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April 9, 2002 Ms. Christine A. Bruenn Re: Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Section 3(a)(4) Dear Ms. Bruenn: In your letter dated December 4, 2001, you requested guidance from the staff regarding the application of the bank exception from the definition of "broker" in Section 3(a)(4) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"). In particular, you asked whether nonbank subsidiaries of banks are considered "banks," and thus would be excepted from the definition of "broker" when they enter into networking arrangements with broker-dealers pursuant to Exchange Act Section 3(a)(4)(B)(i). You note that some nonbank subsidiaries of banks may be entering into networking arrangements with broker-dealers, and indicate that this may be an attempt, at least in part, to limit potential liability to the bank arising out of its securities activities. Prior to May 12, 2001, Exchange Act Section 3(a)(4) defined a "broker" as "any person engaged in the business of effecting transactions in securities for the account of others, but does not include a bank."1 The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act amended the Exchange Act's definitions of "broker" by replacing the general exception for banks with specific functional exceptions from broker-dealer registration for certain bank securities activities.2 These exceptions are only available to a "bank." The definition of "bank" in the Exchange Act was not changed by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act."3 Exchange Act Section 3(a)(6) defines a "bank" as:
Exceptions or exemptions from broker-dealer registration for persons engaged in brokerage activity are construed narrowly. 4 For example, the Exchange Act provides a narrow exception from broker-dealer registration for broker-dealers whose business is exclusively intrastate.5 Consistent with this approach, the Commission staff has historically construed the bank exception from broker-dealer registration as only applicable to banks, and not to bank affiliates, except when a financial regulator requires a bank to establish a service corporation to enter into a networking arrangement.6 The Commission has cited this approach with approval. When the Commission defined terms in Exchange Act Section 3(a)(4)(B)(i), it noted that the networking exception from broker-dealer registration as amended by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act follows a long line of letters issued by the Commission staff regarding these types of arrangements.7 As noted above, the staff has consistently stated in these letters that use of a service corporation to enter into networking arrangements with broker-dealers was permissible only "where required by the laws or regulations governing a Financial Institution . . . ."8 In other words, the staff permitted networking arrangements to run between a service corporation and broker-dealer only if another regulator requires use of a service corporation. Please contact me at (202) 942-0061 if you have additional questions concerning these issues. Very truly yours, Catherine McGuire _______________________
Incoming LetterDecember 4, 2001 Catherine McGuire RE: Exception from Definition of Broker for Banks found in 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(4) Dear Ms. McGuire: The Maine Office of Securities seeks the guidance of the Commission regarding the exception from the definition of broker for banks found in the Gramm Leach Bliley Act ("GLBA") changes to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("the '34 Act"). Specifically, we seek the Commission's position regarding whether bank subsidiaries can claim to be excepted from the definition of broker when they engage in activities described in (3)(a)(4)(B)(i)of the '34 Act, 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(4)(B)(i). This issue arises for my office because the State of Maine passed legislation this year that largely mirrors GLBA to allow "depository institutions," a term that includes banks and credit unions, to engage in activities that are exempt under §201 of GLBA except the private securities offerings and the de minimis transactions. In interpreting Maine law, I want to harmonize to the extent possible with federal law. It has come to my attention that in the context of negotiating third party broker-dealer arrangements, some broker-dealers are encouraging banks to set up subsidiaries for purposes of receiving commissions and otherwise participating in these arrangements. The reasons given for suggesting subsidiaries include limiting liability for the bank in the event of a lawsuit by an investor seeking restitution. In that context, a number of broker-dealers and financial institutions have raised the issue of whether bank subsidiaries are "banks" and therefore qualify for the exception under GLBA when they enter into third party brokerage arrangements with NASD registered and Maine licensed broker-dealers. Section (3)(a)(6) of the '34 Act defines "bank" as (A) a banking institution organized under the laws of the United States, (B) a member bank of the Federal Reserve System, (C) any other banking institution whether incorporated or not, doing business under the laws of any State or of the United States, a substantial portion of the business of which consists of receiving deposits or exercising fiduciary powers similar to those permitted to national banks under the authority of the Comptroller of the Currency pursuant to the first section of Public Law 87-7222, and which is supervised by State or Federal authority having supervision over banks, and which is not created for the purpose of evading the provisions of the Act, and (D) a receiver, conservator, or other liquidating agent of any institution or firm included in clauses (A), (B), or (C) of this paragraph. A plain reading of this definition would appear to include an institution chartered by state or federal authorities to engage in deposit or trust activities. There is no mention in the definition of subsidiaries, affiliates or entities owned by banks. This office has consistently taken the position that entities other than the bank 1are not entitled to the exemption and must therefore be registered with the NASD and licensed with this office. In summary, we would like to know whether the Commission will allow a bank subsidiary to claim the exception in (3)(a)(4)(B)(i) of the '34 Act for "banks." I am available to answer any questions you may have or to provide further information. Thank you very much for you attention to these questions. Sincerely, Christine A. Bruenn _______________________
http://www.sec.gov/divisions/marketreg/mr-noaction/mainecr040902.htm
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