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The MLS O3 Product

Contact: Lucien Froidevaux for stratosphere and above
Nathaniel Livesey for troposphere


Basic Information

Ozone has been an important molecule for decades, since it was realized that it plays a key role in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, which can adversely affect life at the Earth's surface (including causing an increase in the incidence of skin cander).
The O3 Molecule
 O3 molecule visualization


How it is part of MLS Science Objectives


Continued tracking of the changes in the stratospheric ozone layer (from about 15 to 50 km altitude) as well as the total column of ozone down to the ground are important goals for the Aura satellite. The roughly 3500 MLS ozone profiles obtained every day across the globe are a very useful component of this research. Global ozone depletion and the seasonal occurrence of the ozone hole over Antarctica have arisen in large part because of the rise in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere as a result of industrial production; this production has now abated and a slow ozone recovery is expected in the next decades. In the troposphere, ozone is a pollutant that can impact health (breathing) and one of the main results of smog formation during the summer in many urban centers across the world. Satellites such as Aura can now provide useful information about long-range transport of pollution in the troposphere (from the ground to about 15 km altitude); ozone and carbon monoxide are key molecules being measured by MLS in the upper troposphere. Other Aura measurements play key roles for better global information about such tropospheric pollution.


How EOS MLS measures O3

The standard product for version 1.5 O3 is taken from the 240 GHz (Core+R3) retrieval.

Sample O3 retrieval
(map from 2005d264)
O3 Information from the Spectroscopy Database


Quick Product Information for data version v2.2

  • Swath Name: O3
  • Vertical Resolution:
    3 km from 215 - 0.2 hPa
    4 - 6 km from 0.1 to 0.02 hPa
  • Useful Range: 215 - 0.022 hPa
  • DAAC Short Name: ML2O3
  • Precision:
    0.04 ppmv from 215-68 hPa
    0.1-0.4 ppmv from 46-0.1 hPa
    1-0.06 ppmv from 0.05 - 0.02 hPa
  • Accuracy: TBD
This product has the highest sensitivity down into the upper troposphere, as well as into the mesosphere. However, the mesosphere exhibits somewhat larger percentage ozone differences between the 240 GHz band results and other MLS bands, as well as in comparisons between MLS and other datasets (see Froidevaux et al. [2006]). While we are conservatively recommending 0.46 hPa as an upper limit for detailed analyses that require very accurate results, there is clearly good O3 sensitivity into the upper mesosphere. For example, this region at high latitudes has shown the impact of solar proton events on the MLS O3 distribution (as well as in the other radiometers' ozone retrievals). The MLS results for stratospheric ozone are in good agreement with many other datasets (see Froidevaux et al. 2006) but refinements are in progress and some high biases exist in the upper tropospheric values.


v2.2 O3 Averaging Kernel
O3 averaging kernel diagrams

colored lines are individual kernels; thick dashed line is full width at half maximum, thick solid is integrated kernel value

Publications related to the MLS O3 data product

Future Publications

  1. Jackson, D.R., Y.J. Orsolini, "Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS observations", Not yet published.
  2. Singleton, C.S., C.E. Randall, V.L. Harvey, M.P. Chipperfield, W. Feng, G.L. Manney, C.T. McElroy, "Arctic Ozone Loss Climatology from Solar Occultation and Microwave Limb Sounding Instruments ", Not yet published. Preprint
  3. Hegglin, M.I., C.D. Boone, G.L. Manney, K.A. Walker, "A global view of the extratropical tropopause transition layer (ExTL) from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer O3, H2O, and CO", Not yet published. Preprint

2008

  1. Froidevaux, L., Y.B. Jiang, A. Lambert, N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, E.V. Browell, J.W. Hair, M.A. Avery, T.J. McGee, L.W. Twigg, G.K. Sumnicht, K.W. Jucks, J.J. Margitan, B. Sen, R.A. Stachnik, G.C. Toon, P.F. Bernath, C.D. Boone, K.A. Walker, M.J. Filipiak, R.S. Harwood, R.A. Fuller, G.L. Manney, M.J. Schwartz, W.H. Daffer, B.J. Drouin, R.E. Cofield, D.T. Cuddy, R.F. Jarnot, B.W. Knosp, V.S. Perun, W.V. Snyder, P.C. Stek, R.P. Thurstans, P.A. Wagner, "Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder stratospheric ozone measurements", vol 113, pgs. D15S20, 2008. Reprint
  2. Livesey, N.J., M.J. Filipiak, L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, A. Lambert, M.L. Santee, J.H. Jiang, H.C. Pumphrey, J.W. Waters, R.E. Cofield, D.T. Cuddy, W.H. Daffer, B.J. Drouin, R.A. Fuller, R.F. Jarnot, Y.B. Jiang, B.W. Knosp, Q.B. Li, V.S. Perun, M.J. Schwartz, W.V. Snyder, P.C. Stek, R.P. Thurstans, P.A. Wagner, M. Avery, E.V. Browell, J-P. Cammas, L.E. Christensen, G.S. Diskin, R-S. Gao, H-J. Jost, M. Loewenstein, J.D. Lopez, P. Nedelec, G.B. Osterman, G.W. Sachse, C.R. Webster, "Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder O3 and CO observations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere", vol 113, pgs. D15S02, 2008. Reprint
  3. Harvey, V.L., C.E. Randall, C. Singleton, G.L. Manney, "Low-ozone pockets observed by EOS-MLS", vol 113, pgs. D17112, 2008. Reprint
  4. Santee, M.L., I.A. MacKenzie, G.L. Manney, M.P. Chipperfield, P.F. Bernath, K.A. Walker, C.D. Boone, L. Froidevaux, N.J. Livesey, J.W. Waters, "A study of stratospheric chlorine partitioning based on new", vol 113, pgs. D12307, 2008. Reprint
  5. Hegglin, M.I., P.F. Bernath, C.D. Boone, W.H. Daffer, P. Hoor, G.L. Manney, C. Schiller, K. Strong, K.A. Walker, "Validation of ACE-FTS satellite date in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) using non-coincident measurements", vol 8, pgs. 1483-1499, 2008. Reprint
  6. El Amraoui, L., N. Semane, V.-H. Peuch, M.L. Santee, "Investigation of dynamical processes in the polar stratospheric vortex during the unusually cold winter 2004/2005", vol 35, pgs. L03803, 2008. Reprint
  7. Fraser, A., F. Goutail, K. Strong, P.F. Bernath, C. Boone, W.H. Daffer, J.R. Drummond, D.G. Dufour, T.E. Kerzenmacher, G.L. Manney, C.T. McElroy, C. Midwinter, C.A. McLinden, F. Nichitiu, C.R. Nowlan, J. Walker, K.A. Walker, H. Wu, J. Zou, "Intercomparison of UV-visible measurements of ozone and NO2 during the Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns: 2004–2006", vol 8, pgs. 1763-1788, 2008. Reprint
  8. Nardi, B., J.C. Gille, J.J. Barnett, C.E. Randall, V.L. Harvey, A.M. Waterfall, J. Reburn, T. Leblanc, T.J. McGee, L.W. Twigg, A.M. Thompson, S. Godin-Beekmann, P.F. Bernath, B.R. Bojkov, C.D. Boone, C. Cavanaugh, M.T. Coffey, J. Craft, C. Craig, V. Dean, T. Eden, G. Francis, L. Froidevaux, C. Halvorson, J.W. Hannigan, C. Hepplewhite, D.E. Kinnison, R. Khosravi, C. Krinsky, A. Lambert, H. Lee, J. Loh, S.T. Massie, I.S. McDermid, D. Packman, B. Torpy, J. Valverde-Canossa, K.A. Walker, D. Whiteman, J.C. Witte, G. Young, "Initial validation of ozone measurements from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder", vol 113, pgs. D16S36, 2008. Reprint
  9. Coffey, M.T., J.W. Hannigan, A. Goldman, D.E. Kinnison, J.C. Gille, J. Barnett, L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert, M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, B.M. Fisher, S.S. Kulawik, R. Beer, "Airborne Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) observations in support of EOS Aura validation", vol 113, pgs. D16S42, 2008. Reprint
  10. Considine, D.B., M. Natarajan, T.D. Fairlie, G.S. Lingenfelser, R.B. Pierce, L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert, "Noncoincident validation of Aura MLS observations using the Langley Research Center Lagrangian chemistry and transport model", vol 113, pgs. D16S33, 2008. Reprint
  11. Krzyscin, J.W., J. Jaroslawski, B. Rajewska-Wiech, P.S. Sobolewski, L. Froidevaux, "Comparison of ozone profiles by the Umkerhr measurements taken at Belsk (52°N, 21°E) with the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder overpasses: 2004-2006", vol 113, pgs. D15S09, 2008. Reprint
  12. Migliorini, S., R. Brugge, , M. Dobber, V. Fioletov, P. Levelt, R. McPeters, "Evaluation of ozone total column measurements by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument using a data assimilation system", vol 113, pgs. D15S21, 2008. Reprint
  13. Osterman, G.B., S.S. Kulawik, H.M. Worden, N.A.D. Richards, B.M. Fisher, A. Eldering, M.W. Shephard, L. Froidevaux, G. Labow, M. Luo, R.L. Herman, K.W. Bowman, A.M. Thompson, "Validation of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) measurements of the total, stratospheric, and tropospheric column abundance of ozone", vol 113, pgs. D15S16, 2008. Reprint
  14. Rohen, G.J., C.v. Savigny, J.W. Kaiser, E.J. Llewellyn, L. Froidevaux, M. Lopez-Puertas, T. Steck, M. Palm, H. Winkler, M. Sinnhuber, H. Bovensmann, J.P. Burrows, "Ozone profile retrieval from limb scatter measurements in the HARTLEY bands: further retrieval details and profile comparisons", vol 8, pgs. 2509-2517, 2008. Reprint
  15. Roesevall, J.D., D.P. Murtagh, J. Urban, W. Feng, P. Eriksson, S. Brohede, "A study of ozone depletion in the 2004/2005 Arctic winter based on data from Odin/SMR and Aura/MLS", vol 113, pgs. D13301, 2008. Reprint

2007

  1. Ruzmaikin, A., M.L. Santee, M.J. Schwartz, L. Froidevaux, H.M. Pickett, "The 27-day variations in stratospheric ozone and temperature: New MLS Data", vol 34, pgs. L02819, 2007. Reprint
  2. Feng, L., R.S. Harwood, R. Brugge, A. O'Neill, L. Froidevaux, M. Schwartz, J.W. Waters, "Equatorial Kelvin waves as revealed by EOS Microwave Limb Sounder observations and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses: Evidence for slow Kelvin waves of zonal wave number 3", vol 112, pgs. D16106, 2007. Reprint
  3. Mercer, J.L., C. Kroger, B. Nardi, B.J. Johnson, M.P. Chipperfield, S.W. Wood, S.E. Nichol, M.L. Santee, T. Deshler, "Comparison of measured and modeled ozone above McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 1989-2003, during Austral winter/spring", vol 112, pgs. D19307, 2007. Reprint
  4. Singleton, C.S., C.E. Randall, V.L. Harvey, M.P. Chipperfield, W. Feng, G.L. Manney, L. Froidevaux, C.D. Boone, P.F. Bernath, K.A. Walker, C.T. McElroy, K.W. Hoppel, "Quantifying Arctic ozone loss during the 2004-2005 winter using satellite observations and a chemical transport model", vol 112, pgs. D07304, 2007. Reprint
  5. Manney, G.L., W.H. Daffer, J.M. Zawodny, P.F. Bernath, K.W. Hoppel, K.A. Walker, B.W. Knosp, C. Boone, E.E. Remsberg, M.L. Santee, V. Lynn Harvey, S. Pawson, D.R. Jackson, L. Deaver, C.T. McElroy, C.A. McLinden, J.R. Drummond, H.C. Pumphrey, A. Lambert, M.J. Schwartz, L. Froidevaux, S. McLeod, L.L. Takacs, M.J. Suarez, C.R. Trepte, D.T. Cuddy, N.J. Livesey, R.S. Harwood, J.W. Waters, "Solar Occultation Satellite Data and Derived Meteorological Products: Sampling Issues and Comparisons with Aura MLS", vol 112, pgs. D24S50, 2007. Reprint
  6. Jiang, Y.B., L. Froidevaux, A. Lambert, N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, B. Bojkov, T. Leblanc, I.S. McDermid, S. Godin-Beekmann, M.J. Filipiak, R.S. Harwood, R.A. Fuller, W.H. Daffer, B.J. Drouin, R.E. Cofield, D.T. Cuddy, R.F. Jarnot, B.W. Knosp, V.S. Perun, M.J. Schwartz, W.V. Snyder, P.C. Stek, R.P. Thurstans, P.A. Wagner, M. Allaart, S.B. Andersen, G. Bodeker, B. Calpini, H. Claude, G. Coetzee, J. Davies, H. De Backer, H. Dier, M. Fujiwara, B. Johnson, H. Kelder, N.P. Leme, G. Konig-Langlo, E. Kyro, G. Laneve, L.S. Fook, J. Merrill, G. Morris, M. Newchurch, S. Oltmans, M.C. Parrondos, F. Posny, F. Schmidlin, P. Skrivankova, R. Stubi, D. Tarasick, A. Thompson, V. Thouret, P. Viatte, H. Vomel, P. von der Gathen, M. Yela, G. Zablocki, "Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Ozone by Ozonesonde and Lidar Measurements", vol 112, pgs. D24S34, 2007. Reprint
  7. Randel, W.J., M. Park, F. Wu, N.J. Livesey, "A large annual cycle in ozone above the tropical tropopause linked to the Brewer-Dobson circulation", vol 64, pgs. 4479-4488, 2007. Reprint
  8. Chandra, S., J.R. Ziemke, M.R. Schoeberl, L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, P.F. Levelt, P.K. Bhartia, "Effects of the 2004 El Nino on tropospheric ozone and water vapor", vol 34, pgs. L06802, 2007. Reprint
  9. Ziemke, J.R., S. Chandra, M.R. Schoeberl, L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, P.F. Levelt, P.K. Bhartia, "Intra-seasonal variability in tropospheric ozone and water vapor in the tropics", vol 34, pgs. L17804, 2007. Reprint
  10. Yang, Q., D.M. Cunnold, H.-J. Wang, L. Froidevaux, H. Claude, J. Merrill, M. Newchurch, S.J. Oltmans, "Midlatitude tropospheric ozone columns derived from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Microwave Limb Sounder measurements", vol 112, pgs. D20305, 2007. Reprint
  11. Strahan, S.E., B.N. Duncan, P. Hoor, "Observationally derived transport diagnostics for the lowermost stratosphere and their application to the GMI chemistry and transport model ", vol 7, pgs. 2435-2445, 2007. Reprint

2006

  1. Froidevaux, L., N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, Y.B. Jiang, C.J. Jimenez, M.J. Filipiak, M.J. Schwartz, M.L. Santee, H.C. Pumphrey, J.H. Jiang, D.L. Wu, G.L. Manney, B.J. Drouin, J.W. Waters, E.J. Fetzer, P.F. Bernath, C.D. Boone, K.A. Walker, K.W. Jucks, G.C. Toon, J.J. Margitan, B. Sen, C.R. Webster, L.E. Christensen, J.W. Elkins, E. Atlas, R.A. Lueb, R. Hendershot, "Early validation analyses of atmospheric profiles from EOS MLS on the Aura satellite", vol 44, num no. 5, 2006. Reprint
  2. Cofield, R.E., P.C. Stek, "Design and field-of-view calibration of 114-660 GHz optics of the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder", vol 44, num no. 5, pgs. 1166-1181, 2006. Reprint
  3. Barret, B., P. Ricaud, M.L. Santee, J-L. Attie, J. Urban, E. Le Flochmoen, G. Berthet, D. Murtagh, P. Eriksson, A. Jones, J. de La Noe, E. Dupuy, L. Froidevaux, N.J. Livesey, J.W. Waters, M.J. Filipiak, "Intercomparisons of Trace Gas Profiles from the Odin/SMR and Aura/MLS Limb Sounders", vol 111, pgs. D21302, 2006. Reprint
  4. Irie, H., T. Sugita, H. Nakajima, T. Yokota, H. Oelhaf, G. Wetzel, G.C. Toon, B. Sen, M.L. Santee, Y. Terao, N. Saitoh, M.K. Ejiri, T. Tanaka, Y. Kondo, H. Kanzawa, H. Kobayashi, Y. Sasano, "Validation of stratospheric nitric acid concentration profiles observed by Improved Limb Atmospheric Sectrometer (ILAS)-II", vol 111, pgs. D11S03, 2006. Reprint
  5. Jing, P., D. Cunnold, Y. Choi, Y. Wang, "Summertime tropospheric ozone columns from Aura OMI/MLS measurements versus regional model results over the United States", vol 33, pgs. L17817, 2006. Reprint
  6. Leblanc, T., O.P. Tripathi, I.S. McDermid, L. Froidevaux, N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, "Simultaneous lidar and MLS measurements, and modeling, of a rare polar ozone filament event over Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii", vol 33, pgs. L16801, 2006. Reprint
  7. Manney, G.L., N.J. Livesey, C.J. Jimenez, H.C. Pumphrey, M.L. Santee, I.A. MacKenzie, J.W. Waters, "EOS Microwave Limb Sounder Observations of 'frozen-in' anticyclone air in Arctic summer", vol 33, pgs. L06810, 2006. Reprint Supplemental Summary
  8. Manney, G.L., M.L. Santee, L. Froidevaux, K. Hoppel, N.J. Livesey, J.W. Waters, "EOS MLS observations of ozone loss in the 2004-2005 Arctic winter", vol 33, pgs. L04802, 2006. Reprint Summary
  9. Oikonomou, E.K., A. O'Neill, "Evaluation of ozone and water vapor fields from the ECMWF reanalysis ERA-40 during 1991-1999 in comparison with UARS satellite and MOZAIC aircraft observations", vol 111, pgs. D14109, 2006. Reprint
  10. Schoeberl, M.R., S.R. Kawa, A.R. Douglass, T.J. McGee, E.V. Browell, J.W. Waters, N.J. Livesey, W.G. Read, L. Froidevaux, M.L. Santee, H.C. Pumphrey, L.R. Lait, L. Twigg, "Chemical Observations of a Polar Vortex Intrusion", vol 111, pgs. D20306, 2006. Reprint
  11. Ziemke, J.R., S. Chandra, B.N. Duncan, L. Froidevaux, P.K. Bhartia, P.F. Levelt, J.W. Waters, "Tropospheric ozone determined from Aura OMI and MLS: Evaluation of measurements and comparison with the Global Modeling Initiative's Chemical Tracer Model", vol 111, pgs. D19303, 2006. Reprint
  12. McCormack, J.P., S.D. Eckermann, D.E. Siskind, T.J. McGee, "CHEM2D-OPP: A new linearized gas-phase ozone photochemistry parameterization for high-altitude NWP and climate models", vol 6, pgs. 4943-4972, 2006. Reprint

2005

  1. Manney, G.L., M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, H.C. Pumphrey, J.W. Waters, S. Pawson, "EOS Microwave Limb Sounder Observations of the Antarctic Polar Vortex Breakup in 2004", vol 32, pgs. L12811, 2005. Reprint Summary
  2. Santee, M.L., G.L. Manney, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, H.C. Pumphrey, W.G. Read, M.J. Schwartz, J.W. Waters, "Polar processing and development of the 2004 Antarctic ozone hole: First results from Aura MLS", vol 32, pgs. L12817, 2005. Reprint Summary
  3. Wu, D.L., J.H. Jiang, "Interannual and Seasonal Variations of Diurnal Tide, Gravity Wave, Ozone, and Water Vapor as Observed by MLS during 1991-1994", vol 35, pgs. 1999-2004, 2005. Reprint Summary

2004

  1. Drouin, B.J., J. Fischer, R.R. Gamache, "Temperature dependent pressure induced lineshape of O3 rotational transitions in air", vol 83, num Issue 1, pgs. 63-83, 2004. Reprint Summary
  2. Mote, P.W., T.J. Dunkerton, "Kelvin wave signatures in stratospheric trace constituents", vol 109, pgs. D03101, 2004. Reprint Summary

2003

  1. Chandra, S., J.R. Ziemke, R.V. Martin, "Tropospheric ozone at tropical and middle latitudes derived from TOMS/MLS residual: Comparison with a global model", vol 108, num D9, pgs. 4291, 2003. Reprint
  2. Manney, G.L., L. Froidevaux, M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, J.L. Sabutis, J.W. Waters, "Variability of ozone loss during Arctic winter (1991 to 2000) estimated from UARS Microwave Limb Sounder measurements", vol 108, num D4, pgs. 4149, 2003. Reprint Summary
  3. Muller, R., S. Tilmes, J-U. Groos, D.S. McKenna, M. Muller, U. Schmidt, G.C. Toon, R.A. Stachnik, J.J. Margitan, J.W. Elkins, J. Arvelius, J.M. Russell, "Chlorine activation and chemical loss deduced from HALOE and balloon measurements in the Arctic during the winter of 1999-2000", vol 108, num D5, pgs. 8302, 2003. Reprint
  4. Rex, M., R.J. Salawitch, M.L. Santee, J.W. Waters, K. Hoppel, R. Bevilacqua, "On the unexplained stratospheric ozone losses during cold Arctic Januaries", vol 30, pgs. 1008, 2003. Reprint Summary

2002

  1. Danilin, M.Y., M K.W. Ko, R.M. Bevilacqua, L.V. Lyjak, L. Froidevaux, M.L. Santee, J.M. Zawodny, K.W. Hoppel, E.C. Richard, J.R. Spackman, E.M. Weinstock, R.L. Herman, K.A. McKinney, P.O. Wennberg, F.L. Eisele, R.M. Stimpfle, C.J. Scott, J.W. Elkins, T.V. Bui, "Comparison of ER-2 aircraft and POAM-III, MLS, and SAGE II satellite measurements during SOLVE using traditional correlative analysis and trajectory hunting techniques", vol 107, num D5, pgs. 8315, 2002. Reprint Summary
  2. Danilin, M.Y., M K.W. Ko, L. Froidevaux, M.L. Santee, L.V. Lyjak, R.M. Bevilacqua, J.M. Zawodny, Y. Sasano, H. Irie, Y. Kondo, J.M. Russell, C.J. Scott, W.G. Read, "Trajectory hunting as an effective technique to validate multiplatform measurements: Analysis of the MLS, HALOE, SAGE-II, ILAS, and POAM-II data in October-November 1996", vol 107, num D20, pgs. 4420, 2002. Reprint Summary
  3. Harris, N R.P., M. Rex, F. Goutail, B.M. Knudsen, G.L. Manney, R. Muller, P. von der Gathen, "Comparison of empirically derived ozone loss rates in the Arctic vortex", vol 107, num D20, pgs. 8264, 2002. Reprint Summary
  4. Struthers, H., R. Brugge, W.A. Lahoz, A. O'Neill, R. Swinbank, "Assimilation of Ozone Profiles and Total Column Measurements into a Global General Circulation Model", vol 107, num D20, pgs. 4438, 2002. Reprint

2001

  1. Azeem, S M.I., S.E. Pablo, D.L. Wu, L. Froidevaux, "Observations of the 2-day wave in UARS MLS temperature and ozone measurements", vol 28, num D16, pgs. 3147-3150, 2001. Reprint Summary
  2. Manney, G.L., H.A. Michelsen, R.M. Bevilacqua, M.R. Gunson, F.W. Irion, N.J. Livesey, J. Oberheide, M. Riese, J.M. Russell, G.C. Toon, J.M. Zawodny, "Comparison of satellite ozone observations in coincident air masses in early November 1994", vol 106, num D9, pgs. 9923-9943, 2001. Reprint
  3. Marsh, D., A. Smith, G. Brasseur, M. Kaufmann, K. Grossman, "The existence of a tertiary ozone maximum in the high-latitude middle mesosphere", vol 28, pgs. 4531-4534, 2001. Reprint Summary
  4. Orsolini, Y.J., G. Hanson, G.L. Manney, N.J. Livesey, U-P. Hoppe, "Lagrangian reconstruction of ozone column and profile at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) throughout the winter and spring of 1997-98", vol 106, num D9, pgs. 10,011-10,021, 2001. Reprint
  5. Wu, J., A.E. Dessler, "Comparisons between measurements and models of Antarctic ozone loss", vol 106, num D3, pgs. 3195-3201, 2001. Reprint

2000

  1. Cunnold, D.M., M.J. Newchurch, L.E. Hartmann, H.J. Wang, J.M. Russell, R. McPeters, J. Zawodny, L. Froidevaux, "Uncertainties in upper stratospheric ozone trends from 1979 to 1996", vol 105, num D4, pgs. 4427-4444, 2000. Reprint
  2. Santee, M.L., G.L. Manney, N.J. Livesey, J.W. Waters, "UARS Microwave Limb Sounder Observations of Denitrification and Ozone Loss in the 2000 Arctic Late Winter", vol 27, pgs. 3213-3216, 2000. Reprint

1999

  1. McPeters, R.D., D.J. Hofmann, M. Clark, L. Flynn, L. Froidevaux, M. Gross, B. Johnson, G. Koenig, I.S. McDermid, T. McGee, F. Murcray, S. Oltmans, A. Parrish, R. Schnell, U. Singh, J.J. Tsou, T. Walsh, J.M. Zawodny, "Results from the 1995 stratospheric ozone profile intercomparison at Mauna Loa (MLO3)", vol 104, num D23, pgs. 30,505-30,514, 1999. Reprint
  2. Mlynczak, M.G., C.J. Mertens, R.R. Garcia, R.W. Portmann, "A Detailed Evaluation of the Stratospheric Heat Budget, 2. Global Radiation Balance and Diabatic Circulations", vol 104, num D6, pgs. 6039-6066, 1999. Reprint
  3. Randel, W.J., F. Wu, J.M. Russell, J. Waters, "Space-time patterns of trends in stratospheric constituents derived from UARS measurements", vol 104, num D3, pgs. 3711-3727, 1999. Reprint
  4. Sassi, F., M. Salby, "Diurnal variations in the middle atmosphere observed by UARS", vol 104, num D3, pgs. 3729-3739, 1999. Reprint
  5. Solomon, S., "Stratospheric ozone depletion: A review of concepts and history", vol 37, pgs. 275-316, 1999. Reprint
  6. Wang, H.J., D.M. Cunnold, L. Froidevaux, J.M. Russell III, "A reference model for middle atmosphere ozone in 1992/1993", vol 104, num D17, pgs. 21,629-21,643, 1999. Reprint

1998

  1. Brinksma, E.J., Y.J. Meijer, B.J. Connor, G.L. Manney, J.B. Bergwerff, G.E. Bodeker, I.S. Boyd, J.B. Liley, W. Hogervorst, J.W. Hovenier, N.J. Livesey, D.P.J. Swart, "Analysis of Record-Low Ozone Values During the 1997 Winter over Lauder, New Zealand", vol 25, pgs. 2785-2788, 1998. Reprint
  2. Chandra, S., J.R. Ziemke, W. Min, W.G. Read, "Effects of 1997-1998 El Nino on tropospheric ozone and water vapor", vol 25, pgs. 3867-3870, 1998. Reprint
  3. Considine, D.B., A.E. Dessler, C.H. Jackman, J.E. Rosenfield, P.E. Meade, M.R. Schoeberl, A.E. Roche, J.W. Waters, "Interhemispheric asymmetry in the 1 mbar O3 trend: An analysis using an interactive zonal mean model and UARS data", vol 103, num D1, pgs. 1607-1618, 1998. Reprint
  4. Dessler, A.E., M.D. Burrage, J-U. Groos, J.R. Holton, J.L. Lean, S.T. Massie, M.R. Schoeberl, A.R. Douglass, C.H. Jackman, "Selected science highlights from the first 5 years of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) program", vol 36, pgs. 183-210, 1998. Reprint
  5. Grant, W.B., M.A. Fenn, E.V. Browell, T.J. McGee, U.N. Singh, M.R. Gross, I.S. McDermid, L. Froidevaux, P-H. Wang, "Correlative stratospheric ozone measurements with the airborne UV DIAL system during TOTE/VOTE", vol 25, pgs. 623-626, 1998. Reprint
  6. Harris, N., R. Hudson, C. Phillips, C. Phillips, "Assessment of trends in the vertical distribution of ozone", vol Rep. 43, pgs. 289 pages, 1998.
  7. Hood, L.L., S. Zhou, "Stratospheric effects of 27-day solar ultraviolet variations: An analysis of UARS MLS ozone and temperature data", vol 103, num D3, pgs. 3629-3638, 1998. Reprint
  8. Khosravi, R., G.P. Brasseur, A. Smith, D.W. Rusch, J.W. Waters, J.M. Russell III, "Significant Reduction in Stratospheric Ozone Deficit using a 3-D Model Constrained with UARS Data", vol 103, num D13, pgs. 16,203-16,219, 1998. Reprint
  9. Levelt, P.F., B.V. Khattatov, J.C. Gille, G.P. Brasseur, X.X. Tie, J.W. Waters, "Assimilation of the MLS ozone measurements in the global three-dimensional chemistry transport model ROSE", vol 25, pgs. 4493-4496, 1998. Reprint
  10. Manney, G.L., J.C. Bird, D.P. Donovan, T.J. Duck, J.A. Whiteway, S.R. Pal, A.I. Carswell, "Modelling ozone laminae in ground-based Arctic wintertime observations using trajectory calculations and satellite data", vol 103, num D5, pgs. 5797-5814, 1998. Reprint
  11. Morris, G.A., S.R. Kawa, A.R. Douglass, M.R. Schoeberl, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, "Low ozone pockets explained", vol 103, num D3, pgs. 3599-3610, 1998. Reprint
  12. Nair, H., M. Allen, L. Froidevaux, R.W. Zurek, "Localized Rapid Ozone Loss in the Northern Winter Stratosphere: An Analysis of UARS Observations", vol 103, num D1, pgs. 1555-1571, 1998. Reprint
  13. Ricaud, P., E. Monnier, F. Goutail, J-P. Pommereau, C. David, S. Godin, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, J. Mergenthaler, A.E. Roche, H. Pumphrey, M.P. Chipperfield, "Stratosphere over Dumont d'Urville, Antarctica, in winter 1992", vol 103, num D11, pgs. 13,267-13,284, 1998. Reprint
  14. Ziemke, J.R., S. Chandra, P.K. Bhartia, "Two new methods for deriving tropospheric column ozone from TOMS measurements: Assimilated UARS MLS/HALOE and convective-cloud differential techniques", vol 103, num D17, pgs. 22,115-22,127, 1998. Reprint

1997

  1. Allen, D.R., J.L. Stanford, L.S. Elson, E.F. Fishbein, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, "The 4-day wave as observed from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder", vol 54, pgs. 420-434, 1997. Reprint
  2. Engel, A., U. Schmidt, R.A. Stachnik, "Partitioning Between Chlorine Reservoir Species Deduced from Observations in the Arctic Winter Stratosphere", vol 27, pgs. 107-126, 1997. Reprint
  3. Huang, F.T., C.A. Reber, J. Austin, "Ozone diurnal variations observed by UARS and their model simulation", vol 102, num D11, pgs. 12,971-12,985, 1997. Reprint
  4. Manney, G.L., L. Froidevaux, M.L. Santee, R.W. Zurek, J.W. Waters, "MLS observations of Arctic ozone loss in 1996-97", vol 24, pgs. 2697-2700, 1997. Reprint
  5. Orsolini, Y.J., G. Hansen, U. Hoppe, G.L. Manney, K. Fricke, "Dynamical modelling of wintertime lidar observations in the arctic: Ozone laminae and ozone depletion", vol 123, pgs. 785-800, 1997.
  6. Pumphrey, H.C., R.S. Harwood, "Water Vapour and Ozone in the Mesosphere as measured by UARS MLS", vol 24, pgs. 1399-1402, 1997. Reprint
  7. Santee, M.L., G.L. Manney, L. Froidevaux, R.W. Zurek, J.W. Waters, "MLS observations of ClO and HNO3 in the 1996-97 Arctic polar vortex", vol 24, pgs. 2713-2716, 1997. Reprint

1996

  1. Chance, K., W.A. Traub, D.G. Johnson, K.W. Jucks, P. Ciarpallini, R.A. Stachnik, R.J. Salawitch, H.A. Michelsen, "Simultaneous measurements of stratospheric HOx, NOx and Clx: Comparsion with a photochemical model", vol 101, num D4, pgs. 9031-9043, 1996. Reprint
  2. Chandra, S., L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, O.R. White, G.J. Rottman, D.K. Prinz, G.E. Brueckner, "Ozone variability in the upper stratosphere during the declining phase of solar cycle 22", vol 23, pgs. 2935-2938, 1996. Reprint
  3. Chipperfield, M.P., M.L. Santee, L. Froidevaux, G.L. Manney, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, A.E. Roche, J.M. Russell III, "Analyses of UARS data in the southern polar vortex in September 1992 using a chemical transport model", vol 101, num D13, pgs. 18,861-18,881, 1996. Reprint
  4. Cunnold, D., H. Wang, W.P. Chu, L. Froidevaux, "Comparisons between Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II and microwave limb sounder ozone measurements and aliasing of SAGE II ozone trends in the lower stratosphere", vol 101, num D6, pgs. 10,061-10,075, 1996. Reprint
  5. Cunnold, D., L. Froidevaux, J.M. Russell III, B. Connor, A. Roche, "Overview of UARS ozone validation based primarily on intercomparisons among UARS and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II measurements", vol 101, num D6, pgs. 10,335-10,350, 1996. Reprint
  6. Eluszkiewicz, J., D. Crisp, R.W. Zurek, L.S. Elson, E.F. Fishbein, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, R. Grainger, A. Lambert, R.S. Harwood, G.E. Peckham, "Residual circulation in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere as diagnosed from Microwave Limb Sounder data", vol 53, pgs. 217-240, 1996. Reprint
  7. Froidevaux, L., W.G. Read, T.A. Lungu, R.E. Cofield, E.F. Fishbein, D.A. Flower, R.F. Jarnot, B.P. Ridenoure, Z. Shippony, J.W. Waters, J.J. Margitan, I.S. McDermid, R.A. Stachnik, G.E. Peckham, G. Braathen, T. Deshler, J. Fishman, D.J. Hofmann, S.J. Oltmans, "Validation of UARS Microwave Limb Sounder ozone measurements", vol 101, num D6, pgs. 10,017-10,060, 1996. Reprint
  8. Jackman, C.H., E.L. Fleming, S. Chandra, D.B. Considine, J.E. Rosenfield, "Past, present, and future modeled ozone trends with comparisons to observed trends", vol 101, num D22, pgs. 28,753-28,767, 1996. Reprint
  9. MacKenzie, I., R.S. Harwood, L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, "Chemical loss of polar vortex ozone inferred from UARS MLS measurements of ClO during the Arctic and Antarctic springs of 1993", vol 101, num D9, pgs. 14,505-14,518, 1996. Reprint
  10. Manney, G.L., L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, M.L. Santee, W.G. Read, D.A. Flower, R.F. Jarnot, R.W. Zurek, "Arctic ozone depletion observed by UARS MLS during the 1994-95 winter", vol 23, pgs. 85-88, 1996. Reprint
  11. Manney, G.L., M.L. Santee, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, R.W. Zurek, "Polar vortex conditions during the 1995-96 Arctic winter: Meteorology and MLS ozone", vol 23, pgs. 3203-3206, 1996. Reprint
  12. Ricaud, P., J. de La Noe, B.J. Connor, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, R.S. Harwood, I.A. MacKenzie, G.E. Peckham, "Diurnal variability of mesospheric ozone as measured by the UARS microwave limb sounder instrument: Theoretical and ground-based validations", vol 101, num D6, pgs. 10,077-10,089, 1996. Reprint
  13. Santee, M.L., G.L. Manney, W.G. Read, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, "Polar vortex conditions during the 1995-96 Arctic winter: MLS ClO and HNO3", vol 23, pgs. 3207-3210, 1996. Reprint
  14. Schoeberl, M.R., A.R. Douglass, S.R. Kawa, A.E. Dessler, P.A. Newman, R.S. Stolarski, A.E. Roche, J.W. Waters, J.M. Russell, "The development of the Antarctic ozone hole", vol 101, num D15, pgs. 20,909-20,924, 1996. Reprint
  15. Ziemke, J.R., S. Chandra, A.M. Thompson, D.P. McNamara, "Zonal asymmetries in southern hemisphere column ozone: Implications of biomass burning", vol 101, num D9, pgs. 14,421-14,427, 1996. Reprint

1995

  1. Canziani, P.O., J.R. Holton, E. Fishbein, L. Froidevaux, "Equatorial Kelvin wave variability during 1992 and 1993", vol 100, num D3, pgs. 5193-5202, 1995. Reprint
  2. Douglass, A.R., M.R. Schoeberl, R.S. Stolarski, J.W. Waters, J.M. Russell, A.E. Roche, "Interhemispheric differences in springtime production of HCl and ClONO2 in the polar vortices", vol 100, num D7, pgs. 13,967-13,978, 1995. Reprint
  3. Eckman, R.S., W.L. Grose, R.E. Turner, W.T. Blackshear, J.M. Russell, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, J.B. Kumer, A.E. Roche, "Stratospheric trace constituents simulated by a three-dimensional general circulation model: Comparison with UARS data", vol 100, num D7, pgs. 13,951-13,966, 1995. Reprint
  4. Fahey, D.W., G. Braathen, D. Cariolle, Y. Kondo, W.A. Matthews, M.J. Molina, J.A. Pyle, R.B. Rood, J.M. Russell, U. Schmidt, D.W. Toohey, J.W. Waters, C.R. Webster, S.C. Wofsy, "Polar Ozone", vol 1994, num ch.4, 1995.
  5. Jones, R.L., L. Avallone, L. Froidevaux, S. Godin, L. Gray, S. Kinne, M.E. McIntyre, P.A. Newman, R.A. Plumb, J.A. Pyle, J.M. Russell, M. Tolbert, R. Toumi, A.F. Tuck, P. Wennberg, "Tropical and midlatitude ozone", vol 1994, num ch.4, 1995.
  6. Manney, G.L., L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, R.W. Zurek, "Evolution of microwave limb sounder ozone and the polar vortex during winter", vol 100, num D2, pgs. 2953-2972, 1995. Reprint
  7. Manney, G.L., L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, R.W. Zurek, J.C. Gille, J.B. Kumer, J.L. Mergenthaler, A.E. Roche, , "Formation of low ozone pockets in the middle stratosphere anticyclone during winter", vol 100, num D7, pgs. 13,939-13,950, 1995. Reprint
  8. Manney, G.L., R.W. Zurek, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, A. O'Neill, R. Swinbank, "Lagrangian transport calculations using UARS data. Part II: Ozone", vol 52, pgs. 3069-3081, 1995. Reprint
  9. Manney, G.L., R.W. Zurek, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, "Evidence for arctic ozone depletion in late February and early March 1994", vol 22, pgs. 2941-2944, 1995. Reprint
  10. Randel, W.J., F. Wu, J.M. Russell, J.W. Waters, L. Froidevaux, "Ozone and temperature changes in the stratosphere following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo", vol 100, num D8, pgs. 16,753-16,764, 1995. Reprint
  11. Ricaud, P.D., E.S. Carr, R.S. Harwood, W.A. Lahoz, L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, J.L. Mergenthaler, J.B. Kumer, A.E. Roche, G.E. Peckham, "Polar stratospheric clouds as deduced from MLS and CLAES measurements", vol 22, pgs. 2033-2036, 1995. Reprint
  12. Rosenlof, K.H., "Seasonal cycle of the residual mean meridional circulation in the stratosphere", vol 100, num D3, pgs. 5173-5191, 1995. Reprint
  13. Santee, M.L., W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, L. Froidevaux, G.L. Manney, D.A. Flower, R.F. Jarnot, R.S. Harwood, G.E. Peckham, "Interhemispheric differences in polar stratospheric HNO3, H2O, ClO and O3", vol 267, pgs. 849-852, 1995. Reprint

1994

  1. Canziani, P.O., J.R. Holton, E.F. Fishbein, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, "Equatorial Kelvin Waves: A UARS MLS View", vol 51, pgs. 3053-3076, 1994. Reprint
  2. Elson, L.S., G.L. Manney, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, "Large-scale variations in ozone from the first two years of UARS MLS data", vol 51, pgs. 2867-2876, 1994. Reprint
  3. Froidevaux, L., J.W. Waters, W.G. Read, L.S. Elson, D.A. Flower, R.F. Jarnot, "Global ozone observations from UARS MLS: an overview of zonal mean results", vol 51, pgs. 2846-2866, 1994. Reprint
  4. Lefevre, F., G.P. Brasseur, I. Folkins, A.K. Smith, P. Simon, "Chemistry of the 1991-1992 stratospheric winter: Three-dimensional model simulations", vol 99, num D4, pgs. 8183-8195, 1994. Reprint
  5. Manney, G.L., L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, R.W. Zurek, W.G. Read, L.S. Elson, J.B. Kumer, J.L. Mergenthaler, A.E. Roche, A. O'Neill, R.S. Harwood, I. MacKenzie, R. Swinbank, "Chemical depletion of ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere during winter 1992-93", vol 370, pgs. 429-434, 1994. Reprint
  6. Ray, E., J.R. Holton, E.F. Fishbein, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, "The tropical semiannual oscillation in temperature and ozone observed by the MLS", vol 51, pgs. 3045-3052, 1994. Reprint
  7. Redaelli, G., L. Lait, M. Schoeberl, P.A. Newman, G. Visconti, A. D'Altorio, F. Masci, V. Rizi, L. Froidevaux, J. Waters, A.J. Miller, "UARS MLS O3 soundings compared with lidar measurements using the conservative coordinates reconstruction technique", vol 21, pgs. 1535-1538, 1994. Reprint

1993

  1. Elson, L.S., L. Froidevaux, "The use of Fourier transforms for asynoptic mapping: Early results from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder", vol 98, pgs. 23,039-23,049, 1993. Reprint
  2. Geller, M.A., Y. Chi, R.B. Rood, A.R. Douglass, D.R. Allen, M. Cerniglia, J.W. Waters, "3-D transport-chemistry studies of the stratosphere using satellite data together with data assimilation", 1993.
  3. Manney, G.L., L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, L.S. Elson, E.F. Fishbein, R.W. Zurek, R.S. Harwood, W.A. Lahoz, "The evolution of ozone observed by UARS MLS in the 1992 late winter southern polar vortex", vol 20, pgs. 1279-1282, 1993. Reprint
  4. Waters, J.W., L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, G.L. Manney, L.S. Elson, D.A. Flower, R.F. Jarnot, R.S. Harwood, "Stratospheric ClO and ozone from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite", vol 362, pgs. 597-602, 1993. Reprint
  5. Waters, J.W., L. Froidevaux, G.L. Manney, W.G. Read, L.S. Elson, "Lower stratospheric ClO and O3 in the 1992 southern hemisphere winter", vol 20, pgs. 1219-1222, 1993. Reprint
  6. Waters, J.W., "The chlorine threat to stratospheric ozone", vol LVI, pgs. 2-13, 1993.

1992

  1. Oh, J.J., E.A. Cohen, "Pressure broadening of ozone lines near 184 and 206 GHz by nitrogen and oxygen", vol 48, pgs. 405-408, 1992.

1990

  1. Robbins, D., J.W. Waters, P. Zimmermann, R. Jarnot, J. Hardy, H. Pickett, S. Pollitt, W. Traub, K. Chance, N. Louisnard, W. Evans, J. Kerr, "Ozone measurements from the balloon intercomparison campaign", vol 10, pgs. 181-218, 1990.


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