It has been shown that diffuse luminance flicker increases retinal and optic nerve head blood flow. This indicates that a neuro-vascular coupling between neural activity and blood flow exists in the retina as described previously for the brain. Although a lot of mediators such as NO, pO2, pCO2, H+ and K+ have been proposed, the mechanism of this coupling is still a matter of controversy. However, it has been shown in an animal experiment, that an increase in blood flow, evoked by diffuse luminance flicker stimulation is paralleled by decrease in pO2 in the tissue. In a recently performed study we could show that breathing of 100% O2 did not influence flicker induced changes in the retina and optic nerve head. However, breathing of 100% oxygen also leads to a pronounced vasoconstriction of the retinal vessels and in turn to a increased tension of the vessel wall. Recent evidence indicates that a combination of 92% O2 and 8% CO2 can, at least partially, counteract the vasoconstrictory effect of O2 and increases tissue pO2. Thus, in this study the investigators set out to investigate the flicker light induced increase in blood flow under a mixture of O2/CO2 .