Primary Outcome Measures:
- to determine if differences exist in vascular compliance and carotid artery intima media thickness between individuals with normal and low vitamin D levels
- to evaluate correlation of markers of vascular disease and boen disease between individuals with normal and low vitamin D
- to quantify the effect of Vitamin D replacement on vascular compliance and markers of bone loss and vascular disease.
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Vitamin D at the end of 3 months of supplementation.
Osteoporosis and vascular disease are two of the most common disorders affecting postmenopausal women. A potential association, beyond aging, has long been speculated. Our previous study revealed evidence of loss of vascular compliance in postmenopausal women with lower bone density, suggesting women with lower bone density had "stiffer" blood vessels. This proposal further investigates that association and a potential role of vitamin D deficiency as a possible common link between both bone loss and "hardening of the arteries".