Images of the Earth and Moon taken by the Hayabusa spacecraft.

At 6:23 am (Greenwich time) on May 19, the Japanese Hayabusa spacecraft successfully made a close Earth approach (altitude = 3725 km), thereby gaining the velocity it needs to reach the near-Earth asteroid Itokawa, named for the father of Japanese rocketry.

During the Earth swingby, the spacecraft took images of the Earth and moon to test and calibrate the on board camera called AMICA (Asteroid Multi-band Imaging Camera). These Earth and lunar images can be viewed at:

http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2004/0519.shtml

Upon its arrival at the asteroid in the summer of 2005, the Hayabusa spacecraft will hover near the asteroid's surface for about four months. Its instruments will study the surface in detail, determine the asteroid's mass and bulk density and determine which minerals are present. A small coffee-can-sized surface hopper, called MINERVA, will leap about the asteroid taking surface temperature measurements and high-resolution images with each of its three miniature cameras.

The spacecraft will collect up to three surface samples as its sample horn captures small pieces of the asteroid ejected when tantalum pellets are fired into its surface at 300 meters per second. With these surface samples tucked safely into the spacecraft's sample capsule, the spacecraft will return to Earth, arriving on June 10, 2007, and the sample capsule will parachute to the ground in Australia. The samples will be analyzed in various laboratories to study their detailed chemical composition and determine which meteorite examples in Earth-based collections provide the best match for Itokawa's particular composition.

Hayabusa, which is Japanese for "falcon", will act much like its namesake, descending to the asteroid's surface, capturing its prey and returning it to Earth. While the scientific knowledge of near-Earth asteroids will be significantly advanced by the Hayabusa mission, the primary goals are to test four advanced technology systems: the electric propulsion (ion drive) engines; an autonomous navigation system; the sample collection system; and the sample capsule that re-enters the Earth's atmosphere.

Additional information:

Hayabusa Project (JAXA main site)
http://www.jaxa.jp/missions/projects/sat/exploration/muses_c/index_e.html

SPACE NEWS (ISAS) -- Hayabusa acquired images of the earth and the moon.
http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2004/0519.shtml

Planetary Society
http://planetary.org/news/2004/hayabusa_earth-swingby_preview.html