Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity Workshops Summary Report
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Quality Assurance Statement
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.
1. Report No. FHWA-SA-08-003 |
2. Government Accession No. | 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. | ||
4. Title and Subtitle Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity Workshops Summary Report |
5. Report Date February 2008 |
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6. Performing Organization Code | ||||
7. Authors Katherine W. Falk, P.E., PTOE and Paul J. Carlson |
8. Performing Organization Report No. |
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9. Performing Organization Name and Address Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. 13221 Woodland Park Road Suite 400 Herndon, VA 20171 Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System College Station, TX 77843-3135 |
10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) | |||
11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-06-D-00005/T-07-00504 |
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12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Office of Safety Federal Highway Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered Summary Report June 2007 – December 2007 |
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14. Sponsoring Agency Code | ||||
15. Supplementary Notes The workshops and this report were conducted under subcontract to SAIC as part of a contract with U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Matt Lupes, COTM Barry Zimmer, COTR |
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16. Abstract The FHWA is preparing to develop proposed language for the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) regarding pavement marking retroreflectivity. The purpose of this report is to summarize the recommendations from the two pavement marking retroreflectivity workshops that the FHWA held in the summer of 2007 regarding the upcoming proposed rulemaking on pavement marking retroreflectivity. This rulemaking effort is a result of the 1993 U.S. DOT Appropriations Act requiring the Secretary of Transportation to “…include a standard for minimum level of retroreflectivity that must be maintained for traffic signs and pavement markings for all roads open to public travel.” In response to this legislative mandate and after many years of research and proposed rulemaking, the FHWA has developed and adopted a set of minimum retroreflectivity levels for traffic signs, which became effective in January 2008. |
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17. Key Words traffic control devices, minimum retroreflectivity, pavement markings, workshop |
18. Distribution Statement No restrictions. |
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19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified |
21. No of Pages | 22. Price N/A |
Reproduction of completed page authorized
FACTORS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
SYMBOL | WHEN YOU KNOW | MULTIPLY BY | TO FIND | SYMBOL |
LENGTH | ||||
in | inches | 25.4 | millimeters | mm |
ft | feet | 0.305 | meters | m |
yd | yards | 0.914 | meters | m |
mi | miles | 1.61 | kilometers | km |
AREA | ||||
in2 | square inches | 645.2 | square millimeters | mm2 |
ft2 | square feet | 0.093 | square meters | m2 |
yd2 | square yard | 0.836 | square meters | m2 |
ac | acres | 0.405 | hectares | ha |
mi2 | square miles | 2.59 | square kilometers | km2 |
VOLUME | ||||
fl oz | fluid ounces | 29.57 | milliliters | mL |
gal | gallons | 3.785 | liters | L |
ft3 | cubic feet | 0.028 | cubic meters | m3 |
yd3 | cubic yards | 0.765 | cubic meters | m3 |
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3 |
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MASS | ||||
oz | ounces | 28.35 | grams | g |
lb | pounds | 0.454 | kilograms | kg |
T | short tons (2000 lb) | 0.907 | megagrams (or "metric ton") | Mg (or "t") |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||||
oF | Fahrenheit | 5 (F-32)/9 or (F-32)/1.8 | Celsius | oC |
ILLUMINATION | ||||
fc | foot-candles | 10.76 | lux | lx |
fl | foot-Lamberts | 3.426 | candela/m2 | cd/m2 |
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||||
lbf | poundforce | 4.45 | newtons | N |
lbf/in2 | poundforce per square inch | 6.89 | kilopascals | kPa |
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS | ||||
LENGTH | ||||
mm | millimeters | 0.039 | inches | in |
m | meters | 3.28 | feet | ft |
m | meters | 1.09 | yards | yd |
km | kilometers | 0.621 | miles | mi |
AREA | ||||
mm2 | square millimeters | 0.0016 | square inches | in2 |
m2 | square meters | 10.764 | square feet | ft2 |
m2 | square meters | 1.195 | square yards | yd2 |
ha | hectares | 2.47 | acres | ac |
km2 | square kilometers | 0.386 | square miles | mi2 |
VOLUME | ||||
mL | milliliters | 0.034 | fluid ounces | fl oz |
L | liters | 0.264 | gallons | gal |
m3 | cubic meters | 35.314 | cubic feet | ft3 |
m3 | cubic meters | 1.307 | cubic yards | yd3 |
MASS | ||||
g | grams | 0.035 | ounces | oz |
kg | kilograms | 2.202 | pounds | lb |
Mg (or "t") | megagrams (or "metric ton") | 1.103 | short tons (2000 lb) | T |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||||
oC | Celsius | 1.8C+32 | Fahrenheit | oF |
ILLUMINATION | ||||
lx | lux | 0.0929 | foot-candles | fc |
cd/m2 | candela/m2 | 0.2919 | foot-Lamberts | fl |
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS | ||||
N | newtons | 0.225 | poundforce | lbf |
kPa | kilopascals | 0.145 | poundforce per square inch | lbf/in2 |
*SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Workshop Participants and the FHWA Team
Chapter 2 Summary of Workshop Discussions
Chapter 3 Recommended MUTCD Language
Appendices:
- A - Workshop Participants
- B - Workshop Agenda
- C - Suggested MUTCD Wording from Denver Workshop Participants
- D - Suggested MUTCD Wording from Pittsburgh Workshop Participants
- E - Additional Photos from Pittsburgh Workshop
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