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Understanding Private-Sector
Decision Making for Early-Stage
Technology Development
A “Between Invention and Innovation Project” Report
Philip E. Auerswald
School of Public Policy
George Mason University
Lewis M. Branscomb
Kennedy School of Government
Harvard University
Nicholas Demos
Booz Allen Hamilton (formerly)
PharmaBio Strategy Consulting (presently)
Brian K. Min
University of California—Los Angeles
September 2005
Click here to view Adobe PDF version of report. |
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE ATP ECONOMIC
ASSESSMENT OFFICE (Inside Front Cover)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I. INTRODUCTION
- Motivation for the Study
- Corporate Innovations and the Definition of Early-Stage
Technology Development
II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- Industry R&D: Historical Context and Recent Trends
III. PROJECT SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
- Methodology
- Limitations of Data and Methods
IV. FINDINGS: CORPORATE ESTD INVESTMENTS AND ACTIVITIES
- Estimates of Corporate ESTD Investments
- Key Trends Shaping Corporate R&D and ESTD Investments
- R&D Process Evolution: Increasing Complexity of Technology Development
- Pressure for Measurable Results and Financial Returns
- Industry and Company Lifecycle Influences
- Select Industry Analysis: Details from the Interviews
- Computer Software
- Telecommunications
- Chemicals
- Electronic Component Manufacturing
- Automotive Industries
- Biopharmaceuticals
V. EMERGING CORPORATE STRATEGIES AND RESPONSES
- Portfolio Management Models
- Alliances, Acquisitions, and Venture Funds
- Outsourcing of Early-Stage R&D: ESTD Engines for Hire
VI. CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX: INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF INTERVIEWED COMPANIES
REFERENCES
ABOUT THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM (Inside Back Cover)
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. Paths from a Creative Commercial Idea to an Innovation
Figure 2. Four Transitions to Innovation; Three Require ESTD
Figure 3. Early-Stage Technology Development (ESTD) Along the Path from Invention to Innovation
Figure 4. Estimated ESTD Spending by U.S. Corporations
TABLES
Table 1. R&D Expenditures and Sales: Companies and Industry Totals in 2000
Table 2. Estimated ESTD Spending by U.S. Corporations in 2000
Table 3. Breakdown of R&D Dollars by Interviewed Software Companies
Table 4. Breakdown of R&D Dollars by Interviewed Telecommunications Companies
Table 5. Breakdown of R&D Dollars by Interviewed Chemical Companies
Table 6. Breakdown of R&D Dollars by Interviewed Electronics Companies
Table 7. Breakdown of R&D Dollars by Interviewed Automotive Companies
Table 8. Breakdown of R&D Dollars by Interviewed Biopharmaceutical Companies
Date created: October 7, 2005
Last updated:
October 12, 2005
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