• The mean change in best corrected visual acuity from baseline at 3 months [ Time Frame: 3 months from baseline ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  

• The mean change in best corrected visual acuity from baseline at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months from baseline ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• The mean change in foveal retinal thickness from baseline at 7 days, and at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 [ Time Frame: 7 days, and at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• The mean change in area of leakage from baseline at 3 and 12 months [ Time Frame: 3 and 12 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• The incidence of uveitis flares (> 2+ cells in the anterior chamber or vitreous) [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
  
• The incidence of ocular and non-ocular adverse events [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]
  

Drug: Lucentis (ranibizumab)
0.5 mg of ranibizumab by intravitreal injection at baseline and at monthly intervals for the following two months for a total of 3 injections. Afterwards, PRN injections for 9 months.

Uveitis, an inflammation that affects the uvea (iris, ciliary body and choroid), is an important cause of visual loss. There are 30,000 new cases of legal blindness each year due to uveitis in the U.S. Sight-threatening complications associated with uveitis include macular edema, which may persist even when inflammation is controlled. The only current treatment for cystoid macular edema (CME) in uveitis patients is oral or regional steroid injections. For patients who don't respond to steroids or who are unable to tolerate steroid therapy, there are no other medical treatments.

The aim of the proposed research is to determine if ranibizumab is an effective treatment for those patients with uveitis-induced CME who are unable to be treated with or non-responsive to steroids. Ranibizumab is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody antigen-binding fragment (Fab) that neutralizes all active forms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is suspected to play a role in the loss of vascular integrity in the eye, which is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of macular edema in the eyes of patients with uveitis. Ranibizumab was approved by the FDA for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration on June 30, 2006, and a number of published papers have shown efficacy for other causes of macular edema, including that due to diabetes mellitus.

The F. I. Proctor Foundation at UCSF will be enrolling 10 subjects 18 years of age or older with uveitis-induced CME to clinically evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ranibizumab administered monthly for three months followed by PRN monthly dosing (up to 12 months). The study will measure visual acuity, changes in foveal thickness on optical coherence tomography, and changes in cystoid macular edema by fluorescein angiograpy to determine the efficacy of ranibizumab treatment.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ability to provide written informed consent and comply with study assessments for the full duration of the study
• Age ≥ 18 years
• A history of non-infectious uveitis with chronic cystoid macular edema (> 3 months duration)
• Foveal retinal thickness of ≥ 300 µM by OCT testing
• One prior trial of oral or regional steroid treatment for CME ≥ 30 days prior to study enrollment with persistent CME (≥ 300 µM foveal retinal thickness on OCT) or inability to use steroid injections due to a history of increased IOP above 30 mmHg thought to be due to topical steroid treatment or prior steroid injections
• Anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation at the trace or below level according to the standardized classification of inflammation
• BCVA at 4 m using the ETDRS chart of 20/40 to 20/400 (Snellen equivalent) in the study eye
• Media clarity, pupillary dilation and patient cooperation sufficient to allow OCT testing and retinal photography

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy (positive pregnancy test) or known to be pregnant, or premenopausal but not using adequate contraception
• Treatment for CME with oral or steroid injections, Macugen, or Avastin within 6 weeks prior to enrollment in this study. Study subjects will be allowed to continue their immunomodulatory treatment for uveitis throughout the study.
• Previous vitrectomy
• Active intraocular inflammation in the study eye (greater than trace anterior chamber or vitreous cells)
• Current vitreous hemorrhage
• Active infectious conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, or endophthalmitits in either eye
• Known allergy to any component of the study drug
• Intraocular pressure > 30 mm Hg despite treatment with glaucoma medications
• Blood pressure > 180/110 (systolic above 180 OR diastolic above 110). If blood pressure is brought below 180/110 by anti-hypertensive treatment, the subject can become eligible.
• Major surgery planned during the next 6 months
• Any other condition that the investigator believes would pose a significant hazard to the subject if the investigational therapy were initiated
• Participation in another simultaneous medical investigation or trial
• Unwilling or unable to follow or comply with all study related procedures