28
28-1 | Dilated eye examinations |
28-2 | Vision screening for children |
28-3 | Impairment due to refractive errors |
28-4 | Impairment in children and adolescents |
28-5 | Impairment due to diabetic retinopathy |
28-6 | Impairment due to glaucoma |
28-7 | Impairment due to cataract |
28-8 | Occupational eye injury |
28-9 | Protective eyewear |
28-10 | Vision rehabilitation services and devices |
28-10a | Rehabilitation services |
28-10b | Visual and adaptive devices |
28-11 | Newborn hearing screening, evaluation, and intervention |
28-12 | Otitis media |
28-13 | Rehabilitation for hearing impairment |
28-14 | Hearing examination |
28-15 | Evaluation and treatment referrals |
28-16 | Hearing protection |
28-17 | Noise-induced hearing loss in children |
28-18 | Noise-induced hearing loss in adults |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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A proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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A proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and BRFSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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A proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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A proposed national data source is the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS. |
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See Part C for a description of NHANES and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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National Data Source |
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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State Data Source |
Not identified. |
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Healthy People 2000 Objective |
Not applicable. |
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Measure |
Rate per 1,000 population. |
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Baseline |
25 (1997). |
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Numerator |
Number of children and adolescents aged 17 years and under who have trouble seeing, even when wearing glasses or contact lenses. |
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Denominator |
Number of children and adolescents aged 17 years and under. |
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Population Targeted |
U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. |
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Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
From the 1997 National Health Interview Survey: |
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Ø Does—have any trouble seeing? (If age 2+ years:) even when wearing glasses or focus area contact lenses? |
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Expected Periodicity |
Annual. |
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Comments |
See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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A proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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A proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that damages the retina and is a major cause of blindness among people with diabetes. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and BRFSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is theNational Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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From the 1999 NHIS, the proposed question used to obtain the national data is: Ø Have you EVER been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had glaucoma? |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and BRFSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is theNational Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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From the 1999 NHIS, the proposed question to obtain the national data is: Ø These next questions are about your eyesight. Do you now have cataracts? |
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Cataract is classified as a cloudiness of the lens that may prevent a clear image from forming on the retina. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and BRFSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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Proposed national data sources are the Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (ASOII), DOL, BLS and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), CPSC, and NIOSH. |
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See Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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A proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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Recreational activities include baseball, basketball, tennis, racquetball, and hockey. |
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Hazardous situations around the home include cooking and yard work. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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28-10a. Increase the use of rehabilitation services by persons with visual impairments. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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A proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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See Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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A proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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See Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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A proposed data source is the State-based Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) Program Network, CDC. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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National Data Sources |
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), CDC, NCHS; National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), CDC, NCHS. |
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State Data Source |
Not identified. |
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Healthy People 2000 Objective |
Not applicable. |
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Measure |
Rate per 1,000 population. |
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Baseline |
344.7 (1997). |
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Numerator |
Number of visits to ambulatory care facilities with a diagnosis of otitis media (any mention of ICD-9-CM codes 381.0-381.4, 382) among children and adolescents aged 17 years and under. |
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Denominator |
Number of children and adolescents aged 17 years and under. |
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Population Targeted |
U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. |
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Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
Not applicable. |
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Expected Periodicity |
Annual. |
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Comments |
The number of otitis media visits to ambulatory care facilities obtained from NAMCS are added to the number of visits obtained from NHAMCS. |
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Otitis media, commonly called ear infection, is an inflammation of the middle ear caused by viral or bacterial infection. |
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Ambulatory care facilities include physicians’ offices, hospital emergency departments and outpatient departments. |
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See Part C for a description of NAMCS and NHAMCS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed questions to obtain the national data will be included in the 2001 NHIS. |
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Rehabilitation services are those services that address the needs in daily living skills that are directly related to hearing loss. |
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Adaptive devices include large-print materials (books, newspaper), check-writing guides, high-contrast watch dials, and auditory aids, such as talking computers. |
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A hearing aid is an electronic device that brings amplified sound to the ear, usually consisting of a microphone, amplifier, and receiver. |
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Cochlear implant is a medical device that bypasses damaged structures in the inner ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve, allowing some deaf individuals to hear and to maintain or develop speech and language. |
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Tactile devices are mechanical instruments that make use of touch to help individuals to communicate who have certain disabilities, such as deafness and blindness. |
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Assistive devices are technical tools and devices used to aid individuals who have communication disorders in performing actions, tasks, and activities. Examples include alphabet boards, text telephones (TT/TTY/TTD), and text-to-speech conversion software. (See Focus Area 6. Disability and Secondary Conditions.) |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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Proposed national data sources are the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed questions to obtain the national data will be included in the 2001 NHIS. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS, NHANES, and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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Proposed national data sources are the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), CDC, NCHS, and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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See Part C for a description of NAMCS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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|
A proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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|
The proposed questions to obtain the national data will be included in the 2001 NHIS. |
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|
See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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A proposed national data source is the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS. |
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Noise-induced hearing loss is caused by either a one-time exposure to very loud sound(s) or by repeated exposure to sounds at various loudness levels over an extended period of time. Hearing loss may be temporary or permanent. |
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See Part C for a description of NHANES and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of the publication. |
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Proposed national data sources are the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS. |
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Proposed questions used to obtain the national data will be included in the 2001 NHIS. |
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Hearing loss for adults aged 20 to 69 years is determined from a hearing test conducted in each ear at 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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