Watershed Contamination from Hard-Rock Mining — Hardrock Mining in Rocky Mountain Terrain — Upper Arkansas River, Colorado

Ball, J.W., Nordstrom, D.K., and Runkel, R.L., 2000,

Reactive and non-reactive transport modeling for Wightman Fork, Summitville Mine, Colorado--Application of the OTIS/OTEQ model to a low-flow synoptic study, in Proceedings from the Fifth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Denver, Colorado, May 21-24, 2000: Littleton, Colo., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, v. 1 of 2, p. 125-134.

Ball, J.W., Runkel, R.L., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2004,

Evaluating remedial alternatives for the Alamosa River and Wightman Fork, near Summitville Mine, Colorado--Application of a reactive transport model to low- and high-flow simulations, in Zannetti, P., ed., Environmental Sciences and Environmental Computing: The EnviroComp Institute, v. II, p. 1-54.

Ball, J.W., Runkel, R.L., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2001,

Reactive transport modeling at high-flow - Wightman Fork/Alamosa River, USA, in Cidu, R., ed., Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Water - Rock Interaction, Villasimius, Italy, July 10-15, 2001: A.A. Balkema Publishers, v. 2, p. 1181-1184.

Ball, J.W., Runkel, R.L., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1999,

Transport modeling of reactive and non-reactive constituents from Summitville, Colorado--Preliminary results from the application of the OTIS/OTEQ model to the Wightman Fork/Alamosa River System, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 305-311.

Bencala, K.E., 2000,

Invited Commentary--Hyporheic zone hydrological processes: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 15, p. 2797-2798, doi:10.1002/1099-1085(20001030)14:15<2797::AID-HYP402>3.0.CO;2-6.

Bencala, K.E., 1993,

A perspective on stream-catchment connections: Journal of North American Benthological Society, v. 12, p. 44-47.

Bencala, K.E., Kimball, B.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1991,

Use of variation in solute concentration to identify interactions of the substream zone with instream transport, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 377-379.

Bencala, K.E., McKnight, D.M., Zellweger, G.W., and Kimball, B.A., 1988,

Monitoring acidic streams for transport studies, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 119-124.

Bencala, K.E., and Ortiz, R.F., 1999,

Theory and(or) reality--Analysis of sulfate mass-balance at Summitville, Colorado, poses process questions about the estimation of metal loadings, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 119-122.

Bencala, K.E., and Walters, R.A., 1983,

Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream--A transient storage model: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 718-724, doi:10.1029/WR019i003p00718.

Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G., May, T.W., Church, S.E., and Kimball, B.A., 2001,

Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Upper Animas River Watershed, Colorado: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 48-59, doi:10.1007/s002440010147.

Boughton, G.K., 2001,

Metal loading in Soda Butte Creek upstream of Yellowstone National Park, Montana and Wyoming--A retrospective analysis of previous research; and quantification of metal loading, August 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4170, 68 p.

Boyer, E.W., Hornberger, G.M., Bencala, K.E., and McKnight, D.M., 2000,

Effects of asynchronous snowmelt on flushing of dissolved organic carbon--A mixing model approach: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 18, p. 3291-3308, doi:10.1002/1099-1085(20001230)14:18<3291::AID-HYP202>3.0.CO;2-2.

Boyer, E.W., Hornberger, G.M., Bencala, K.E., and McKnight, D.M., 1997,

Response characteristics of DOC flushing in an alpine catchment: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 12, p. 1635-1647, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19971015)11:12<1635::AID-HYP494>3.0.CO;2-H.

Boyer, E.W., McKnight, D.M., Bencala, K.E., Brooks, P.D., Anthony, M.W., Zellweger, G.W., and Harnish, R.E., 1999,

Streamflow and water quality characteristics for the Upper Snake River and Deer Creek Catchments in Summit County, Colorado--Water years 1980 to 1990: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Occasional Paper 53, 81 p (+ diskett).

Breault, R.F., Colman, J.A., Aiken, G.R., and McKnight, D.M., 1996,

Copper speciation and binding by organic matter in copper-contaminated streamwater: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 12, p. 3477-3486, doi:10.1021/es9601301.

Brooks, P.D., McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 2001,

Annual maxima in zinc concentrations during spring snowmelt in streams impacted by mine drainage: Environmental Geology, v. 40, no. 11-12, p. 1447-1454, doi:10.1007/s002540100338.

Brooks, P.D., McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1999,

The relationship between soil heterotrophic activity, soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leachate, and catchment-scale DOC export in headwater catchments: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1895-1902, 1998WR900125, doi:10.1029/1998WR900125.

Broshears, R.E., 1996,

Reactive solute transport in acidic streams: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 195-204.

Broshears, R.E., Bencala, K.E., Kimball, B.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1992,

Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain streams, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4081, 18 p.

Broshears, R.E., Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 1996,

Simulation of reactive transport during a pH modification experiment in a mountain stream affected by acid mine drainage, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 781-788.

Broshears, R.E., Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 1995,

Interpreting spatial profiles of concentration in acid mine drainage streams, in Hotchkiss, W.R., Downey, J.S., Gutentag, E.D., and Moore, J.E., eds., Water resources at risk, Denver, Colo.: Minneapolis, Minnesota, American Institute of Hydrology, p. LL-10-21.

Broshears, R.E., Runkel, R.L., and Kimball, B.A., 1994,

Development and application of a reactive solute transport model for trace metals in mountain streams, in Dutton, A.R., ed., Toxic Substances and the Hydrologic Sciences--Proceedings of the conference, Austin, Texas, April 10-13, 1994: Minneapolis, Minn., American Institute of Hydrology, p. 19-34.

Broshears, R.E., Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., Bencala, K.E., and McKnight, D.M., 1996,

Reactive solute transport in an acidic stream--Experimental pH increase and simulation of controls on pH, aluminum, and iron: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 30, no. 10, p. 3016-24, doi:10.1021/es960055u.

Callender, E., Ficklin, W.H., Kimball, B.A., and Edelmann, P.R., 1989,

Heavy-metal geochemistry of sediments in the Pueblo Reservoir, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 81-91.

Callender, E., Kimball, B.A., and Axtmann, E.V., 1991,

Transition metal geochemistry of the Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 392-397.

Chapra, S.C., and Runkel, R.L., 1999,

Modeling impact of storage zones on stream dissolved oxygen: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 125, no. 5, p. 415-419.

Church, S.E., Kimball, B.A., Fey, D.L., Ferderer, D.A., Yager, T.J., and Vaughn, R.B., 1997,

Source, transport, and partitioning of metals between water, colloids, and bed sediments of the Animas River, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-151, 1-135 p.

Erickson, B.M., 1988,

Status report on a study of the effects of acid mine drainage on vegetation near Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 649-651.

Erickson, B.M., Briggs, P.H., Kennedy, K.R., and Peacock, T.R., 1991,

Analytical results for sedge samples collected on the wetland receiving acid mind drainage waters from St. Kevin Gulch, Leadville, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-126, 83 p.

Erickson, B.M., Briggs, P.H., Kennedy, K.R., and Peacock, T.R., 1991,

Chemical composition of the wetland vegetation receiving the acid mine-drainage water of St. Kevin Gulch, Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 419-421.

Erickson, B.M., Briggs, P.H., and Peacock, T.R., 1996,

Metal concentrations in sedges in a wetland receiving acidic mine drainage from St. Kevin Gulch, Leadville, Colorado, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 797-804.

Fitzpatrick, J.J., 1989,

Mineralogy of flocculant constituents in St. Kevin Gulch, Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 606.

Gerner, L.J., Rossi, F.J., and Kimball, B.K., 2002,

Selected hydrologic data for Little Cottonwood Creek, Salt Lake County, Utah, September 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-38, 2 sheets (on CD) p.

Gooseff, M.N., McKnight, D.M., Runkel, R.L., and Duff, J.H., 2004,

Denitrification and hydrologic transient storage in a glacial meltwater stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1884-1895.

Gooseff, M.N., McKnight, D.M., Runkel, R.L., and Vaughn, B.H., 2003,

Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 9, p. 1691-1710, doi:10.1002/hyp.1210.

Harvey, J.W., and Bencala, K.E., 1993,

The effect of streambed topography on surface-subsurface water exchange in mountain catchments: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 89-98, 92WR01960, doi:10.1029/92WR01960.

Harvey, J.W., Bencala, K.E., and Zellweger, G.W., 1991,

Preliminary investigation of the effect of hillslope hydrology on the mechanics of solute exchange between streams and subsurface gravel zones, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 413-418.

Harvey, J.W., Wagner, B.J., and Bencala, K.E., 1996,

Evaluating the reliability of the stream tracer approach to characterize stream-subsurface water exchange: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 8, p. 2441-51, 96WR01268, doi:10.1029/96WR01268.

Hinkle, S.R., Duff, J.H., Triska, F.J., Laenen, A., Gates, E.B., Bencala, K.E., Wentz, D.A., and Silva, S.R., 2001,

Linking hyporheic flow and nitrogen cycling near the Willamette River - a large river in Oregon, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 244, no. 3-4, p. 157-180, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00335-3.

Jones, C.A., Nimick, D.A., and McCleskey, R.B., 2004,

Relative effect of temperature and pH on diel cycling of dissolved trace elements in Prickly Pear Creek, Montana: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 153, no. 1-4, p. 95-113, doi:10.1023/B:WATE.0000019934.64939.f0.

Keefe, S.H., Barber, L.B., Runkel, R.L., and Ryan, J.N., 2004,

Fate of volatile organic compounds in constructed wastewater treatment wetlands: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 7, p. 2209-2216, doi:10.1021/es034661i.

Keefe, S.H., Barber, L.B., Runkel, R.L., Ryan, J.N., McKnight, D.M., and Wass, R.K., 2004,

Conservative and reactive solute transport in constructed wetlands: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 1, W01201, doi:10.1029/2003WR002130.

Kelley, K.D., Eppinger, R.G., and Walton-Day, K., 2002,

Selected geochemical studies related to mineral deposits by the U.S. Geological Survey: Explore Newsletter, Society of Exploration Geochemists, v. 116, p. 1-23.

Kimball, B.A., 1999,

Seasonal variation in metal concentrations in a stream affected by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado (Chapter 22), in Filipek, L.H., and Plumlee, G.S., eds., The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits--Part B, Case Studies and Research Topics: Littleton, Colo., The Society of Economic Geologists, p. 467-477.

Kimball, B.A., 1997,

Use of tracer injections and synoptic sampling to measure metal loading from acid mine drainage: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-245-96, 4 p.

Kimball, B.A., 1996,

Past and present research on metal transport in St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 753-758.

Kimball, B.A., 1991,

Physical, chemical, and biological processes in waters affected by acid mine drainage--From headwater streams to downstream reservoirs, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 365-370.

Kimball, B.A., 1988,

Overview of the upper Arkansas River surface-water toxics study near Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 99-102.

Kimball, B.A., Bencala, K.E., and Broshears, R.E., 1994,

Geochemical processes in the context of hydrologic transport, in Dutton, A.R., ed., Toxic Substances and the Hydrologic Sciences--Proceedings of the conference, Austin, Texas, April 10-13, 1994: Minneapolis, Minn., American Institute of Hydrology, p. 80-94.

Kimball, B.A., Bencala, K.E., and McKnight, D.M., 1989,

Research on metals in acid mine drainage in the Leadville, Colorado, area, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 65-70.

Kimball, B.A., Bencala, K.E., McKnight, D.M., and Maura, W.S., 1988,

Geochemistry of dissolved metals in St. Kevin Gulch, an acidic mountain stream near Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 137-144.

Kimball, B.A., Bencala, K.E., and Runkel, R.L., 2000,

Quantifying effects of metal loading from mine drainage, in Proceedings from the Fifth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Denver, Colorado, May 21-24, 2000: Littleton, Colo., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, p. 1381-1389.

Kimball, B.A., Broshears, R.E., Bencala, K.E., and McKnight, D.M., 1994,

Coupling of hydrologic transport and chemical reactions in a stream affected by acid mine drainage: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 12, p. 2065-73, doi:10.1021/es00061a014.

Kimball, B.A., Broshears, R.E., Bencala, K.E., and McKnight, D.M., 1991,

Comparison of rates of hydrologic and chemical processes in a stream affected by acid mine drainage, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 407-412.

Kimball, B.A., Broshears, R.E., McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1994,

Effects of instream pH modification on transport of sulfide-oxidation products, in Alpers, C.N., and Blowes, D.W., eds., Environmental chemistry of sulfide oxidation: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 550, p. 224-243.

Kimball, B.A., Broshears, R.E., McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1993,

Preliminary evaluation of the effects of an instream pH modification on transport of sulfide-oxidation products, in Alpers, C.N., and Blowes, D.W., eds., Environmental Chemistry of Sulfide Oxidation: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society ACS Symposium Series 550, p. 224-243.

Kimball, B.A., Callender, E., and Axtmann, E.V., 1995,

Effects of colloids on metal transport in a river receiving acid mine drainage, Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 3, p. 285-306, doi:10.1016/0883-2927(95)00011-8.

Kimball, B.A., Johnson, K.K., Runkel, R.L., and Steiger, J.I., 2004,

Quantification of metal loading to Silver Creek through the Silver Maple Claims area, Park City, Utah, May 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4296, 39 p.

Kimball, B.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1989,

Metal partitioning and photoreduction of iron in filtrates of acid streamwater, St. Kevin Gulch, Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 93-100.

Kimball, B.A., McKnight, D.M., Broshears, R.E., and Bencala, K.E., 1992,

Effect of instream pH modification on aluminum, in Kharaka, Y.K., and Maest, A.S., eds., Low temperature environments, v. 1 of Water-rock interaction--Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction--WRI-7, Park City Utah, July 13-18, 1992: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 393-396.

Kimball, B.A., McKnight, D.M., Wetherbee, G.A., and Harnish, R.A., 1992,

Mechanisms of iron photoreduction in a metal-rich, acidic stream (St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, USA): Chemical Geology, v. 96, no. 1-2, p. 227-239, doi:10.1016/0009-2541(92)90130-W.

Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R.L., and Gerner, L.J., 2001,

Quantification of mine-drainage inflows to Little Cottonwood Creek, Utah, using a tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling study: Environmental Geology, v. 40, p. 1390-1404, doi:10.1007/s002540100320.

Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R.L., and Gerner, L.J., 1999,

Quantification of metal loading in French Gulch, Summit County, Colorado, using a tracer-injection study, July 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4078, 38 p.

Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R.L., and Walton-Day, K., 2004,

Evaluation of remediation alternatives in streams affected by acidic, metal-rich drainage, in Wanty, R.B., and Seal III, R.R., eds., Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction WRI-II, Saratoga Springs, New York, June 27-July 2, 2004: A.A. Balkema, p. 1551-1555.

Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R.L., and Walton-Day, K., 2003,

Use of field-scale experiments and reactive transport modeling to evaluate remediation alternatives in streams affected by acid mine drainage, in Jambor, J.L., Blowes, D.W., and Ritchie, A.I.M., eds., Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes: Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series, v. 31, p. 261-282.

Kimball, B.A., Runkel, R.L., Walton-Day, K., and Bencala, K.E., 2002,

Assessment of metal loads in watersheds affected by acid mine drainage by using tracer injection and synoptic sampling--Cement Creek, Colorado, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 9, p. 1183-1207, doi:10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00017-3.

Kimball, B.A., and Wetherbee, G.A., 1989,

Instream chemical reactions of acid mine water entering a neutral stream near Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 71-79.

Laenan, A., and Bencala, K.E., 2001,

Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 367-377, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00975.x.

Lewis, M.E., and Clark, M.L., 1997,

How does streamflow affect metals in the Upper Arkansas River?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-226-96, 4 p.

McKnight, D.M., 1988,

Metal-tolerant algae in St. Kevein Gulch, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 113-118.

McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1990,

The chemistry of iron, aluminum, and dissolved organic material in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, as controlled by watershed and in-stream processes: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 12, p. 3087-3100, 90WR01510, doi:10.1029/WR026i012p03087.

McKnight, D.M., Bencala, K.E., Harnish, R.A., and Runkel, R.L., 1996,

Difficulties with intermediate-scale experiments for studies of iron chemistry in streams affected by acidic mine drainage, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 789-796.

McKnight, D.M., Kimball, B.A., and Bencala, K.E., 1988,

Iron photoreduction and oxidation in an acidic mountain stream: Science, v. 240, p. 637-640.

McKnight, D.M., Kimball, B.A., and Bencala, K.E., 1988,

Photoreduction of hydrous iron oxides in acidic mountain streams in Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 131-136.

McKnight, D.M., Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 2001,

pH dependence of iron photoreduction in a Rocky Mountain stream affected by acid mine drainage: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 10, p. 1979-1992, doi:10.1002/hyp.251.

McKnight, D.M., Ranville, J.F., and Harnish, R.A., 1991,

Particulate and colloidal organic material and associated trace metals in Pueblo Reservoir, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 428-433.

McKnight, D.M., Runkel, R.L., Tate, C.M., Duff, J.H., and Moorhead, D.L., 2004,

Inorganic N and P dynamics of Antarctic glacial meltwater streams as controlled by hyporheic exchange and benthic autotrophic communities: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 23, no. 2, p. 171-188.

Miller, C.L., 1988,

Microbiology of the Arkansas River near Leadville, Colorado--Preliminary study, 1986, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 111-112.

Nimick, D.A., 2003,

Diurnal variation in trace-metal concentrations in streams: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 086-03, 4 p.

Niyogi, D.K., Lewis, W.M., Jr., and McKnight, D.M., 2002,

Effects of stress from mine drainage on diversity, biomass, and function of primary producers in mountain streams: Ecosystems, v. 5, no. 6, p. 554-567.

Niyogi, D.K., McKinght, D.M., and Lewis, W.M., Jr., 2002,

Effects of mine drainage on breakdown of aspen litter in mountain streams: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution--Focus, v. 2, p. 329-341.

Niyogi, D.K., McKnight, D.M., Lewis, W.M., Jr, and Kimball, B.A., 1999,

Experimental diversion of acid mine drainage and the effects on a headwater stream, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 123-130.

Niyogi, D.K., McKnight, D.M., and Lewis, W.M., Jr., 1999,

Influences of water and substrate quality for periphyton in a montane stream affected by acid mine drainage: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 3, part 2, p. 804-809.

Nordlund, B.D., and Kimball, B.A., 1989,

Metal loadings into the Arkansas River from the Leadville, Colorado area, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 605.

Ortiz, R.F., and Bencala, K.E., 2001,

Determination of instream metal loads using tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling techniques in Wightman Fork, southwestern Colorado, September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4154, 26 p.

Ortiz, R.F., von Guerard, P.B., and Walton-Day, K., 1995,

Effect of a localized rainstorm on the water quality of the Alamosa River upstream from Terrace Reservoir, south-central Colorado, August 9-10, 1993, in Posey, H.H., Pendleton, J.A., and Van Zyl, D., eds., Colorado Geological Survey Summitville Forum '95: Colorado Geological Survey Special Publication 38, p. 178-182.

Paschke, S.S., Harrison, W.J., and Walton-Day, K., 2002,

Effects of acid recharge on groundwater at the St. Kevin Gulch site, Leadville, Colorado: Geochemistry, Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 1, no. 1, p. 3-14.

Peiffer, S., Walton-Day, K., and Macalady, D.L., 1999,

The interaction of natural organic matter with iron in a wetland (Tennessee Park, Colorado) receiving acid mine drainage: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 5, p. 207-223.

Ranville, J.F., 1992,

Factors influencing the electrophoretic mobility of suspended sediments in acid mine drainage: Golden, Colorado School of Mines, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation (T-4213), 270 p.

Ranville, J.F., Harnish, R.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1991,

Particulate and colloidal organic material in Pueblo Reservoir, Colorado--Influence of autochthonous source on chemical composition, in Baker, R.A., ed., Organic substances and sediments in water: Chelsea, Michigan, Lewis Publishers, p. 47-73.

Ranville, J.F., Smith, K.S., Macalady, D.L., and Rees, T.F., 1989,

Colloidal properties of flocculated bed material in a stream contaminated by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 111-118.

Ranville, J.F., Smith, K.S., McKnight, M.D., Macalady, D.L., and Rees, T.F., 1991,

Effect of organic matter coprecipitation and sorption with hydrous iron oxides on electrophoretic mobility of particles in acid mine drainage, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 422-427.

Runkel, R.L., 2002,

A new metric for determining the importance of transient storage: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 21, no. 4, p. 529-543.

Runkel, R.L., 2000,

Using OTIS to model solute transport in streams and rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 138-99, 4 p.

Runkel, R.L., 1998,

One dimensional transport with inflow and storage (OTIS)--A solute transport model for streams and rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4018, 73 p.

Runkel, R.L., 1996,

Solution of the advection-dispersion equation--Continuous load of finite duration: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 122, no. 9, p. 830-832, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1996)122:9(830).

Runkel, R.L., 1995,

Simulation models for conservative and nonconservative solute transport in streams, in Osterkamp, W.R., ed., Effects of scale on interpretation and management of sediment and water quality--Proceedings of the 1995 Meeting of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, July 3-14, 1995: International Association of Hydrological Sciences IAHS Publication 225, p. 153-159.

Runkel, R.L., 1993,

Development and application of an equilibrium-based simulation model for reactive solute transport in small streams: Boulder, University of Colorado, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, 202 p.

Runkel, R.L., and Bencala, K.E., 1995,

Transport of reacting solutes in rivers and streams, in Singh, V.P., ed., Environmental Hydrology: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kleuwer Academic Publishers, p. 137-164.

Runkel, R.L., Bencala, K.E., and Broshears, R.E., 1996,

An equilibrium-based simulation model for reactive solute transport in small streams, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 775-780.

Runkel, R.L., Bencala, K.E., Broshears, R.E., and Chapra, S.C., 1996,

Reactive solute transport in streams--1, Development of an equilibrium-based model: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 2, p. 409-418, 95WR03106, doi:10.1029/95WR03106.

Runkel, R.L., Bencala, K.E., and Kimball, B.A., 1999,

Modeling solute transport and geochemistry in streams and rivers using OTIS and OTEQ, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 109-118.

Runkel, R.L., and Broshears, R.L., 1992,

One-dimensional transport with inflow and storage (OTIS)--A solute transport model for small streams: Boulder, Colo., CADSWES, 1 p.

Runkel, R.L., and Chapra, S., 1993,

An efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 211-215, 92WR02217, doi:10.1029/92WR02217.

Runkel, R.L., and Chapra, S.C., 1994,

Reply to "Comment on an efficient numerical solution of the transient storage equations for solute transport in small streams" by Dawes and Short: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 10, p. 2863-2865.

Runkel, R.L., and Kimball, B.A., 2002,

Evaluating remedial alternatives for an acid mine drainage stream--Application of a reactive transport model: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36, no. 5, p. 1093-1101, doi:10.1021/es0109794.

Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1999,

Reactive solute transport in streams--A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 12, p. 3829-3840, 1999WR900259, doi:10.1029/1999WR900259.

Runkel, R.L., McKnight, D.M., and Andrews, E.D., 1998,

Analysis of transient storage subject to unsteady flow--Diel flow variation in an Antarctic stream: Journal of North American Benthological Society, v. 17, no. 2, p. 143-154.

Runkel, R.L., McKnight, D.M., Bencala, K.E., and Chapra, S.C., 1996,

Reactive solute transport in streams--2, Simulation of a pH modification experiment: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 2, p. 419-430, 95WR03107, doi:10.1029/95WR03107.

Runkel, R.L., McKnight, D.M., and Rajaram, H., 2003,

Modeling hyporheic zone processes: Advances in Water Resources, v. 26, no. 9, p. 901-905, doi:10.1016/S0309-1708(03)00079-4.

Runkel, R.L., and Restrepo, P.J., 1993,

Solute transport modeling under unsteady flow regimes--An application of the Modular Modeling Sytem, in Hon, K., ed., Water management in the `90s--A Time for Innovation--Proceedings of the 20th Anniversary Conference of the Water Resource Planning and Management Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 1993: Washington, D.C., American Society of Civil Engineers, p. 256-259.

Schemel, L.E., Kimball, B.A., and Bencala, K.E., 2000,

Colloid formation and metal transport through two mixing zones affected by acid mine drainage near Silverton, Colorado: Applied Geochemistry, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1003-1018.

Scott, D.T., Gooseff, M.N., Bencala, K.E., and Runke., R.L., 2003,

Automated calibration of a stream solute transport model--Implications for interpretation of biogeochemical parameters: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 22, no. 4, p. 492-510.

Scott, D.T., Runkel, R.L., McKnight, D.M., Voelker, B.M., Kimball, B.A., and Carraway, E.R., 2003,

Transport and cycling of iron and hydrogen peroxide in a freshwater stream--Influence of organic acids: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 11, p. HWC 1-1 - HWC 1-14, 2002WR001768, doi:10.1029/2002WR001768.

Sigleo, A.C., Cunningham, K.M., Goldberg, M.C., and Kimball, B.A., 1989,

Hydroxyl radical formation in St. Kevin Gulch, an iron-rich stream in Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 125-129.

Smith, K.S., 1996,

Processes controlling dissolved copper concentrations during an instream pH-modification experiment, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 769-774.

Smith, K.S., 1991,

Factors influencing metal sorption onto iron-rich sediment in acid-mine drainage: Golden, Colorado School of Mines, Ph.D. thesis, 239 p.

Smith, K.S., Ficklin, W.H., Plumlee, G.S., and Meier, A.L., 1992,

Metal and arsenic partitioning between water and suspended sediment at mine-drainage sites in diverse geologic settings, in Kharaka, Y.K., and Maest, A.S., eds., Low temperature environments, v. 1 of Water-rock interaction--Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction--WRI-7, Park City, Utah, July 13-18, 1992: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 443-447.

Smith, K.S., Ficklin, W.H., and Ranville, J.F., 1990,

Examples and modeling of trace metal water/sediment partitioning in Colorado streams affected by acid mine drainage, in Gough, L.P., ed., Environmental forum 1990--Geoscience investigations that emphasize chemical, physical, and biological ecosystem processes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-288, p. 12.

Smith, K.S., Lamothe, P.J., Meier, A.L., Walton-Day, K., and Ranville, J.F., 1999,

Metal leaching through a fluvial tailings deposit along the upper Arkansas River, Colorado, in Tailings and Mine Waste '99--Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste '99, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 24-27, 1999: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 627-632.

Smith, K.S., and Langmuir, D., 1987,

Inhibition of aqueous copper and lead adsorption onto goethite by dissolved carbonate species, in Averett, R.C., and McKnight, D.M., eds., Chemical Quality of Water and the Hydrologic Cycle: Chelsea, Mich., Lewis Publishers, p. 351-358.

Smith, K.S., and Macalady, D.L., 1991,

Water/sediment partitioning of trace elements in a stream receiving acid-mine drainage, in Second International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Proceedings, Montreal, Canada, September 16-18, 1991: p. 435-450.

Smith, K.S., Macalady, D.L., and Briggs, P.H., 1989,

Partitioning of metals between water and flocculated bed material in a stream contaminated by acid mine drainage near Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 101-109.

Smith, K.S., Ranville, J.F., and Macalady, D.L., 1991,

Predictive modeling of copper, cadmium, and zinc partitioning between streamwater and bed sediment from a stream receiving acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 380-386.

Smith, K.S., Ranville, J.F., Macalady, D.L., and Rees, T.F., 1988,

Monodisperse colloids from an acid-mine-drainage impacted stream, in Preprints of Papers Presented at the Third Chemical Congress of North America and 195th ACS National Meeting, Division of Environmental Chemistry, Toronto, Ontario, June 5-10, 1988: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, v. 28, no. 1, p. 527-529.

Smith, K.S., Sutley, S.J., Briggs, P.H., Meier, A.L., Walton-Day, K., Ranville, J.F., and Jerz, J.K., 1998,

Trends in water-leachable lead from a fluvial tailings deposit along the upper Arkansas River, Colorado, in Tailings and Mine Waste '98--Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste '98, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 26-28, 1998: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 763-768.

Smith, K.S., Walton-Day, K., and Ranville, J.F., 2000,

Evaluating the effects of fluvial tailings deposits on water quality in the upper Arkansas River basin, Colorado--observational scale considerations, in Proceedings from the Fifth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Denver, Colorado, May 21-24, 2000: Littleton, Colo., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, p. 1415-1424.

Smith, K.S., Walton-Day, K., and Ranville, J.F., 1999,

Considerations of observational scale when evaluating the effect of, and remediation strategies for, a fluvial tailings deposit in the Upper Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999--Volume 1 of 3--Contamination from Hardrock Mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018A, p. 131-138.

Tate, C.M., Broshears, R.E., and McKnight, D.M., 1995,

Phosphate dynamics in an acidic mountain stream--Interactions involving algal uptake, sorption by iron oxide, and photoreduction: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, no. 5, p. 938-946.

Tate, C.M., McKnight, D.M., and Spaulding, S.A., 1991,

Phosphate uptake by algae in a stream contaminated by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 387-391.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2000,

Interim report on the scientific investigations in the Animas River watershed, Colorado to facilitate remediation decisions by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service, March 29, 2000 meeting, Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-245, 34 p.

Verplanck, P.L., Nordstrom, D.K., Taylor, H.E., and Kimball, B.A., 2004,

Rare earth element partitioning between hydrous ferric oxides and acid mine water during iron oxidation: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, no. 8, p. 1339-1354, doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.01.016.

Verplanck, P.L., Wanty, R.B., Berger, B.R., Tuttle, M., Kimball, B.A., and Farmer, G.L., 2004,

Hydrogeochemistry of an acidic, alpine watershed, Redwell basin, Colorado, in Wanty, R.B., and Seal III, R.R., eds., Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction WRI-II, Saratoga Springs, New York, June 27-July 2, 2004: A.A. Balkema, p. 1649-1653.

Walton-Day, K., 2003,

Geochemistry of active and passive treatment processes used to treat mine drainage, in Jambor, J.L., Blowes, D.W., and Ritchie, A.I.M., eds., Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes: Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series, v. 31, p. 335-359.

Walton-Day, K., 1999,

Geochemistry of the processes that attenuate acid mine drainage in wetlands, in Plumlee, G.S., and Logsdon, M.J., eds., The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, Part A--Processes, Techniques, and Health Issues: Littleton, Colo., The Society of Economic Geologists, p. 215-228.

Walton-Day, K., 1996,

Colorado wetland resources, in National water summary 1992-1993--Hydrologic events and wetland resources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2425, p. 135-140.

Walton-Day, K., 1996,

Iron and zinc budgets in surface water for a natural wetland affected by acidic mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Lake County, Colorado, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 759-764.

Walton-Day, K., 1991,

Hydrology and geochemistry of a natural wetland affected by acid mine drainage St. Kevin Gulch, Lake County, Colorado: Golden, Colorado School of Mines, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation T-4033, 299 p.

Walton-Day, K., and Briggs, P.H., 1989,

Preliminary assessment of the effects of acid mine drainage on ground water beneath a wetland near Leadville, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 119-124.

Walton-Day, K., Briggs, P.H., and Romberger, S.B., 1991,

Use of mass-flow calculations to identify processes controlling water quality in a subalpine wetland receiving acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 371-376.

Walton-Day, K., Cameron, C.C., and Briggs, P.H., 1990,

High metal concentrations in a wetland result from input of acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, in Society of Wetland Scientists Eleventh Annual Meeting, Proceedings, Breckenridge, Colo., June 4-8, 1990: Society of Wetland Scientists, p. 66.

Walton-Day, K., Flynn, J.L., Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 2005,

Mass loading of selected major and trace elements in Lake Fork Creek near Leadville, Colorado, September-October 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5151, 46 p.

Walton-Day, K., Healy, R.W., Maestas, F.B., and Ranalli, A.J., 2000,

Effects of remediation on geochemistry and hydrology of the unsaturated zone of fluvial tailings deposits in the floodplain of the upper Arkansas River, Colorado, in Proceedings from the Fifth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Denver, Colorado, May 21-24, 2000: Littleton, Colo., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, p. 1443-1450.

Walton-Day, K., Kimball, B.A., and Runkel, R.L., 2002,

The use of mass-loading studies and solute transport modeling to assist in the development of TMDL's for streams affected by mine drainage, in Workshop Notebook, Colorado Department of Health and Environment, 10th National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Workshop, Breckenridge, Colorado, September 8-12, 2002, 5 p.

Walton-Day, K., Macalady, D.L., Brooks, M.H., and Tate, V.T., 1990,

Field methods for the determination of ground-water redox parameters: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 10, no. 4, p. 81-89.

Walton-Day, K., Ortiz, R.F., and von Guerard, P.B., 1995,

Sources of water having low pH and elevated metal concentrations in the upper Alamosa River from the headwaters to the outlet of Terrace Reservoir, South-Central Colorado, April-September, 1993, in Posey, H.H., Pendleton, J.A., and Van Zyl, D., eds., Proceedings, Summitville Forum '95: Colorado Geological Survey Special Publication 38, p. 160-170.

Walton-Day, K., Ortiz, R.F., and von Guerard, P.B., 1995,

Water-transport--A powerful way to move metals, in King, T.V.V., ed., Environmental considerations of active and abandoned mine lands--Lessons from Summitville: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2220, p. 20-23.

Walton-Day, K., Rossi, F.J., Gerner, L.J., Evans, J.B., Yager, T.J., Ranville, J.F., and Smith, K.S., 2000,

Effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils and surface- and ground-water quality, and implications for remediation--Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, 1992-1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4273, 100 p.

Walton-Day, K., Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., and Bencala, K.E., 2000,

Application of the solute-transport models OTIS and OTEQ and implications for remediation in a watershed affected by acid mine drainage, Cement Creek, Animas River basin, Colorado, in Proceedings from the Fifth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Denver, Colorado, May 21-24, 2000: Littleton, Colo., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, p. 389-399.

Wanty, R.B., Berger, B.R., Kimball, B.A., Verlanck, P.L., and Tuttle, M.L., 2003,

Delineation of environmental tracts in mineralized areas using geologic criteria, in Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Regional Geoscientific Cartography, Bologna, Italy, June 17-20, 2003.

Wanty, R.B., Verplanck, P.L., Tuttle, M., Runkel, R.L., Berger, B.R., and Kimball, B.A., 2004,

Resolving natural and anthropogenic sources of solutes to a watershed from historic mining, in Wanty, R.B., and Seal III, R.R., eds., Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium of Water-Rock Interaction WRI-II, Saratoga Springs, New York, June 27-July 2, 2004: A.A. Balkema, p. 1659-1663.

Ward, E.C., and Walton-Day, K., 1995,

Seasonal variation in water quality on Wightman Fork of the Alamosa River, 1993: Colorado Geological Survey Special Publication 38, 183-190 p.

Wetherbee, G.A., and Kimball, B.A., 1991,

Use of environmental variables to estimate metal loads in streams, Upper Arkansas River Basin, Colorado, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Moneterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 398-406.

Wetherbee, G.A., Kimball, B.A., and Maura, W.S., 1991,

Selected hydrologic data for the upper Arkansas River basin, Colorado, 1986-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-528, 216 p.

Zellweger, G.W., 1996,

Tracer injections in small streams--Why and how we do them, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 765-767.

Zellweger, G.W., 1994,

Testing and comparison of four ionic tracers to measure stream flow loss by multiple tracer injection: Hydrological Processes, v. 8, no. 2, p. 155-65, doi:10.1002/hyp.3360080206.

Zellweger, G.W., Bencala, K.E., Kimball, B.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1989,

Evaluation of lithium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate as tracers to investigate hydrologic aspects of acidic, metal-rich streams, in Mallard, G.E., and Ragone, S.E., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, September 26-30, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4220, p. 609.

Zellweger, G.W., Bencala, K.E., McKnight, D.M., Hirsch, R.M., and Kimball, B.A., 1988,

Practical aspects of tracer experiments in acidic, metal enriched streams, in Mallard, G.E., ed., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Surface-Water Contamination--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Denver, Colorado, February 2-4, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-764, p. 125-130.

Zellweger, G.W., and Maura, W.S., 1991,

Calculation of conservative tracer and flume-discharge measurements on a small mountain stream, in Mallard, G.E., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Monterey, California, March 11-15, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4034, p. 434-437.

Zielinski, R.A., and Asher-Bolinder, S., 1996,

Uraniferous waters of southeastern Colorado--A function of geology, climate and land use, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the technical meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4015, v. 2, p. 805-812.

There are 161 publications in this section of the bibliography. The above list is sorted by author. The Toxics Bibliographic Data Base was last updated on 5/15/08.

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