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Case Summary - Steven A. Leadon[Federal Register: June 8, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 110)]
Specifically, PHS found that Dr. Leadon engaged in scientific misconduct by falsifying DNA samples and constructing falsified figures for experiments done in his laboratory to support claimed findings of defects in a DNA repair process that involved rapid repair of DNA damage in the transcribed strand of active genes, included in four grant applications and in eight publications and one published manuscript, which were included as an Appendix to the Voluntary Exclusion Agreement entered into by Dr. Leadon and are as follows:
Figures 1 A-D, 3A, 3C, ajd 3D and graphs in the unpublished manuscript by Rauscher, F. J. III, Jensen, D.E., Patel, G., Fredericks, W.J., Schultz, D.C., Proctor, M., Sekido, Y., Minna, J., Chernova, T.A., Wilkinson, K.D., Avrutskaya, A.V., & Leadon, S.A. ``BRCA1-associated ubiquitin hydrolase required for transcription-coupled repair of oxidative DNA damage.'' Submitted to Science on May 16, 2001. In figure 4 in grant application 2 R01 CA40453-14 (pp. 17-18), data from this unpublished manuscript was used regarding BAP1 defects in TCR. Figure 1A and 3A in the article by Cooper, P.K., Nouspikel, T., Clarkson, S.g., and Leadon, S.A., ``Defective transcription-coupled repair of oxidative base damage in Cockayne syndrome patients from XP group G,'' Science 275: 990-993, 1997. In NIH grant application R01 CA40453-10A1, some of the same data for XPG or XP-G/CS cells from this Science article were included by Dr. Leadon as graphs (Figures 4 and 5, pp. 25-27) before the Science paper was published. Figure 1C, 2A and 2B in the article by LePage, F., Kwoh, E.E., Avrutskaya, A., Gentil, A., Leadon, S.A., Sarasin, A., & Cooper, P.K. ``Transcription-coupled repair of 8-oxoguanine: requirement for XPG, TFIIH, and CSB and implications for Cockayne syndrome.'' Cell 101:159-171, 2000. Figure 7 in grant application 1 R01 CA092390-01.
Figure 6 in the article Nouspikel, T., Lalle, P., Leadon, S.A., Cooper, P.K., & Clarkson, S.g. ``A common mutational pattern in Cockayne syndrome patients from xeroderma pigmentosum group G: Implications for a second XPG function,'' Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 3116-3121, 1997.
(A) ``I have recently had the opportunity to review some of the raw data used for this paper in the above-referenced publication, and it is clear that the data as reported in this paper cannot be relied upon. Therefore, I request that you retract this paper.'' A letter using only the aforementioned language in this subsection will be sent to Mutation Research to retract the following paper: Leadon, S.A., Barbee, S.L., & Dunn, A.B. ``The yeast RAD2, but not RAD1, gene is involved in the transcription-coupled repair of thymine glycols.'' Mutation Research 337:169-178, 1995. (B) ``I have recently had the opportunity to review some of the raw data used for Figure 6 in this paper in the above-referenced publication, and it is clear that the data as reported in this figure cannot be relied upon. Therefore, I request that you retract Figure 6 of this paper.'' A letter using only the aforementioned language in this subsection will be sent to Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences concerning the following article: Nouspikel, T., Lalle, P., Leadon, S.A., Cooper, P.K., & Clarkson, S.G. ``A common mutational pattern in Cockayne syndrome patients from xeroderma pigmentosum group G: Implications for a second XPG function.'' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94:3116-3121, 1997. (C) ``I have recently had the opportunity to review some of the raw data used for Figures 7B and 7C in this paper in the above-referenced publication, and it is clear that the data as reported in these figures cannot be relied upon. Therefore, I request that you retract Figure 7B and 7C of this paper.'' A letter using only the aforementioned language in this subsection will be sent to Molecular and Cellular Biology concerning the following article: Cressman, V.L., Backlund, D.C., Avrutskaya, A.V., Leadon, S.A., & Koller, B.H. ``Growth retardation, DNA repair defects, and lack of spermatogensis in BRCA1-deficient mice.'' Molecular and Cellular Biology 19:7061- 7075, 1999.
Director, Division of Investigative Oversight Office of Research Integrity 1101 Wootton Parkway, Suite 750 Rockville, MD 20852 (240) 453-8800.
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