Experimental Study of Health Claims on Food Packages

Preliminary Topline Frequency Report
May 2007

Contact:

Chung-Tung Jordan Lin

Consumer Studies Staff
Division of Social Sciences
Office of Regulations, Policy and Social Sciences
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
Food and Drug Administration
Tel: 301-436-1831
Email: chung-tung.lin@fda.hhs.gov

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Table of Contents

1. Summary
   1. Methodology
   2. Selected Preliminary Findings
2. Phase 1
   1. Section A. Consumption and perceived healthfulness of foods
   2. Section B. Awareness of nutrients and health benefits
   3. Section C. Dietary supplements, special diets, and demographics
3. Phase 2
   1. Section D. Label responses
   2. Section E. Food purchase experience and selection criteria
   3. Section F. Health status
   4. Section G. Internet experience and demographics
4. Appendix A. Label example 1 - Yogurt with a food-specific health claim
5. Appendix B. Label example 2 - Yogurt with a substance-specific health claim
6. Appendix C. Label example 3 - Yogurt with a nutrient content claim
7. Appendix D. Label example 4 - Yogurt with a structure/function claim
8. Appendix E. Label example 5 - Yogurt with a dietary guidance statement
9. Appendix F. Label example 6 - Yogurt without a claim
10. Appendix G. Label example 7 - Yogurt back panel

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This report highlights selected preliminary findings based on data collected in the Experimental Study of Health Claims on Food Packages. The report also shows frequency distributions in the data. The study examines consumer perceptions of health claims and other health messages (nutrient content claims, structure/function claims, dietary guidance statements) on the front panels of food packages.

The research was intended to help reveal causal relationships between health claims and other health messages and consumer responses, rather than to assess population-wide prevalence or distributions of consumer responses. It uses quota sampling methodology on a specific Internet consumer panel. As such, the study findings describe only respondents' attitudes, knowledge, behavior, and label responses; the findings cannot and should not be construed as representative of attitudes, knowledge, behavior, or label responses among U.S. consumers.

The main research objective was to evaluate and compare consumers' reactions to food-specific health claims that do notmention the substance (nutrient) that underlies the diet-disease relationship (for example, "Yogurt may reduce the risk of osteoporosis") and substance-specific health claims that mention the substance (for example, "Calcium-rich foods, such as yogurt, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis"). We were particularly interested in determining if consumers are still able to identify the nutrient responsible for the claimed benefit, and recognize that there are many food sources from which they can obtain the nutrient. The information enhances FDA's understanding of consumer responses to health claims and informs any policy initiative(s) that FDA may undertake in the future. For more details about this informational need, go to the Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for Food Labeling: Health Claims; Dietary Guidanceof November 25, 2003, page 66047.

We emphasize that the inclusion of examples of health claims and other health messages in this study does not in any way suggest or imply any new or impending change in regulatory actions regarding these messages.

Methodology

The study includes two phases. Phase 1 collected information on respondent awareness of foods, nutrients, and foods' possible health benefits. This information was intended to help enhance understanding of respondent perceptions of various health messages, which were collected in Phase 2.

Synovate, Inc., the data collection contractor, fielded the study via the Internet between January 25, 2006 and March 24, 2006. The median completion time was five minutes for Phase 1 and ten minutes for Phase 2.

The target population was adult members in the Global Opinion Panels maintained by Synovate, Inc. Synovate drew a sample of 9,000 members per quota set to match the distribution of U.S. household heads in gender, education, age, and ethnicity/race. Invitation emails were sent to designated panel members. The invitation mentioned the general purpose of the study, sponsor of the study (FDA), and effort expected (the two phases and the expected length of time for each phase). A total of 1,593 of the 9,000 invitees completed Phase 1. Ten days after the end of the Phase 1, Phase 1 respondents were sent an invitation to participate in Phase 2; 1,077 of these Phase 1 respondents also completed Phase 2.

The study examines the following 18 front-panel label examples. These examples vary in component of a diet-disease relationship (i.e., whether a message mentions a food, a substance or nutrient, or a health problem) and presumed familiarity with a diet-disease relationship (from a well-known calcium - osteoporosis relationship, a less known potassium - high blood pressure relationship, to a unknown relationship between a fictitious nutrient "lysoton" and the risk of heart disease). There is no variation in back-panel information, e.g., the Nutrition Facts panel, for a given food. [See Appendices A-G for examples of front and back panels.]

Claim Type	Yogurt - calcium - osteoporosis	Orange juice - potassium - high blood pressure	Pasta - lysoton (a fictitious nutrient) - heart disease
(1) Food-specific health claim	Yogurt may reduce the risk of osteoporosis	Orange juice may reduce the risk of high blood pressure	Pasta may reduce the risk of heart disease
(2) Substance-specific health claim	Calcium-rich foods, such as yogurt, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis	Potassium-rich foods, such as orange juice, may reduce the risk of high blood pressure	Lysoton-rich foods, such as pasta, may reduce the risk of heart disease
(3) Nutrient content claim	A good source of calcium	A good source of potassium	A good source of lysoton
(4) Structure/function claim	Helps promote bone health	Helps promote blood pressure health	Helps promote heart health
(5) Dietary guidance	Dairy products may reduce the risk of osteoporosis	Fruit juices may reduce the risk of high blood pressure	Grain foods may reduce the risk of heart disease
(6) No message	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable

In Phase 1, respondents were asked about their awareness of foods, nutrients, and foods' possible health benefits; no labels were shown in Phase 1. In Phase 2, each respondent was first asked about perceptions of one of the 18 label examples and then perceptions of another label example; each and every question was shown together with the pertinent label example. For a given respondent, the examples shown were for two different foods and two different front-panel messages. Each respondent was asked about the same pair of foods in both Phases, either (1) yogurt and orange juice, (2) orange juice and pasta, or (3) pasta and yogurt. Assignment of foods and health messages were randomized and counter-balanced across respondents. See Appendices A-G for examples of label images.

Selected preliminary findings

1. Awareness of foods, nutrients, and health benefits
   1. Among the three foods examined, yogurt and orange juice are considered more healthful than pasta.
   2. All respondents have heard of calcium and potassium. Eight percent of respondents claim to have heard of the fictitious nutrient "lysoton."
   3. Reducing the risk of osteoporosis is identified as a health benefit of yogurt by about two-thirds of those who are asked about the food; reducing the risk of hypertension is identified as a health benefit of orange juice by one quarter of those who are asked about the food; and reducing the risk of heart disease is identified as a health benefit of pasta by one in ten respondents who are asked about the food.
   4. Nine in ten of those who associate yogurt with reducing osteoporosis or pasta with reducing heart disease think other foods also have the same benefit; three in four of others who associate orange juice with reducing hypertension think other foods also have the same benefit.
   5. All who associate yogurt with osteoporosis identify calcium as the substance that might help reduce the risk; three in four of those who associate orange juice with hypertension say potassium might help reduce the risk; about one in five of those who associate pasta with heart disease say "lysoton" might help reduce the risk.
2. Recognition of nutrient underlying the stated diet-disease relationship.
   1. When a nutrient or the nutrient-disease link is lesser known (potassium-hypertension) or unknown ("lysoton-heart disease"), respondents are more likely to recognize the nutrient if it is mentioned in a health claim (a substance-specific health claim) than if it is not mentioned (a food-specific health claim).
   2. When a nutrient or health benefit is lesser known (potassium-hypertension) or unknown ("lysoton-heart disease"), respondents are also more likely to recognize the nutrient from a substance-specific health claim than from a structure/function claim or a dietary guidance statement.
   3. There is no difference in how likely respondents are to recognize the nutrient between a food-specific health claim, a structure/function claim, and a dietary guidance statement.
3. Recognition of the existence of other food sources of a nutrient.
   1. The recognition that other food sources provide the nutrient is less likely for an unknown nutrient ("lysoton"), regardless of which health messages respondents see.
4. Recognition of the existence of other foods that may have the same health benefit.
   1. When there is a widespread belief that the risk of osteoporosis or heart disease may be reduced with many foods, the likelihood of recognizing that there are other foods that may offer the benefit stated on a product package does not differ between the health message they see (substance-specific health claim, food-specific health claim, structure/function claim, dietary guidance statement).
   2. When the belief is less common (i.e., the risk of hypertension may be reduced with many foods), however, the recognition that there are other foods that may offer the stated benefit is more likely when respondents see a substance-specific health claim than a food-specific health claim or a structure/function claim.
5. Belief in the stated benefit.
   1. When a nutrient or diet-disease benefit is lesser known (potassium-hypertension) or unknown ("lysoton-heart disease"), respondents are less likely to believe the food has the stated benefit when they see a label with a nutrient content claim or with no health message, when compared to a label with other health messages (substance-specific health claims, food-specific health claims, structure/function claims, dietary guidance statements).
   2. When a nutrient or health benefit is well known (calcium-osteoporosis), there is no difference in how strongly respondents believe in the stated benefit across various health messages (substance-specific health claim, food-specific health claim, structure/function claim, nutrient content claim, dietary guidance statement).
6. Intention to buy the product.
   1. Respondents would be more likely to consider buying the product when the health claim they see mentions the nutrient responsible for the benefit.
   2. Similarly, the purchase intent is stronger when they see a substance-specific health claim than when they see any other health messages (nutrient content claims, structure/function claims, dietary guidance statements) or a label without any health message.
   3. Respondents are least likely to buy a product when they see a nutrient content claim or a label that does not include any health message.

Notes to the following tabulations

1. We ignored responses from 41 respondents due to discrepancies in reported demographics (age, education, race/ethnicity, gender) between the two phases. Thus, the base sample size for this report is 1,036 respondents.
2. The study uses the quota sampling methodology. The study is not intended to, and does not, generate nationally representative results or population estimates of consumer attitudes, knowledge, or behavior. Neither is the study intended to produce results generalizable to Synovate's Global Opinion Panels.
3. Sample size ("n") for each table is noted. The sample size is based on either the number of respondents, for questions that are not food- or label-specific, or the number of observations for other questions. In the latter questions, each respondent contributed up to two observations per question, one for each of the two foods, front-panel messages, or both.
4. An asterisk (*) in the table denotes a percentage value smaller than one and greater than zero.
5. Row or column percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding, multiple responses, or both.

OMB No. 0910-0565
Expiration: 8/31/2008

PHASE 1

SECTION A. CONSUMPTION AND PERCEIVED HEALTHFULNESS OF FOODS

Answer	Yogurt (n = 693)	Orange Juice (n = 686)	Pasta (n = 693)
Everyday or nearly every day	11 %	22 %	2 %
2-3 times a week	22 %	18 %	21 %
Once a week	10 %	9 %	38 %
Less than once a week	29 %	34 %	37 %
Never eat/drink it	26 %	16 %	2 %
Don't know	2 %	1 %	*

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Answer	Yogurt (n = 693)	Orange Juice (n = 686)	Pasta (n = 693)
6 very healthful	44 %	58 %	11 %
5	31 %	25 %	14 %
4	14 %	11 %	36 %
3	4 %	4 %	24 %
2	1 %	2 %	10 %
1 not healthful at all	*	*	3 %
Don't know	5 %	0 %	1 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

SECTION B. AWARENESS OF NUTRIENTS AND HEALTH BENEFITS

(n=1036)

Nutrient/Food Component	Yes	No	Don't know
Calcium	100 %	*	*
Potassium	99 %	*	*
Monounsaturated fat or fatty acid	89 %	7 %	3 %
Lysoton	8 %	81 %	12 %
Lycopene	72 %	22 %	6 %
Trans fat or trans fatty acid	95 %	4 %	2 %

"n" denotes number of respondents. "Lysoton" is a fictitious nutrient included for the purpose of the study.

Yogurt (n = 693)

Health Problem	Yes	No	Don't know
Hypertension or high blood pressure	17 %	67 %	17 %
Cancer	12 %	70 %	18 %
Osteoporosis or bone problem	62 %	28 %	11 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	15 %	68 %	17 %
Heart disease	24 %	61 %	15 %

Orange juice (n = 686)

Health Problem	Yes	No	Don't know
Hypertension or high blood pressure	24 %	60 %	16 %
Cancer	35 %	50 %	15 %
Osteoporosis or bone problem	39 %	47 %	14 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	16 %	68 %	16 %
Heart disease	46 %	40 %	14 %

Pasta (n = 693)

Health Problem	Yes	No	Don't know
Hypertension or high blood pressure	7 %	80 %	13 %
Cancer	4 %	83 %	13 %
Osteoporosis or bone problem	7 %	80 %	13 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	7 %	80 %	12 %
Heart disease	9 %	78 %	12 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

[IF YES TO THE TARGET HEALTH PROBLEM, GO TO B3. OTHERWISE, SKIP TO C1.]
[Target health problem: yogurt - osteoporosis; orange juice - high blood pressure; pasta - heart disease.]

	Yes	No	Don't know
Yogurt - osteoporosis (n = 428)	88 %	*	11 %
Orange juice - hypertension or high blood pressure (n = 161)	76 %	*	24 %
Pasta - heart disease (n = 65)	88 %	3 %	9 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

[IF YES, GO TO B4 OTHERWISE, SKIP TO B5.]

Osteoporosis or bone problem (n = 378)

Food
Cereals	30 %
Cheese, milk, or buttermilk	97 %
Dairy products other than cheese, milk, and buttermilk	88 %
Fruits or fruit juices	31 %
Oatmeal	24 %
Potato or sweet potato	16 %
Salmon or sardines	35 %
Fish, shellfish, or seafood other than salmon and sardines	28 %
Soy, soy bean, soy milk, bean curd, or tofu	44 %
Spinach	35 %
Vegetables other than spinach, soy bean, potato, and sweet potato	29 %
Vegetable juices	16 %
Other foods (up to 3 items; examples include whole grains/wheat, any food containing significant amount of calcium.)	5 %
Don't know	0 %

Hypertension or high blood pressure (n = 122)

Food
Cereals	53 %
Cheese, yogurt, milk, or buttermilk	25 %
Dairy products other than cheese, yogurt, milk, and buttermilk	20 %
Fruits or fruit juices	70 %
Oatmeal	79 %
Potato or sweet potato	36 %
Salmon or sardines	57 %
Fish, shellfish, or seafood other than salmon and sardines	55 %
Soy, soy bean, soy milk, bean curd, or tofu	52 %
Spinach	58 %
Vegetables other than spinach, soy bean, potato, and sweet potato	49 %
Vegetable juices	43 %
Other foods (up to 3 items; examples include red wine, whole grain, dark chocolate.)	15 %
Don't know	4 %

Heart disease (n = 57)

Food
Cereals	81 %
Cheese, yogurt, milk, or buttermilk	23 %
Dairy products other than cheese, yogurt, milk, and buttermilk	16 %
Fruits or fruit juices	74 %
Oatmeal	88 %
Potato or sweet potato	35 %
Salmon or sardines	67 %
Fish, shellfish, or seafood other than salmon and sardines	60 %
Soy, soy bean, soy milk, bean curd, or tofu	61 %
Spinach	61 %
Vegetables other than spinach, soy bean, potato, and sweet potato	56 %
Vegetable juices	46 %
Other foods (up to 3 items;  examples include nuts, whole grains/wheat)	16 %
Don't know	0 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

Osteoporosis or bone problem (n = 428)

Nutrient	Yes	No	Have not heard	Don't know
Calcium	99 %	*	0 %	1 %
Potassium	54 %	14 %	*	32 %
Vitamin A	46 %	13 %	*	40 %
Phosphorus	44 %	11 %	4 %	41 %

Hypertension or high blood pressure (n = 161)

Nutrient	Yes	No	Have not heard	Don't know
Calcium	60 %	15 %	*	25 %
Potassium	74 %	6 %	*	19 %
Vitamin C	68 %	6 %	*	25 %
Vitamin A	62 %	7 %	*	30 %

Heart disease (n = 65)

Nutrient	Yes	No	Have not heard	Don't know
Lysoton	17 %	12 %	48 %	23 %
Fiber	89 %	5 %	0 %	6 %
Calcium	58 %	18 %	0 %	23 %
Potassium	74 %	8 %	0 %	18 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

[IF YES TO THE TARGET NUTRIENT FOR A FOOD, GO TO B6 OTHERWISE, SKIP TO C1.]
[Target nutrient: yogurt - calcium; orange juice - potassium; pasta - lysoton.]

Calcium (n = 422)

Food
Olive oil	8 %
Spinach	41 %
Fish like salmon or sardines	47 %
Tomato	14 %
Don't know	39 %

Potassium (n = 119)

Food
Margarine	3 %
Fruit juices	67 %
Potato or sweet potato	78 %
Egg	20 %
Don't know	12 %

Lysoton (n = 11)

Food
Canola oil	55 %
Carrot	36 %
Milk	36 %
Nuts (all kinds)	64 %
Don't know	27 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

SECTION C. Dietary supplements, special diets, and demographics

(n = 1036)

Dietary Supplement	Yes	No	Don't know
A multi-vitamin or multi-mineral supplement, such as One-A-Day, Mega-Vitamin, Centrum A-to-Z.	65 %	34 %	*
A specialized or single-ingredient vitamin or mineral supplement such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, iron, or calcium. Please do not include vitamins or minerals added to foods or beverages, for example, Vitamin D in milk and Vitamin C in orange juice.	58 %	41 %	*
An herb, botanical, or other dietary supplement that is not a vitamin or a mineral. Examples include garlic pills, echinacea, ginkgo, ginseng (not as a food), glucosamine, MSM, saw palmetto, St. John's wort, amino acids, black cohosh, creatine, or fish oil or Omega-3 oil.	40 %	58 %	2 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Diet	(n = 1036)
Low fat diet	19 %
Low carb or carbohydrate diet	16 %
Low sodium diet	13 %
Low calorie diet	11 %
Low cholesterol diet	11 %
Low sugar diet	15 %
Weight loss diet	15 %
None of these	55 %
Don't know	1 %
Prefer not to answer	*

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Skip rule for C3 and C4

• If each and every of low fat, low carb, low sodium, low calorie, low cholesterol, and low sugar was selected, skip to C4.
• If "none of these" was selected, go to C3.
• If weight loss was selected and none of low fat through low sugar was selected, go to C3.
• If "prefer not to answer" or "don't know" was selected, skip to C4.
• All remaining cases, go to C3 and ask unselected items (from low fat to low sugar).

Answer	(n = 1001)
Fat	37 %
Carb or carbohydrate	15 %
Sodium	20 %
Calorie	34 %
Cholesterol	20 %
Sugar	32 %
None of these	30 %
Don't know	*
Prefer not to answer	*

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Level of School	(n = 1036)
0 - 11 years or grades	2 %
12 years, high school graduate, or GED	42 %
1 - 3 years of college or associate degree	28 %
4 years of college or college graduate	20 %
Postgraduate, masters, doctorate, law degree, MD	8 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Age	(n = 1036)
18 - 34 years old	10 %
35 - 54 years old	38 %
55 + years old	52 %
Mean age = 53 years

Age = 2006 - response.

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Gender	(n = 1036)
Female	77 %
Male	23 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

	Yes (n = 1036)
Hispanic or Latino origin	5 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Race	(n = 1036)
White	90 %
Black or African American	7 %
Asian	2 %
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	*
American Indian or Alaskan Native	3 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

(n = 1036)

Purpose	Yes	No	Don't know
Sending and receiving E-mail	99 %	1 %	*
Looking for health information, such as diet, nutrition, diseases or medicine	68 %	32 %	*
Reading newspapers, magazines, or doing research	74 %	25 %	*
For other purposes such as searching for or buying products, online banking, trading stocks, or looking for a book in the library	80 %	20 %	*

"n" denotes number of respondents.

PHASE 2

SECTION D. Label responses

[SHOW FRONT PANEL AND PROVIDE A TURN BUTTON FOR BACK PANEL.]

D1. Please take a moment to look at this label. Feel free to click on the "TURN" button to see the other side of the label, which provides more information about this product. Note that the label information you see in this study may or may not be the same as you would see at the grocery store.

When you are ready to continue the survey, click on the "NEXT" button.

[IF THE "NO CLAIM" CONDITION IS ASSIGNED, SKIP TO D4.]

Statement type	Yogurt Yes (n)	Orange Juice Yes (n)	Pasta Yes (n)
Food-specific health claim	96% (116)	97% (117)	97% (117)
Substance-specific health claim	99% (116)	97% (116)	95% (116)
Nutrient content claim	99% (115)	99% (118)	100% (114)
Structure/function claim	99% (116)	94% (112)	97% (117)
Dietary guidance statement	97% (111)	98% (111)	97% (115)

"n" denotes number of observations.

[IF D2=NO, GO TO D3; OTHERWISE, SKIP TO D4.]

Statement Type	Yogurt Yes (n)	Orange Juice Yes (n)	Pasta Yes (n)
Food-specific health claim	60% (5)	25% (4)	75% (4)
Substance-specific health claim	100% (1)	100% (3)	0% (6)
Nutrient content claim	100% (1)	100% (1)	-- (0)
Structure/function claim	100% (1)	57% (7)	100% (4)
Dietary guidance statement	33% (3)	100% (2)	100% (3)

"n" denotes number of observations.

[IF D3=NO, SKIP TO D5; OTHERWISE, GO TO D4.]

Food-specific health claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 114)	Orange Juice (n = 114)	Pasta (n = 116)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	78 %	0 %	0 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	*	76 %	4 %
Heart disease	*	6 %	75 %
Cancer	*	0 %	0 %
Obesity or overweight	2 %	0 %	*
Diabetes or high blood sugar	0 %	2 %	2 %
Other health problems not on this list	*	*	4 %
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS (food) helps reduce the risk of any health problem	18 %	17 %	17 %
Don't know	3 %	2 %	2 %

Substance-specific health claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 116)	Pasta (n = 110)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	82 %	0 %	0 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	*	81 %	5 %
Heart disease	3 %	7 %	80 %
Cancer	0 %	0 %	0 %
Obesity or overweight	3 %	3 %	3 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	*	2 %	*
Other health problems not on this list	2 %	3 %	3 %
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS (food) helps reduce the risk of any health problem	16 %	15 %	14 %
Don't know	0 %	*	3 %

Nutrient content claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 115)	Orange Juice (n = 118)	Pasta (n = 114)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	25 %	3 %	0 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	2 %	4 %	*
Heart disease	2 %	4 %	5 %
Cancer	*	2 %	0 %
Obesity or overweight	3 %	2 %	*
Diabetes or high blood sugar	2 %	2 %	2 %
Other health problems not on this list	3 %	3 %	*
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS (food) helps reduce the risk of any health problem	72 %	83 %	82 %
Don't know	*	5 %	9 %

Structure/function claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 109)	Pasta (n = 117)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	68 %	2 %	*
Hypertension or high blood pressure	*	77 %	5 %
Heart disease	0 %	7 %	52 %
Cancer	0 %	0 %	0 %
Obesity or overweight	*	2 %	3 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	0 %	4 %	2 %
Other health problems not on this list	*	*	*
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS (food) helps reduce the risk of any health problem	28 %	19 %	41 %
Don't know	3 %	*	4 %

Dietary guidance statement

	Yogurt (n = 109)	Orange Juice (n = 111)	Pasta (n = 115)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	72 %	*	0 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	3 %	82 %	4 %
Heart disease	2 %	4 %	70 %
Cancer	*	0 %	0 %
Obesity or overweight	5 %	0 %	2 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	2 %	0 %	3 %
Other health problems not on this list	3 %	2 %	0 %
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS (food) helps reduce the risk of any health problem	24 %	14 %	26 %
Don't know	*	2 %	3 %

No claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 119)	Orange Juice (n = 112)	Pasta (n = 114)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	3 %	*	2 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	*	4 %	2 %
Heart disease	*	2 %	3 %
Cancer	0 %	*	0 %
Obesity or overweight	*	*	*
Diabetes or high blood sugar	0 %	2 %	2 %
Other health problems not on this list	0 %	2 %	0 %
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS (food) helps reduce the risk of any health problem	88 %	89 %	88 %
Don't know	8 %	3 %	7 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

[IF YES TO THE TARGET HEALTH PROBLEM, SKIP TO D6.  OTHERWISE, GO TO D5.]
[Target health problem: yogurt - osteoporosis/bone problem; orange juice - high blood pressure/hypertension; pasta - heart disease.]

Food-specific health claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 25)	Orange Juice (n = 27)	Pasta (n = 29)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	48 %	7 %	0 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	8 %	15 %	10 %
Heart disease	8 %	11 %	38 %
Cancer	4 %	0 %	0 %
Obesity or overweight	12 %	0 %	3 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	12 %	0 %	3 %
Other health problems not on this list	4 %	7 %	0 %
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS [food] helps reduce the risk of any health problem	24 %	41 %	34 %
Don't know	28 %	30 %	21 %

Substance-specific health claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 21)	Orange Juice (n = 22)	Pasta (n = 22)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	52 %	0 %	0 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	0 %	27 %	5 %
Heart disease	0 %	9 %	27 %
Cancer	0 %	5 %	0 %
Obesity or overweight	0 %	9 %	14 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	0 %	14 %	0 %
Other health problems not on this list	5 %	5 %	5 %
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS [food] helps reduce the risk of any health problem	33 %	23 %	32 %
Don't know	10 %	27 %	27 %

Nutrient content claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 86)	Orange Juice (n = 113)	Pasta (n = 108)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	49 %	14 %	4 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	5 %	10 %	5 %
Heart disease	6 %	16 %	3 %
Cancer	3 %	6 %	*
Obesity or overweight	20 %	9 %	6 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	5 %	7 %	6 %
Other health problems not on this list	10 %	12 %	*
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS [food] helps reduce the risk of any health problem	24 %	23 %	35 %
Don't know	16 %	36 %	55 %

Structure/function claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 37)	Orange Juice (n = 25)	Pasta (n = 56)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	32 %	4 %	4 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	3 %	24 %	9 %
Heart disease	3 %	16 %	25 %
Cancer	0 %	4 %	4 %
Obesity or overweight	11 %	0 %	11 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	0 %	8 %	9 %
Other health problems not on this list	3 %	8 %	4 %
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS [food] helps reduce the risk of any health problem	27 %	44 %	48 %
Don't know	32 %	16 %	20 %

Dietary guidance statement

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 31)	Orange Juice (n = 20)	Pasta (n = 34)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	42 %	15 %	3 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	6 %	20 %	6 %
Heart disease	10 %	10 %	12 %
Cancer	0 %	0 %	3 %
Obesity or overweight	19 %	10 %	3 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	10 %	0 %	3 %
Other health problems not on this list	6 %	10 %	3 %
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS [food] helps reduce the risk of any health problem	23 %	25 %	50 %
Don't know	29 %	40 %	35 %

No claim

Health Problem	Yogurt (n = 115)	Orange Juice (n = 107)	Pasta (n = 111)
Osteoporosis or bone problem	37 %	11 %	6 %
Hypertension or high blood pressure	2 %	10 %	9 %
Heart disease	7 %	21 %	9 %
Cancer	4 %	11 %	2 %
Obesity or overweight	16 %	10 %	7 %
Diabetes or high blood sugar	3 %	11 %	7 %
Other health problems not on this list	9 %	25 %	5 %
The label does not mention or suggest that THIS [food] helps reduce the risk of any health problem	21 %	32 %	48 %
Don't know	32 %	22 %	32 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

[IF YES TO THE TARGET HEALTH PROBLEM, GO TO D6; OTHERWISE, SKIP TO D9.]
[Target health problem: yogurt - osteoporosis/bone problem; orange juice - high blood pressure/hypertension; pasta - heart disease.]

Food-specific health claim

Nutrient	Yogurt (n = 101)	Orange Juice (n = 91)	Pasta (n = 98)
Calcium	79 %	8 %	2 %
Fiber	5 %	3 %	14 %
Iron	9 %	2 %	3 %
Potassium	18 %	22 %	8 %
Lysoton	*	3 %	22 %
Vitamin A	10 %	2 %	2 %
Vitamin C	11 %	34 %	1 %
Other #1	4 %	1 %	4 %
Other #2	0 %	0 %	2 %
None of these	2 %	7 %	9 %
Don't know	7 %	35 %	49 %

Substance-specific health claim

Nutrient	Yogurt (n = 106)	Orange Juice (n = 100)	Pasta (n = 94)
Calcium	92 %	2 %	2 %
Fiber	0 %	1 %	7 %
Iron	*	1 %	5 %
Potassium	10 %	85 %	5 %
Lysoton	0 %	0 %	81 %
Vitamin A	2 %	2 %	2 %
Vitamin C	3 %	11 %	2 %
Other #1	0 %	0 %	2 %
Other #2	0 %	0 %	1 %
None of these	0 %	4 %	3 %
Don't know	3 %	7 %	11 %

Nutrient content claim

Nutrient	Yogurt (n = 71)	Orange Juice (n = 16)	Pasta (n = 9)
Calcium	97 %	25 %	0 %
Fiber	0 %	13 %	22 %
Iron	6 %	13 %	11 %
Potassium	7 %	94 %	11 %
Lysoton	3 %	6 %	78 %
Vitamin A	3 %	13 %	11 %
Vitamin C	6 %	31 %	11 %
Other #1	0 %	0 %	0 %
Other #2	0 %	0 %	0 %
None of these	0 %	0 %	11 %
Don't know	0 %	0 %	0 %

Structure/function claim

Nutrient	Yogurt (n = 91)	Orange Juice (n = 90)	Pasta (n = 75)
Calcium	91 %	6 %	3 %
Fiber	1 %	3 %	19 %
Iron	7 %	2 %	5 %
Potassium	15 %	33 %	5 %
Lysoton	0 %	1 %	24 %
Vitamin A	7 %	7 %	3 %
Vitamin C	9 %	40 %	0 %
Other #1	1 %	4 %	7 %
Other #2	0 %	0 %	1 %
None of these	0 %	6 %	7 %
Don't know	4 %	36 %	43 %

Dietary guidance statement

Nutrient	Yogurt (n = 91)	Orange Juice (n = 95)	Pasta (n = 85)
Calcium	85 %	11 %	1 %
Fiber	1 %	5 %	14 %
Iron	4 %	4 %	7 %
Potassium	16 %	33 %	7 %
Lysoton	1 %	1 %	12 %
Vitamin A	1 %	7 %	2 %
Vitamin C	5 %	39 %	2 %
Other #1	3 %	1 %	8 %
Other #2	0 %	0 %	2 %
None of these	3 %	6 %	13 %
Don't know	7 %	33 %	51 %

No claim

Nutrient	Yogurt (n = 46)	Orange Juice (n = 16)	Pasta (n = 13)
Calcium	96 %	13 %	8 %
Fiber	2 %	13 %	54 %
Iron	4 %	13 %	23 %
Potassium	17 %	38 %	23 %
Lysoton	2 %	0 %	15 %
Vitamin A	4 %	6 %	31 %
Vitamin C	4 %	31 %	31 %
Other #1	7 %	13 %	23 %
Other #2	0 %	0 %	8 %
None of these	0 %	6 %	8 %
Don't know	0 %	31 %	0 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

[IF YES TO TARGET NUTRIENT, GO TO D7.  OTHERWISE, SKIP TO D8.]
[Target nutrient:  yogurt - calcium; orange juice - potassium; pasta - lysoton.]

Food-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 80)	Orange Juice (n = 20)	Pasta (n = 22)
Yes	98 %	90 %	36 %
No	0 %	0 %	5 %
Don't know	3 %	10 %	59 %

Substance-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 97)	Orange Juice (n = 85)	Pasta (n = 76)
Yes	98 %	95 %	46 %
No	2 %	1 %	0 %
Don't know	0 %	4 %	54 %

Nutrient content claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 69)	Orange Juice (n = 15)	Pasta (n = 7)
Yes	99 %	100 %	29 %
No	0 %	0 %	0 %
Don't know	1 %	0 %	71 %

Structure/function claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 83)	Orange Juice (n = 30)	Pasta (n = 18)
Yes	99 %	100 %	39 %
No	1 %	0 %	0 %
Don't know	0 %	0 %	61 %

Dietary guidance statement

Answer	Yogurt (n = 77)	Orange Juice (n = 31)	Pasta (n = 10)
Yes	96 %	97 %	50 %
No	3 %	0 %	20 %
Don't know	1 %	3 %	30 %

No claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 44)	Orange Juice (n = 6)	Pasta (n = 2)
Yes	98 %	100 %	50 %
No	0 %	0 %	0 %
Don't know	2 %	0 %	50 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

Food-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 101)	Orange Juice (n = 91)	Pasta (n = 98)
Yes	89 %	56 %	70 %
No	3 %	2 %	1 %
Don't know	8 %	42 %	29 %

Substance-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 106)	Orange Juice (n = 100)	Pasta (n = 94)
Yes	92 %	84 %	73 %
No	0 %	1 %	0 %
Don't know	8 %	15 %	27 %

Nutrient content claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 71)	Orange Juice (n = 16)	Pasta (n = 9)
Yes	96 %	94 %	78 %
No	0 %	0 %	0 %
Don't know	4 %	6 %	22 %

Structure/function claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 91)	Orange Juice (n = 90)	Pasta (n = 75)
Yes	92 %	57 %	84 %
No	0 %	2 %	0 %
Don't know	8 %	41 %	16 %

Dietary guidance statement

Answer	Yogurt (n = 91)	Orange Juice (n = 95)	Pasta (n = 85)
Yes	96 %	65 %	79 %
No	1 %	2 %	0 %
Don't know	3 %	33 %	21 %

No claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 46)	Orange Juice (n = 16)	Pasta (n = 13)
Yes	96 %	75 %	92 %
No	0 %	0 %	0 %
Don't know	4 %	25 %	8 %

"n"denotes number of observations.

Food-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 117)	Pasta (n = 117)
Very helpful	24 %	13 %	16 %
Somewhat helpful	51 %	47 %	42 %
Somewhat not helpful	12 %	12 %	15 %
Not helpful at all	9 %	25 %	24 %
Don't know	4 %	3 %	3 %

Substance-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 116)	Pasta (n = 116)
Very helpful	24 %	21 %	27 %
Somewhat helpful	54 %	56 %	45 %
Somewhat not helpful	9 %	9 %	10 %
Not helpful at all	11 %	13 %	17 %
Don't know	*	2 %	*

Nutrient content claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 115)	Orange Juice (n = 118)	Pasta (n = 114)
Very helpful	11 %	7 %	0 %
Somewhat helpful	37 %	23 %	15 %
Somewhat not helpful	14 %	16 %	10 %
Not helpful at all	37 %	51 %	66 %
Don't know	*	3 %	10 %

Structure/function content claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 112)	Pasta (n = 117)
Very helpful	19 %	23 %	11 %
Somewhat helpful	43 %	35 %	29 %
Somewhat not helpful	16 %	11 %	16 %
Not helpful at all	21 %	28 %	39 %
Don't know	*	4 %	4 %

Dietary guidance statement

Answer	Yogurt (n = 111)	Orange Juice (n = 111)	Pasta (n = 115)
Very helpful	21 %	15 %	9 %
Somewhat helpful	47 %	49 %	39 %
Somewhat not helpful	14 %	20 %	15 %
Not helpful at all	14 %	14 %	33 %
Don't know	4 %	2 %	4 %

No claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 119)	Orange Juice (n = 112)	Pasta (n = 114)
Very helpful	4 %	*	3 %
Somewhat helpful	21 %	13 %	13 %
Somewhat not helpful	8 %	16 %	11 %
Not helpful at all	59 %	68 %	67 %
Don't know	8 %	3 %	7 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

Food-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 117)	Pasta (n = 117)
1 Very likely	13 %	13 %	5 %
2	19 %	11 %	9 %
3	28 %	22 %	26 %
4	23 %	19 %	26 %
5	4 %	14 %	11 %
6 very unlikely	7 %	12 %	14 %
Don't know	5 %	9 %	9 %

Substance-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 116)	Pasta (n = 116)
1 Very likely	16 %	9 %	11 %
2	15 %	16 %	14 %
3	28 %	34 %	18 %
4	25 %	22 %	28 %
5	8 %	9 %	11 %
6 very unlikely	7 %	5 %	12 %
Don't know	2 %	3 %	5 %

Nutrient content claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 115)	Orange Juice (n = 118)	Pasta (n = 114)
1 Very likely	9 %	5 %	0 %
2	9 %	6 %	6 %
3	35 %	15 %	9 %
4	23 %	12 %	9 %
5	9 %	14 %	9 %
6 very unlikely	9 %	29 %	36 %
Don't know	7 %	19 %	32 %

Structure/function content claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 112)	Pasta (n = 117)
1 Very likely	14 %	15 %	3 %
2	15 %	11 %	9 %
3	21 %	20 %	14 %
4	27 %	20 %	38 %
5	8 %	10 %	8 %
6 very unlikely	9 %	17 %	18 %
Don't know	7 %	8 %	11 %

Dietary guidance statement

Answer	Yogurt (n = 111)	Orange Juice (n = 111)	Pasta (n = 115)
1 Very likely	11 %	6 %	6 %
2	17 %	9 %	8 %
3	27 %	32 %	15 %
4	23 %	29 %	28 %
5	10 %	9 %	12 %
6 very unlikely	7 %	9 %	24 %
Don't know	5 %	6 %	7 %

No claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 119)	Orange Juice (n = 112)	Pasta (n = 114)
1 Very likely	11 %	*	2 %
2	9 %	3 %	4 %
3	18 %	13 %	11 %
4	25 %	13 %	16 %
5	8 %	14 %	13 %
6 very unlikely	17 %	36 %	40 %
Don't know	12 %	21 %	14 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

Food-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 117)	Pasta (n = 117)
Very helpful	18 %	12 %	14 %
Somewhat helpful	45 %	38 %	36 %
Somewhat not helpful	9 %	13 %	15 %
Not helpful at all	23 %	33 %	32 %
Don't know	5 %	3 %	3 %

Substance-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 116)	Pasta (n = 116)
Very helpful	23 %	15 %	20 %
Somewhat helpful	40 %	49 %	42 %
Somewhat not helpful	17 %	9 %	10 %
Not helpful at all	19 %	21 %	25 %
Don't know	*	6 %	3 %

Nutrient content claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 115)	Orange Juice (n = 118)	Pasta (n = 114)
Very helpful	5 %	8 %	4 %
Somewhat helpful	48 %	26 %	15 %
Somewhat not helpful	12 %	15 %	13 %
Not helpful at all	34 %	50 %	62 %
Don't know	*	*	5 %

Structure/function content claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 112)	Pasta (n = 117)
Very helpful	14 %	23 %	5 %
Somewhat helpful	42 %	31 %	38 %
Somewhat not helpful	16 %	13 %	17 %
Not helpful at all	26 %	29 %	39 %
Don't know	2 %	4 %	*

Dietary guidance statement

Answer	Yogurt (n = 111)	Orange Juice (n = 111)	Pasta (n = 115)
Very helpful	16 %	13 %	9 %
Somewhat helpful	47 %	44 %	29 %
Somewhat not helpful	14 %	19 %	19 %
Not helpful at all	21 %	23 %	41 %
Don't know	3 %	2 %	3 %

No claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 119)	Orange Juice (n = 112)	Pasta (n = 114)
Very helpful	10 %	5 %	7 %
Somewhat helpful	30 %	21 %	18 %
Somewhat not helpful	9 %	23 %	14 %
Not helpful at all	45 %	47 %	58 %
Don't know	5 %	3 %	3 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

Food-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 117)	Pasta (n = 117)
1 Very likely	11 %	12 %	12 %
2	18 %	16 %	15 %
3	25 %	19 %	22 %
4	20 %	32 %	28 %
5	4 %	11 %	12 %
6 very unlikely	16 %	9 %	7 %
Don't know	5 %	2 %	4 %

Substance-specific health claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 116)	Pasta (n = 116)
1 Very likely	21 %	10 %	19 %
2	11 %	17 %	17 %
3	24 %	31 %	19 %
4	21 %	22 %	25 %
5	8 %	8 %	9 %
6 very unlikely	12 %	9 %	9 %
Don't know	3 %	2 %	3 %

Nutrient content claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 115)	Orange Juice (n = 118)	Pasta (n = 114)
1 Very likely	10 %	9 %	6 %
2	16 %	11 %	8 %
3	23 %	12 %	13 %
4	25 %	28 %	29 %
5	12 %	18 %	18 %
6 very unlikely	9 %	19 %	18 %
Don't know	4 %	3 %	8 %

Structure/function claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 116)	Orange Juice (n = 112)	Pasta (n = 117)
1 Very likely	15 %	19 %	10 %
2	13 %	18 %	11 %
3	18 %	15 %	27 %
4	28 %	20 %	33 %
5	7 %	13 %	13 %
6 very unlikely	16 %	13 %	4 %
Don't know	3 %	3 %	*

Dietary guidance statement

Answer	Yogurt (n = 111)	Orange Juice (n = 111)	Pasta (n = 115)
1 Very likely	8 %	14 %	10 %
2	14 %	10 %	13 %
3	27 %	32 %	18 %
4	25 %	18 %	30 %
5	14 %	14 %	10 %
6 very unlikely	9 %	10 %	11 %
Don't know	3 %	3 %	7 %

No claim

Answer	Yogurt (n = 119)	Orange Juice (n = 112)	Pasta (n = 114)
1 Very likely	10 %	4 %	4 %
2	4 %	12 %	7 %
3	18 %	13 %	23 %
4	21 %	26 %	30 %
5	15 %	18 %	15 %
6 very unlikely	28 %	21 %	16 %
Don't know	3 %	5 %	6 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

Results for D13 - D24, which repeat D1 - D12 for the second food tested, have been combined with results for D1 - D12.

Answer	Yogurt (n = 350)	Orange Juice (n = 347)	Pasta (n = 339)
High	3 %	9 %	1 %
Moderately high	23 %	33 %	8 %
Neither high nor low	34 %	27 %	24 %
Moderately low	23 %	14 %	28 %
Low	6 %	6 %	30 %
Don't know	11 %	12 %	10 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

[IF DON'T KNOW, SKIP TO E1.]

Reason	Yogurt (n = 313)	Orange Juice (n = 305)	Pasta (n = 306)
My answer was based on the label I saw	73 %	69 %	77 %
That is how much [NUTRIENT] I think [FOOD]s generally have	24 %	26 %	19 %
Neither of the above; specify	3 %	4 %	2 %
Don't know	4 %	5 %	4 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

[IF "MY ANSWER WAS BASED ON THE LABEL I SAW," GO TO D27; OTHERWISE, SKIP TO E1.]

Label Part	Yogurt (n = 227)	Orange Juice (n = 211)	Pasta (n = 237)
Front panel	1 %	*	0 %
Nutrition Facts box	32 %	47 %	33 %
Amount of nutrient	43 %	43 %	43 %
% Daily value	61 %	35 %	64 %
Ingredient list	7 %	9 %	7 %
Don't know	*	0 %	*

"n" denotes number of respondents.

SECTION E. Food Purchase Experience and Selection Criteria

[REMOVE LABEL.]

Answer	Yogurt (n = 693)	Orange Juice (n = 686)	Pasta (n = 693)
All	56 %	57 %	68 %
Most	10 %	15 %	17 %
Some	8 %	9 %	11 %
None	1 %	2 %	1 %
Never buy	9 %	7 %	2 %
Never eat or drink	16 %	9 %	*
Don't know	*	0 %	*

"n" denotes number of observations.

[IF "ALL," "MOST," OR "SOME," GO TO E2. OTHERWISE, SKIP TO F1.]

I only buy the [food]s that are on sale

Answer	Yogurt (n = 511)	Orange Juice (n = 563)	Pasta (n = 662)
Strongly agree	12 %	10 %	11 %
Somewhat agree	28 %	31 %	29 %
Somewhat disagree	23 %	25 %	23 %
Strongly disagree	36 %	33 %	36 %
Don't know	*	*	*

I only buy the [food]s that are familiar to me

Answer	Yogurt (n = 511)	Orange Juice (n = 563)	Pasta (n = 662)
Strongly agree	27 %	27 %	21 %
Somewhat agree	47 %	46 %	46 %
Somewhat disagree	15 %	18 %	20 %
Strongly disagree	11 %	8 %	12 %
Don't know	*	*	*

I only buy the [food]s that tell their health benefits on the package

Answer	Yogurt (n = 511)	Orange Juice (n = 563)	Pasta (n = 662)
Strongly agree	18 %	17 %	10 %
Somewhat agree	31 %	31 %	30 %
Somewhat disagree	31 %	30 %	31 %
Strongly disagree	19 %	21 %	26 %
Don't know	3 %	2 %	2 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

SECTION F. Health status

(n = 1036)

Health Problem	Yes	No	Don't know	Prefer not to answer
Cancer	7 %	92 %	1 %	*
Diabetes	13 %	85 %	1 %	*
Heart disease	7 %	92 %	1 %	*
High blood pressure	35 %	63 %	1 %	*
High cholesterol	36 %	62 %	1 %	*
Liver-related problem	3 %	95 %	2 %	*
Obesity or overweight	34 %	64 %	1 %	*
Osteoporosis or bone problem	15 %	83 %	2 %	*
Stroke	3 %	95 %	1 %	*

"n" denotes number of respondents.

[ASK F2 FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT RECEIVED A "NO" OR "DON"T KNOW," BUT NOT "PREFER NOT TO ANSWER," IN F1.]

Health Problem	Yes	No	Don't know	Prefer not to answer
Cancer (n = 963)	7 %	66 %	26 %	0 %
Diabetes (n = 898)	11 %	69 %	20 %	0 %
Heart disease (n = 961)	15 %	60 %	25 %	0 %
High blood pressure (n = 667)	10 %	71 %	19 %	0 %
High cholesterol (n = 655)	9 %	70 %	20 %	0 %
Liver-related problem (n = 1003)	2 %	80 %	18 %	0 %
Obesity or overweight (n = 682)	8 %	79 %	12 %	*
Osteoporosis or bone problem (n = 873)	10 %	70 %	20 %	0 %
Stroke (n = 999)	6 %	68 %	26 %	0 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Range of Height	4 ft 6 in — 6 ft 6 in
Prefer not to answer	*

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Range of Weight	90 lb — 392 lb
Prefer not to answer	6 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Answer	(n = 1036)
Overweight	67 %
Underweight	2 %
About the right weight	30 %
Don't know	1 %
Prefer not to answer	*

"n" denotes number of respondents.

SECTION G. Internet experience and demographics

Modem	(n = 1036)
56k or lower	27 %
High-speed, including broadband, cable, DSL, ADSL, T1, T3, ISDN	65 %
Other	*
Don't know	8 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Level of School	(n = 1036)
0 - 11 years or grades	2 %
12 years, high school graduate, or GED	42 %
1-3 years of college or associate degree	28 %
4 years of college or college graduate	20 %
Postgraduate, masters, doctorate, law degree, MD	8 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Age	(n = 1036)
18 - 34 years old	10 %
35 - 54 years old	38 %
55 + years old	52 %
Mean age = 53 years

Age = 2006 - response.

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Gender	(n = 1036)
Female	77 %
Male	23 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

	Yes (n = 1036)
Hispanic or Latino origin	5 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

Race	(n = 1036)
White	90 %
Black or African American	7 %
Asian	2 %
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	*
American Indian or Alaskan Native	3 %

"n" denotes number of respondents.

[SHOW THE FOLLOWING TO RESPONDENTS ASSIGNED TO ANY CONDITION RELATED TO PASTA.]

This study has talked about something called LYSOTON. Please note that LYSOTON does not exist. The term is included in this study to assess people's reactions to food labels if there is an unfamiliar or unknown nutrient mentioned on the label.

Answer	(n = 634)
Yes	96 %
No	4 %

"n" denotes number of observations.

Thank you. These are all the questions in this study. We hope you have enjoyed your participation in the study.

END OF STUDY

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