding years of data, such as changes in denominator population estimates and changes in county location codes. Changes in population estimates are reflected in changes in mortality rates. Death counts are not revised in later releases of Compressed Mortality File, other than dividing the deaths in previously combined county or census areas. Archive Mortality for 1999 - 2004 with ICD 10 codes This database was the active CMF data release for 1999-2004 (Series 20, No. 2J, 2007) from April 2007 - March 2008, when it was replaced by the CMF 1999-2005 ( Series 20 No. 2K, 2008). The 2001-2004 region, division, state and county population estimates in this release differ from other CMF releases: the region, division, state and county populations estimates on the archive CMF 1999-2004 on-line database (published 2005) are from the bridged-race Vintage 2005 county-level postcensal series. The CMF 1999-2004 only has data for 1999 through 2004. County-level data are suppressed for death counts of 5 or less, when the county-level total population in the year 2000 is less than 100,000 persons, and the data is for year 1989 or later, and the data represents a time interval of less than 3 years combined. Data are available for Broomfield county, Colorado [08014] and Denali, Alaska [02068], only for 2003. Before 2003, data for these areas are aggregated with neighboring areas. Data for Clifton Forge City, Virginia (51560) are available only for the years 1999-2000. In the year 2001, the area merged with merged with neighboring Alleghany county (51005). Archive Mortality for 1999 - 2003 with ICD 10 codes This database was the active CMF data release for 1999-2003 (Series 20, No. 2I, 2006) from August 2006 to April 2007, when it was replaced by the CMF 1999-2004 ( Series 20 No. 2J, 2007). The 2001-2003 region, division, state and county population estimates in this release differ from other CMF releases: the region, division, state and county populations estimates on the archive CMF 1999-2003 on-line database (published 2005) are from the bridged-race Vintage 2004 county-level postcensal series. The CMF 1999-2003 only has data for 1999 through 2003. County-level data are suppressed for death counts of 5 or less, when the county-level total population in the year 2000 is less than 100,000 persons, and the data is for year 1989 or later, and the data represents a time interval of less than 3 years combined. Data are available for Broomfield county, Colorado [08014] and Denali, Alaska [02068], only for 2003. Before 2003, data for these areas are aggregated with neighboring areas. Data for Clifton Forge City, Virginia (51560) are available only for the years 1999-2000. In the year 2001, the area merged with merged with neighboring Alleghany county (51005). Archive Mortality for 1999 with ICD 10 codes This database was the active CMF data release (CMF 1989-2000, Series 20, No. 2C, 2001) from January 2002 to November 2003, when it was replaced by CMF 1999-2001 (Series 20, No. 2G, 2004). The 1999 population estimates here differ from those on other CMF releases: the population figures for 1999 are 1990-based postcensal population estimates, whereas the current CMF release has intercensal population estimates (based on both the 1990 and 2000 censuses) for 1999. This query only provides data for 1999, due to differenecs in ICD-9 and ICD-10 disease classifications. County-level data are suppressed for death counts of 5 or less, when the county-level total population in the year 2000 is less than 100,000 persons, and the data are for year 1989 or later, and the data represents a time interval of less than 3 years combined. Archive Mortality for 1979-1998 with ICD 9 codes This database was the active CMF data release (CMF 1989-2000, Series 20, No. 2C, 2001) from January 2002 through November 2003, when it was replaced by CMF 1989-1998 (Series 20, No. 2E, 2003). The 1991-1998 population estimates here differ from the current CMF release: the poulation figures for 1991-1998 are 1990-based postcensal population estimates, whereas the current CMF release has bridged-race intercensal population estimates (based on both the 1990 and 2000 censuses) for the years 1991-1998. This query only provides data for 1979 through 1998. County-level data are suppressed for death counts of 5 or less, when the county-level total population in the year 1990 is less than 100,000 persons, and the data are for year 1989 or later, and the data represents a time interval of less than 3 years combined. County-level data for the state of Alaska are not available in this database. Dade county, Florida represents Miami-Dade, Florida for all years 1979-1998. The database was updated in May 2003 to include death count and populations for La Paz county, Arizona since 1989, and for Cibola county, New Mexico since 1994. Location exceptions for the Archive CMF 1979-1998 are summarized in the table below: Location  Available   Unavailable  Notes Alaskan boroughs and census areas --*-- 1979-1998 Only Alaska state level available Cibola, New Mexico (35006) 1989-1998 1979-1988 Aggregated with Valencia (35061) before1989 Dade, Florida (12025) 1979-1998 --*-- Represents Miami-Dade [12086) Kalawao, Hawaii [15005) --*-- 1979-1998 Aggregated with neighboring areas LaPaz, Arizona (04012) 1994-1998 1979-1993 Aggregated with Yuma (04027) before1994 Miami-Dade, Florida (12086) --*-- 1979-1998 Represented by Dade (12025) South Boston, Virginia (51780) 1979-1994 1995-1998 Aggregated with Halifax (51083) in 1995 Unknown, Georgia (13999) 1988-1991 1979-1987, 1992-1998 AIDS deaths only For more information, please see Population Revisions Location Updates Archive Mortality Data Requests Data Source Citations for CMF On-line Databases Mortality for Infants (under 1 Year of Age) Causes of death among persons less than one year of age vary greatly during the first year of life, and therefore special "rates" (actually, ratios) have long been used in public health to provide meaningful indicators of infant mortality. Infant mortality rates are typically calculated as the number of deaths per 1,000 live births. Infant Age Groups" for rates calculated using the number live births as the population denominator. The default multiplier for Infant Age Groups (live births population) is 1,000 births. However, the default multiplier for death rates calculated with the poulation estimate for persons under 1 year of age is 100,000 persons. Three commonly used indicators of infant mortality that can be calculated in WONDER are: Infant Mortality Rate Number of deaths of infants (less than 1 year of age of death) divided by the number of live births during a given period, then multiplied by 1,000; (Deaths of persons under 1 year of age) / Live Births) * 1000 Neonatal Mortality Rate Number of deaths of infants less than 28 days of age divided by the number of live births during a given period, then multiplied by 1,000; (Deaths of persons under 28 days of age) / Live Births) * 1000 Postneonatal Mortality Rate Number of deaths of infants 28 days to 1 year of age divided by the number of live births during a given period, then multiplied by 1,000. (Deaths of persons age 28 days to 1 year of age) / Live Births) * 1000 Note that all three indicators use the same denominator:   number of live births during a given period. To support these and other infant mortality indicators, the Compressed Mortality File provides first-year mortality data as follows: Infant Age Groups less than one day old; 1 to 6 days old; 7 to 27 days old; and 28 to 364 days old. Hints: Select "Infant Age Groups" for rates calculated using the number live births as the population denominator. The default multiplier for Infant Age Groups (live births population) is 1,000 births. The single age group labeled "under 1 of age year" in the standard "Age Groups" list represents the population estimates for this age group. (Prior to August 2006, the number of live births in the given time period had been substituted for the "under 1 year of age" population estimates. Since August 2006, the number of live births for the specified year are available separately.) Death rates based on the population estimates are calculated per 100,000 persons, unless another multiplier is specified. Change the default multiplier for the rate per number of persons in the Rate Options section on the Request screen. Notes: Age-adjusted rates are not available for the live births population, because each infant age group uses the same population, the number of live births, to produce the age-specific rates. Age-adjusted rates are available for the "under 1 year of age" group, when this group is combined with other age groups. Age-adjusted rates are not calculated for any single age group because the ratio is effectively "1" in this case. The number of live births are not summed together for the population total when the data are grouped by infant age groups, because the number of live births is used as the population denominator for each infant age group. Location Updates: notes about specific county-level changes in boundaries and codes Comparable total deaths and death rates may be misleading for counties with changing boundaries. The Compressed Mortality File (CMF) data may lag behind some Federal Information Processing (FIPS) location code changes. Some places, such as independent cities and New York City boroughs are included as unique locations in the CMF data. Some county and census tract area (CA) locations are not included, instead the deaths are associated with a neighboring county or the previous location name and FIPS code. The list below of county-level changes is organized alphabetically by state name and then county name. Alabama and population changes in Baldwin and Mobile counties after Hurricane Katrina in 2005: The July 1st 2005 population estimates do not reflect population changes that occurred after Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. The populations of Baldwin and Mobile counties in Alabama were reduced following Hurricane Katrina; As a result, 2005 death rates for these areas calculated using the population estimates on this file will be too low . Alaska boroughs and census areas: The boroughs and census areas of Alaska undergo frequent changes making it difficult to work with individual Alaskan areas. Data are available only for all combined areas in Alaska (represented by code 02900] for the years 1979 - 1988. Beginning in 1989, data are available for Alaskan boroughs and census areas, represented by FIPS code. (Note that the archive 1979-1998 online database has data only for the combined Alaskan areas for the full span of years.) Some of the Alaska FIPS codes in the data changed in 1994, as shown in the table below. Note that some of the FIPS codes are present for all years but the area they represent is not the same for all of the years. Aleutians East borough, Alaska Aleutians East borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02013) was created in 1987 from part of Aleutian Islands census area (FIPS code 02010) and an unpopulated part of Dillingham (FIPS code 02070). For 1989-1993, death counts and population estimates for Aleutians East are aggregated with those for Aleutians West and appear on the CMF with the Aleutians Islands FIPS code (02010). Beginning in 1994, death counts and population estimates for Aleutians East are available. Aleutian Islands census area, Alaska Aleutian Islands, Alaska (FIPS code 02010) was split into Aleutians East borough (FIPS code 02013) and Aleutians West census area (FIPS code 02016). The code for Aleutian Islands (02010) is on the CMF for 1989-1993; the codes for Aleutians East and Aleutians West appear on the CMF beginning with data year 1994. Aleutians West census area, Alaska Aleutians West census area, Alaska (FIPS code 02016) was created in 19990 from that part of Aleutian Islands (FIPS code 02010) that did not become part of Aleutians East (FIPS code 02013). For 1989-1993, death counts and population estimates for Aleutians West are aggregated with those for Aleutians East and appear on the CMF with the Aleutians Islands FIPS code (02010). Beginning in 1994, deaths and population estimates for Aleutians West are available. Denali borough, Alaska On December 7, 1990, Denali, Alaska(FIPS code 02068) was organized, mostly from the Yukon-Koyukuk census area (FIPS code 02290) with a small part from Southeast Fairbanks (FIPS code 02240). Deaths and population estimates for Denali are available on the CMF beginning in the year 2003. For the years 1989-2002, deaths and population estimates for Denali have been recoded to Yukon-Koyukuk (FIPS code 02290). Dillingham census area, Alaska Unpopulated areas of Dillingham, Alaska (FIPS code 02070) were transferred to Aleutians East (FIPS code 02013), Bethel (FIPS code 02050), and Kodiak Islands (FIPS code 02150). Part of Dillingham became Lake and Peninsula (FIPS code 02164). The remainder of Dillingham still exists(FIPS code 02070) and death counts and population estimates for Dillingham appear on the CMF since 1989. For CMF 1979-1998, there is a discontinuity in the mortality and population data for Dillingham Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02070) between 1993 and 1994. The discontinuity occurs because part of Dillingham became the Lakes and Peninsula Census Area (FIPS code 02164). Beginning in 1994, deaths and population counts for this part of Dillingham are reported for Lakes and Peninsula Borough and no longer included with data for Dillingham. Kobuck Kobuck, Alaska (FIPS code 02140) became Northwest Arctic borough (FIPS code 02188). There are no records for Kobuck on the CMF. Lake and Peninsula census area, Alaska Lake and Peninsula, Alaska (FIPS code 02164) was created in 1989 from part of Dillingham (FIPS code 02070). The FIPS code for this census area appears on the CMF beginning with data year 1994. For 1989-1993, death counts and population estimates for this area were combined with those for Dillingham. Northwest Arctic borough, Alaska In 1982, unpopulated area was removed from North Slope borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02185) and combined with Kobuck (FIPS code 02140) to form Northwest Arctic borough (FIPS code 02188). Death counts and population estimates are available for this area on the CMF since 1989. Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon census area, Alaska Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon, Alaska (FIPS code 02232) was created September 22, 1992 from that part of Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon (FIPS code 02231) not incorporated into Yakutat borough (FIPS code 02282). For 1991-1993, death counts and population estimates for Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon are aggregated with those for Yakutat and appear on the CMF with the FIPS code for Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon (FIPS code 02231 ). Data coded for Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon begins on the CMF in 1994. Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon census area, Alaska Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon, Alaska (FIPS code 02231) was deleted effective September 22, 1992 after Yakutat (FIPS code 02282) and Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon (FIPS code 02232) were formed. Death counts and population estimates for Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon appear on the CMF only for 1989-1993. Yakutat borough, Alaska Yakutat, Alaska (FIPS code 02282) was organized September 22, 1992 from part of Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon (FIPS code 02231). For 1991-1993, death counts and population estimates for Yakutat are aggregated with those for Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon and appear on the CMF with the FIPS code for Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon (FIPS code 02231 ). Death counts and population estimates for Yakutat appear on the CMF beginning with data year 1994. Yukon-Koyukuk, Alaska Yukon-Koyukuk, Alaska (FIPS code 02290) shows a discontinuity in the mortality and population data for Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area (FIPS code 02290) between 2002 and 2003. The discontinuity occurs because part of Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area became Denali Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02068) and beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for this former part of Yukon-Koyukuk are reported for Denali Borough and are no longer included with data for Yukon-Koyukuk. Table of Alaska boroughs and census areas in the CMF from 1989 - 1998 FIPS Code ______________________ Borough / Census Area Name 1989-93 1994-98 ______________________________________________________________ Aleutian Islands Census Area 02010 --*-- Aleutians East Borough --*-- 02113 Aleutians West Census Area --*-- 02016 Anchorage Borough 02020 02020 Bethel Census Area 02050 02050 Bristol Bay Borough 02060 02060 Denali Borough (02068) --*-- --*-- Dillingham Census Area 02070 02070 Fairbanks North Star Borough 02090 02090 Haines Borough 02100 02100 Juneau Borough 02110 02110 Kenai Peninsula Borough 02122 02122 Ketchikan Gateway Borough 02130 02130 Kobuck(-2140) --*-- --*-- Kodiak Island Borough 02150 02150 Lake and Peninsula Borough --*-- 02164 Matanuska-Susitina Borough 02170 02170 Nome Census Area 02180 02180 North Slope Borough 02185 02185 Northwest Arctic Borough 02188 02188 Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan C.A 02201 02201 Sitka Borough 02220 02220 Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area 02231 --*-- Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area --*-- 02232 Southeast Fairbanks Census Area 02240 02240 Valdez-Cordova Census Area 02261 02261 Wade Hampton Census Area 02270 02270 Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area 02280 02280 Yakutat Borough --*-- 02282 Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area 02290 02290 --*-- Code does not appear on file for these years. Arizona: La Paz, Arizona In January, 1983, La Paz county, Arizona (FIPS code 04012) was formed from the northern portion of Yuma county (FIPS code 04027). Yuma county still exists with reduced boundaries. From 1979 - 1993, death counts and population estimates for La Paz are aggregated with those for Yuma. Beginning in 1994, death counts and population estimates are available on this file for both La Paz and Yuma counties. Yuma, Arizona On the CMF 1979-98, there is a discontinuity in the mortality and population data for Yuma, Arizona (FIPS code 04027) between 1993 and 1994. The discontinuity occurs because part of Yuma became La Paz county, Arizona (FIPS code 04012) and, beginning in 1994, deaths and population counts for this part of Yuma are reported for La Paz county and no longer included with data for Yuma. Colorado: Adams, Colorado Adams county, Colorado (FIPS code 08001) shows a discontinuity in the mortality and population data between 2002 and 2003. This discontinuity occurs because territory in each of these four counties has been combined to form a new county, Broomfield, Colorado (FIPS code 08014). Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for this territory are reported for Broomfield county and are no longer included with data for Adams county. Boulder, Colorado Boulder county, Colorado (FIPS code 08003) shows a discontinuity in the mortality and population data between 2002 and 2003. This discontinuity occurs because territory in each of these four counties has been combined to form a new county, Broomfield, Colorado (FIPS code 08014). Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for this territory are reported for Broomfield county and are no longer included with data for Boulder county. Broomfield county Broomfield county, Colorado (FIPS code 08014) was created effective November 15, 2001 from parts of four counties: Adams, Boulder, Jefferson, and Weld. Deaths and population estimates for Broomfield county appear on the CMF beginning in the year 2003. Deaths and population estimates before 2003 are coded to the original locations. Jefferson, Colorado Jefferson county, Colorado (FIPS code 08059) shows a discontinuity in the mortality and population data between 2002 and 2003. This discontinuity occurs because territory in each of these four counties has been combined to form a new county, Broomfield, Colorado (FIPS code 08014). Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for this territory are reported for Broomfield county and are no longer included with data for Jefferson county. Weld, Colorado Weld county, Colorado (FIPS code 080123) shows a discontinuity in the mortality and population data between 2002 and 2003. This discontinuity occurs because territory in each of these four counties has been combined to form a new county, Broomfield, Colorado (FIPS code 08014). Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for this territory are reported for Broomfield county and are no longer included with data for Weld county. Florida: Dade county and Miami city Dade county, Florida (FIPS code 12025) was renamed Miami-Dade County and its FIPS code changed to 12086, effective November 13, 1997. The 2004 release has the area coded to Miami-Dade (12086) for all years, and the 2002 release has the area coded to Dade county (12025) for all years. Georgia: Columbus city and Muscogee county, Georgia The independent city Columbus, Georgia does not appear on the CMF. Death counts and population estimates for Columbus city (FIPS code 13510) have been aggregated with those for Muscogee county (FIPS code 13215). Georgia, unknown county For 1988-1991, an additional county code (FIPS code 13999) was created in Georgia. Deaths occurring in Georgia with HIV infection cited as a cause-of-death were assigned this county code if three or fewer such deaths occurred to residents of a given county. The deaths assigned to this FIPS code are included in Georgia state totals. Hawaii: Kalawao, Hawaii Kalawao, Hawaii [FIPS code 15005) has data on the CMF beginning in the year 1989. There are no data for the years 1979-1988 in the CMF 1979-1998 online database, and no data for the full span of years in the archive 1979-1998 online database. Louisiana and Orleans and East Baton Rouge parishes after Hurricane Katrina in 2005: The July 1st 2005 population estimates for Louisiana do not reflect population changes that occurred after Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. The population of Orleans parish in Louisiana was reduced following Hurricane Katrina; East Baton Rouge parish in Louisiana had an increased population. As a result, 2005 death rates for Orleans parish calculated using the population estimates will be too low; the death rates calculated for East Baton Rouge will be somewhat too high. Death rates for Orleans parish are especially affected. Maryland: Baltimore city and Baltimore county The independent city of Baltimore, Maryland has been treated as a county. Death counts and population estimates are reported separately for Baltimore city (FIPS code 24510) and Baltimore county (FIPS code 24005). Mississippi and George, Harrison, and Rankin counties after Hurricane Katrina in 2005: The July 1st 2005 population estimates for Mississippi do not reflect population changes that occurred after Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. The populations of George, Harrison, and Rankin counties in Mississippi were reduced following Hurricane Katrina. As a result, 2005 death rates for these areas calculated using the population estimates will be too low. Missouri: St. Genevieve county, Missouri In order to achieve alphabetical consistency, the FIPS code for St. Genevieve, Missouri was changed in 1979 from 29193 to 29186. The new code (29186) has been used through out the CMF. St. Louis city and St. Louis county, Missouri The independent city of St. Louis, Missouri has been treated as a county. Death counts and population estimates are reported separately for St. Louis city (FIPS code 29510) and St. Louis county (FIPS code 29189). Montana: Yellowstone National Park Until November 7, 1997, the Montana portion of Yellowstone Park was not in any county and therefore was treated as a county equivalent (FIPS code 30113). On that date, the Montana portion of Yellowstone Park became part of Gallatin, MT (FIPS code 30031) and Park, MT (FIPS code 30067). Data for Yellowstone Park (30113) does not appear after data year 1988 for the 1979-1998 CMF. However, Yellowstone Park (30113) data are available for the data years 1979-1998 for the 1979-1998 CMF Archive data. Nevada: Carson City The independent city of Carson City, Nevada (FIPS code 32510) has been treated as a county. Death counts and population estimates are reported for Carson City. New Mexico: Cibola county and Valencia county In 1981, Cibola county, New Mexico (FIPS code 35006) was formed when Valencia county, New Mexico (FIPS code 35061) was divided into two parts. Valencia county still exists with reduced boundaries. CMF aggregates Cibola with Valencia through 1988. Death counts and population estimates are available for Cibola from 1989, and Valencia shows an abrupt drop in deaths and populations in 1989. New York: New York City boroughs The five boroughs of New York City have been treated as counties and maintained as separate entities on this file. Borough County FIPS Code Bronx Bronx 36005 Brooklyn Kings 36047 Manhattan New York 36061 Queens Queens 36081 Staten Island Richmond 36085 South Dakota: Jackson county and Washabaugh county In 1979, Washabaugh county, South Dakota (FIPS code 46131) merged with Jackson county, South Dakota (FIPS code 46071). For all years, death counts and population estimates for Washabaugh county have been aggregated with those for Jackson county. Virginia independent cities: Alleghany, Virginia Alleghany, Virginia (FIPS code 51005) shows a discontinuity in mortality and population data ) between 2000 and 2001. This discontinuity occurs because beginning in 2001, death counts and population estimates for Clifton Forge city, Virginia (FIPS code 51560) have been combined with those for Alleghany county. Clifton Forge city, Virginia On July 1, 2001, Clifton Forge city, Virginia (FIPS code 51560), formerly an independent city, merged with Alleghany county (FIPS code 51005). Deaths and population estimates are available for Clifton Forge city through the year 2000. Nansemond city, Virginia Nansemond city, Virginia (FIPS code 51123) has been part of the independent city of Suffolk, VA (FIPS code 51800) since 1979. For all years, death counts and population estimates for Nansemond have been aggregated with those for Suffolk city. Halifax, Virginia For CMF 1979-1998, there is a discontinuity in the mortality and population data for Halifax, Virginia (FIPS code 51083) between 1988 and 1989. The discontinuity occurs because South Boston city, Virginia (FIPS code 51780) merged with Halifax county. For CMF 1979-1998, beginning in data year 1989, deaths and population counts for South Boston city are reported with those of Halifax county. However, for CMF 1979-1998 Archive data, death counts and population estimates for South Boston city are aggregated with those of Halifax county since 1995. South Boston city, Virginia On June 30, 1995, South Boston city, Virginia (FIPS code 51780), formerly an independent city, merged with Halifax county (FIPS code 51083). Death counts and population estimates for South Boston city are aggregated with those of Halifax county since 1989 for the 1979-1998 CMF data; however South Boston city data are aggregated with Halifax county since 1995 for the 1979-1998 CMF Archive data. Table of Virginia independent cities and counties The Virginia independent cities are treated as counties and appear on the CMF with the following FIPS codes: Independent City County Name FIPS code Name FIPS code Alexandria 51510 Arlington 51013 Bedford 51515 Bedford 51019 Bristol 51520 Washington 51191 Buena Vista 51530 Rockbridge 51163 Charlottesville 51540 Albemarle 51003 Chesapeake 51550 Clifton Forge 51560 Alleghany 51005 Colonial Heights51570 Chesterfield 51041 Covington 51580 Alleghany 51005 Danville 51590 Pittsyvania 51143 Emporia 51595 Greensville 51081 Fairfax 51600 Fairfax 51059 Falls Church 51610 Fairfax 51059 Franklin 51620 Southampton 51175 Fredericksburg 51630 Spotsylvania 51177 Galax 51640 Grayson 51077 Hampton 51650 Harrisonburg 51660 Rockingham 51165 Hopewell 51670 Prince George 51149 Lexington 51678 Rockbridge 51163 Lynchburg 51680 Campbell 51031 Manassas 51683 Prince William 51153 Manassas Park 51685 Prince William 51153 Martinsville 51690 Henry 51089 Newport News 51700 Norfolk 51710 Norton 51720 Wise 51195 Petersburg 51730 Dinwiddie 51053 Poquoson 51735 York 51199 Portsmouth 51740 Norfolk city 51710 Radford 51750 Montgomery 51121 Richmond 51760 Henrico 51087 Roanoke 51770 Roanoke 51161 Salem 51775 Roanoke 51161 Staunton 51790 Augusta 51015 Suffolk 51800 Virginia Beach 51810 Waynesboro 51820 Augusta 51015 Williamsburg 51830 James City 51095 Winchester 51840 Frederick 51069

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This page last reviewed: Thursday, April 17, 2008

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