Mission Overview
Stardust is the first U.S. space mission dedicated
solely to the exploration of a comet, and the
first robotic mission designed to return extraterrestrial
material from outside the orbit of the Moon.
The Stardust spacecraft was launched on February
7, 1999, from Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida,
aboard a Delta II rocket. The primary goal of
Stardust is to collect dust and carbon-based samples
during its closest encounter with Comet Wild 2
- pronounced "Vilt 2" after the name
of its Swiss discoverer - is a rendezvous scheduled
to take place in January 2004, after nearly four
years of space travel.
Additionally, the Stardust spacecraft will bring
back samples of interstellar dust, including recently
discovered dust streaming into our Solar System
from the direction of Sagittarius. These materials
are believed to consist of ancient pre-solar interstellar
grains and nebular that include remnants from
the formation of the Solar System. Analysis of
such fascinating celestial specks is expected
to yield important insights into the evolution
of the Sun its planets and possibly even the origin
of life itself.
In order to meet up with comet Wild 2, the spacecraft
will make three loops around the Sun. On the second
loop, its trajectory will intersect the comet.
During the meeting, Stardust will perform a variety
of tasks including reporting counts of comet particles
encountered by the spacecraft with the Dust Flux
Monitor, and real-time analyses of the compositions
of these particles and volatiles taken by the
Comet and Interstellar Dust Analyzer (CIDA). Using
a substance called aerogel, Stardust will capture
these samples and store them for safe keep on
its long journey back to Earth. This silica-based,
material has been inserted within the Aerogel
Collector Grid, which is similar to a large tennis
racket. Not until January 2006, will Stardust
and its precise cargo return by parachuting a
reentry capsule weighing approximately 125 pounds
to the Earth's surface.
Stardust is the fourth NASA Discovery mission
to be chosen and follows on the heels of Mars
Pathfinder, the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
(NEAR) mission, and the Lunar Prospector mission.
The Discovery Program, is an ongoing program that is intended
to offer the scientific community opportunities
to accomplish frequent, high quality scientificinvestigations
using innovative and efficient management approaches.
It seeks to keep performance high and expenses
low by using new technologies and strict cost
caps.
The Stardust Mission is a collaborative effort
between NASA, university and industry partners:
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The Principal Investigator
is Dr.
Donald E. Brownlee of the University
of Washington, well known for his discovery
of cosmic particles in the stratosphere known
as Brownlee Particles. He also co-authored
the bestseller Rare Earth : Why Complex Life
Is Uncommon, which puts forward a hypothesis
predicting that simple, microbial life will
be widespread in the universe, while complex
animal or plant life will be extremely rare.
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Dr.
Peter Tsou of the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL),
innovator in aerogel technology serves as
Deputy Investigator.
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The contractor for the Stardust
spacecraft is Lockheed Martin Astronautics,
Denver, Colorado.
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The Jet Propulsion Laboratory
has an experienced project management team,
led by Thomas
C. Duxbury. In addition, JPL provided
the Navigation Camera.
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The Max Planck Institute (MPI)
of Germany provided the real-time dust composition
analyzer for the spacecraft.
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Johnson Space Center will provide
the planetary materials curatorial facility
where the samples will be preserved and tests
conducted.
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University of Chicago provided
the Dust Flux Monitor instrument.
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The Open University (UK) is part of the research of samples through its Planetary and Space Science Research Institute (PSSRI). Their involvement includes the design and provision of sensors for the Dust Flux Monitor instrument, dust coma modelling and
development of sample extraction and characterization techniques in aerogel.
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| Last updated
January 5, 2006 |
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