• The primary outcome is the change in International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS). [ Time Frame: 6-months after surgery versus baseline. ]
  

• Difference in clinical efficacy outcomes (e.g., peak urinary flow rate, post-void residual volumes, QOL, sexual function). Complication rates. Reinstitution of bladder medications. Durability of PVP and TRUP. Resource utilization and costs-effectiveness. [ Time Frame: outcome assessment measure time points vary ]
  

Following a review of treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by the Medical Advisory Secretariat (MAS) of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC), the Ontario Health Technology Advisory Committee (OHTAC) recommended that "a registry study be conducted to establish longer term effectiveness and complication rates for PVP given the likelihood of increasing diffusion of this technology". Since then, the Medical Devices Bureau of the Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Canada, has licensed in April 30, 2007, a 120W-KTP laser system (Greenlight HPS (TM)) for sale in Canada. As several new 120W systems will be operating in Ontario in the coming months, there is an urgent need to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and durability of 120W PVP compared to conventional TURP in the treatment of patients with BPH.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male over the age of 40
• Diagnosed with symptomatic/obstructive symptoms secondary to BPH requiring surgical intervention as determined by their urologist
• Experienced lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to BPH > 3 months in duration
• IPSS value of > 12
• Peak urinary flow < 15mL/sec on voided volume (minimum of 150 ml)
• Prostate size, as measured by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), less than 100cc in volume
• American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification of physical status, class 1-3
• Able to read, understand, and sign the Informed Consent
• Willing and able to comply with all follow-up requirements including multiple follow-up visits

Exclusion Criteria:

• Transvesically measured post-void residual volume >400 mL
• Currently in urinary retention
• Chronic urinary retention
• Medications impairing bladder contractibility
• Uncorrectable bleeding disorders or long- term anticoagulation that cannot be stopped
• Recent myocardial infarction or coronary artery stent placement
• Any of the following diseases which appear to involve the bladder: myasthenia gravis, diabetes neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury or Parkinson disease
• Any patient with idiopathic atonic bladder
• Major pelvic fractures that involved damage to the external urinary sphincter
• Recently completed definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer
• Active localized or systemic infections; including active urinary tract infection
• Active cystolithiasis, urethral strictures, bladder neck contracture, or acute prostatitis affecting bladder function
• If patient's PSA value > PSA age-adjusted normal value, patient needs to have a negative biopsy before participating in the study
• Confirmed malignancy of the prostate
• Bladder cancer treated with transurethral resection of bladder cancer (TURBT) within 12 months or any patients treated with Bacillius Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
• Bilateral hydronephrosis on renal ultrasound
• Urethral strictures or a residual volume >400 ml
• Immunocompromised
• Previous TURP