AOD Thesaurus.  Annotated Hierarchy.  chemical substances by function.  Y - YD10.2
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Ychemical substances by function   b-out   d-out   qh
SN Chemical substances can be classified in two ways, by function and by chemical structure. Section Y lists classes of chemical substances by function, for example, *+YW CNS agents* qh ah or *+YW8 CNS stimulants* qh ah; this could be called an extrinsic classification of substances. Section Z classifies chemical substances by their structure; this could be called an intrinsic classification of substances. As a rule, specific substances have their main home in section Z with a cross-reference from the appropriate functional class in Y. In some areas, pragmatic considerations dictate a deviation from this rule: Specific enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, and vitamins have their main home in Y with a cross-reference in Z (if the structure is known). A classification of proteins by function is included in Z under *+ZO6 proteins* qh ah (with a cross-reference from Y).
NT+Be AOD substance or product    qh   ah
RT BN other specific drug of abuse    qh   ah
+EB8e biosynthesis    qh   ah
+OA technology, manufacturing, and agriculture    qh   ah
+RJ2 chemical substance as study subject    qh   ah


YAenutrients   d-out   qh
ST essential nutrients
NT+YBe vitamins    qh   ah
 ZO6.6.6e dietary proteins    qh   ah
RT+EA24e nutrition    qh   ah
+EA24.4e nutritional value or requirement    qh   ah
+OG food product    qh   ah
+ZHe carbohydrates    qh   ah
+ZK lipids, fatty acids, fats and oils    qh   ah
+ZO6e proteins    qh   ah

YA2essential amino acids   qh
NT ZO2.2.2.4e valine    qh   ah
 ZO2.2.2.6e leucine    qh   ah
 ZO2.2.2.8e isoleucine    qh   ah
+ZO2.2.2.12e phenylalanine    qh   ah
 ZO2.2.2.14e tryptophan    qh   ah
+ZO2.2.2.16e methionine    qh   ah
+ZO2.2.4.6e threonine    qh   ah
 ZO2.2.8.2e histidine    qh   ah
 ZO2.2.8.4e lysine    qh   ah
+ZO2.2.8.6e arginine    qh   ah
BT+ZO2.2e primary amino acids    qh   ah
RT+ZO2.2.4.8e cysteine    qh   ah
 ZO2.2.4.10e tyrosine    qh   ah

YA4emineral nutrients   qh
NT+EB28e mineral metabolism    qh   ah
+GR12e mineral metabolism disorder    qh   ah
RT+BX2.2.4e congener    qh   ah
+EA24.4e nutritional value or requirement    qh   ah
+ZA2.4.4.6e calcium    qh   ah
+ZCe inorganic compounds    qh   ah
YA4.2.  trace elements   qh
NT ZA2.4.2.8e rubidium    qh   ah
+ZA2.4.4.4e magnesium    qh   ah
 ZA2.6.2e zinc    qh   ah
 ZA2.10.4e silicon    qh   ah
 ZA2.14.6e selenium    qh   ah
 ZA2.20.2.6e chromium    qh   ah
 ZA2.20.2.8e manganese    qh   ah
+ZA2.20.2.10e iron    qh   ah
 ZA2.20.2.12e cobalt    qh   ah
+ZA2.20.2.16e copper    qh   ah

YBevitamins   d-out   qh
NT HR4e vitamin therapy    qh   ah
BT+YAe nutrients    qh   ah
+ZDe organic compounds    qh   ah
RT+BX2.2.4e congener    qh   ah
 GC2.6 abuse of non-dependence-producing substance    qh   ah
+YM16e growth substances    qh   ah
 YM16.4e growth-promoting factors    qh   ah
YB2.  lipid soluble vitamins   qh
ST fat soluble vitamins
NT YB10e vitamin A    qh   ah
 YB16e vitamin E    qh   ah
YB4.  water soluble vitamins   qh
YB6e.  ascorbic acid   qh
ST vitamin C
RT GH14.4.6.10e vitamin C deficiency    qh   ah
YB6.2.  .  dehydroascorbic acid   qh
YB8e.  flavonoids   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "bioflavanoids". ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST bioflavonoids
vitamin P complex
NT+ZT6.8.2.2 flavones    qh   ah
BT+ZG8.2e glycosides    qh   ah
RT+YZ10 pigments and dyes    qh   ah
+ZT6.18.4e flavins    qh   ah
YB8.2.  .  quercetin   qh
YB8.4.  .  hesperidin   qh
YB8.6.  .  rutin   qh
YB10e.  vitamin A   qh
ST 3,4-didehydroretinol
dehydroretinal
BT+YB2 lipid soluble vitamins    qh   ah
+ZU10.8e retinoids    qh   ah
YB12e.  vitamin B complex   qh
NT+ZF2.12.4e inositol    qh   ah
+ZJ2.10.10.2.2e aminobenzoic acid    qh   ah
+ZP18.4e nicotinic acid    qh   ah
 ZP18.4.2e niacin    qh   ah
 ZP18.6.4e nicotinamide    qh   ah
+ZT4.26.6.2e pyridoxal    qh   ah
 ZT4.26.6.4e pyridoxamine    qh   ah
YB12.2e.  .  biotin   qh
ST vitamin H
YB12.4e.  .  carnitines   qh
YB12.6e.  .  folic acid   qh
ST pteroylpolyglutamic acid
NT+GT2.6.14.2 folic acid deficiency anemia    qh   ah
RT+GT2.6.14.2.4e megaloblastic anemia    qh   ah
+HF16.6 erythrocyte parameter    qh   ah
YB12.8e.  .  folates   qh
YB12.10.  .  formyltetrahydrofolates   qh
YB12.12.  .  lipoic acid   qh
BT+YD4e coenzymes    qh   ah
YB12.14.  .  pangamic acid   qh
YB12.16e.  .  pantothenic acid   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
YB12.18e.  .  pyridoxine   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST vitamin B6
RT GT2.6.18 sideroblastic anemia    qh   ah
YB12.20e.  .  riboflavin   qh
BT+YZ10 pigments and dyes    qh   ah
+ZT6.18.4e flavins    qh   ah
RT YC16.16 riboflavin synthase    qh   ah
YB12.22e.  .  thiamine   qh
BT+ZO2e amino acids    qh   ah
RT+GH14.4.6.8e thiamine deficiency    qh   ah
 YC16.14.6.18 thiamine pyrophosphokinase    qh   ah
YB12.22.2.  .  .  thiamine monophosphate   qh
YB12.22.4.  .  .  thiamine pyrophosphate   qh
BT+YD4e coenzymes    qh   ah
YB12.22.6.  .  .  thiamine triphosphate   qh
YB12.24e.  .  vitamin B12   qh
ST cyanocobalamin
BT+YT14.10 hematinics    qh   ah
RT GT2.6.14.2.4.2 pernicious anemia    qh   ah
+HF16.6 erythrocyte parameter    qh   ah
+ZXe coordination compounds    qh   ah
YB12.24.2.  .  .  cobamides   qh
YB12.24.4.  .  .  cobalamin   qh
YB12.24.6.  .  .  hydroxocobalamin   qh
YB12.24.8.  .  .  transcobalamins   qh
YB14e.  vitamin D   qh
YB14.2.  .  dihydrotachysterol   qh
BT+ZV12.4.2.2 ketocholesterols    qh   ah
YB14.4.  .  ergocalciferol   qh
BT+ZV12.4.2.2 ketocholesterols    qh   ah
YB14.6.  .  ergosterol   qh
BT+ZV12.4.4 phytosterol    qh   ah
YB14.8.  .  cholecalciferol   qh
ST vitamin D3
BT+ZV12.2e cholestene    qh   ah
+ZV12.4e sterols    qh   ah
YB16e.  vitamin E   qh
ST alpha-tocopherol
BT+YB2 lipid soluble vitamins    qh   ah
+ZU10.8e retinoids    qh   ah
YB18e.  vitamin K   qh
ST menadione
menaquinone
phytonadione
BT+YT14.6.4 heparin antagonists    qh   ah
+ZU10.8e retinoids    qh   ah
RT GF2.6.12 abnormal bruising    qh   ah
 GH14.4.6.14e vitamin K deficiency    qh   ah
+GT2.12 blood coagulation disorder    qh   ah
YB20.  vitamin U   qh


YCeenzymes   d-out   qh
SN Enzymes are proteins, thus they could have their main home in *+Z chemical substances by structure* qh ah. The identification of enzymes, however, is based on their function rather than their chemical structure. Therefore, enzymes have their main place in Section Y.
BT+ZDe organic compounds    qh   ah
+ZMe organic nitrogen compounds    qh   ah
+ZO6e proteins    qh   ah
+ZO6.6 proteins by function    qh   ah
RT+YC18e enzyme precursors    qh   ah
+YD enzyme-related substances    qh   ah
+YD8e enzyme inhibitors    qh   ah

YC2eisoenzymes   qh
SN One of different forms of an enzyme that are all judged to be the same enzyme based on the fact that they catalyze the same reaction.
ST isozyme

YC4ehydrolases   qh
YC4.2.  amidohydrolases   qh
YC4.2.2.  .  beta-lactamases   qh
YC4.2.2.2.  .  .  penicillinase   qh
YC4.2.4.  .  urease   qh
YC4.4.  aminohydrolases   qh
ST nucleoside deaminase
YC4.6e.  esterases   qh
ST ester hydrolase
YC4.6.2e.  .  cholesteryl ester transfer protein   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
YC4.6.4.  .  carboxylic ester hydrolases   qh
YC4.6.4.2e.  .  .  cholinesterase   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
RT+YD8.4 cholinesterase inhibitors    qh   ah
+YD10.2 cholinesterase reactivators    qh   ah
YC4.6.4.2.2e.  .  .  .  acetylcholinesterase   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST acetylcholine hydrolase
RT+ZN2.18.2e acetylcholine    qh   ah
YC4.6.4.4e.  .  .  lipases   qh
RT EP2.6 gastric secretion    qh   ah
 XM4.2.6e pancreatic juice    qh   ah
YC4.6.4.6e.  .  .  phospholipases   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST phospholipase A or D
YC4.6.4.6.2.  .  .  .  phospholipase C   qh
ST alpha-toxin
lecithinase C
PLC
RT+ZF2.12.4.2e inositol phosphate    qh   ah
 ZK2.2.4e phosphoinositide    qh   ah
YC4.6.6e.  .  phosphatases   qh
YC4.6.6.2e.  .  .  alkaline phosphatases   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
RT HG12.8e liver function test    qh   ah
YC4.6.6.4e.  .  .  ATPases   qh
ST adenosine triphosphatases
YC4.6.6.4.2.  .  .  .  calcium ATPase   qh
ST calcium adenosine triphosphatase
YC4.6.6.4.4.  .  .  .  H+-transporting ATPase   qh
ST H+-transporting adenosine triphosphatase
YC4.6.6.4.6.  .  .  .  magnesium ATPase   qh
ST magnesium adenosine triphosphatase
YC4.6.6.4.8.  .  .  .  myosin ATPase   qh
ST myosin adenosine triphosphatase
YC4.6.6.4.10.  .  .  .  sodium-potassium ATPase   qh
ST sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase
YC4.6.6.6.  .  .  phosphodiesterases   qh
RT YD8.8 phosphodiesterase inhibitors    qh   ah
YC4.6.6.6.2.  .  .  .  deoxyribonuclease   qh
YC4.6.6.6.4.  .  .  .  ribonuclease   qh
YC4.6.6.8.  .  .  phosphomonoesterases   qh
YC4.6.6.8.2.  .  .  .  phosphatidate phosphatase   qh
YC4.6.6.8.4.  .  .  .  phosphoprotein phosphatase   qh
YC4.6.6.8.6.  .  .  .  phosphorylase phosphatase   qh
YC4.6.6.8.8.  .  .  .  pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase   qh
YC4.6.6.10.  .  .  pyrophosphatases   qh
YC4.6.6.10.2.  .  .  .  thiamine pyrophosphatase   qh
YC4.6.6.12.  .  .  thiamine triphosphatase   qh
YC4.6.8.  .  sulfatases   qh
YC4.8e.  glycoside hydrolases   qh
RT+ZG8.2e glycosides    qh   ah
YC4.8.2e.  .  amylase   qh
RT XM4.2.6e pancreatic juice    qh   ah
YC4.8.4.  .  disaccharidases   qh
RT ZH4e disaccharides    qh   ah
YC4.8.6.  .  fucosidases   qh
YC4.8.6.2.  .  .  alpha-fucosidase   qh
RT XA2.4.10e lysosome    qh   ah
+XM6e liver    qh   ah
YC4.8.8.  .  glucosidases   qh
YC4.8.10.  .  glucuronidases   qh
YC4.8.12.  .  hexosaminidases   qh
YC4.8.12.2.  .  .  beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase   qh
ST beta-hexosaminidase
hexosaminidase
RT XA2.4.10e lysosome    qh   ah
+XM6e liver    qh   ah
YC4.8.14.  .  mannosidases   qh
YC4.8.14.2.  .  .  alpha-mannosidase   qh
RT XA2.4.10e lysosome    qh   ah
+XM6e liver    qh   ah
YC4.8.16e.  .  neuraminidases   qh
YC4.8.18.  .  nucleosidases   qh
RT+ZS6e nucleosides    qh   ah
YC4.10e.  peptide hydrolases   qh
ST peptidase
RT+ZO4e peptides    qh   ah
YC4.10.2.  .  aminopeptidases   qh
YC4.10.4.  .  peptide peptidohydrolases   qh
YC4.10.4.2e.  .  .  pepsin   qh
BT+XM2.2.4.6e gastric juice    qh   ah
+YT10e gastrointestinal agents    qh   ah
RT EP2.6 gastric secretion    qh   ah
 YC18.10 pepsinogen    qh   ah
YC4.10.4.4e.  .  .  plasminogen activator   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
BT+YT14.8e fibrinolytic agents    qh   ah
RT+ET2.6e fibrinolytic system    qh   ah
 YC4.10.4.8.10 urokinase    qh   ah
YC4.10.4.6e.  .  .  renin   qh
RT EP2.6 gastric secretion    qh   ah
+XP2e kidney    qh   ah
 YH2.4.8 angiotensinogen    qh   ah
YC4.10.4.8.  .  .  serine proteinases   qh
RT+ZO2.2.4.4e serine    qh   ah
YC4.10.4.8.2.  .  .  .  chymotrypsin   qh
RT YC18.6 chymotrypsinogen    qh   ah
YC4.10.4.8.4e.  .  .  .  thrombin   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST fibrinoplastin
paraglobulin
BT+YT14.6.2 hemostatics    qh   ah
+ZO6.4.10.6.4e blood coagulation factors    qh   ah
RT YC18.4e prothrombin    qh   ah
YC4.10.4.8.6.  .  .  .  plasmin   qh
ST fibrinolysin
RT+ET2.6e fibrinolytic system    qh   ah
 ET2.6.2e fibrinolysis    qh   ah
 YC18.2e plasminogen    qh   ah
YC4.10.4.8.8e.  .  .  .  trypsin   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
YC4.10.4.8.10.  .  .  .  urokinase   qh
RT YC4.10.4.4e plasminogen activator    qh   ah
YC4.10.4.8.12.  .  .  .  streptokinase   qh
BT+YT14.8e fibrinolytic agents    qh   ah

YC6eisomerases   qh
YC6.2.  carbohydrate isomerases   qh
RT+ZHe carbohydrates    qh   ah
YC6.4.  steroid isomerases   qh
RT+ZVe steroids    qh   ah
YC6.6.  thromboxane synthetase   qh
RT ZK4.6e thromboxane    qh   ah

YC8eligases   qh
YC8.2e.  synthetases   qh
RT+YD4.2e coenzyme A    qh   ah
+ZO4e peptides    qh   ah
YC8.2.2e.  .  RNA synthetases   qh
RT+ZO2e amino acids    qh   ah
 ZS4.8.8e tRNA    qh   ah
YC8.4.  polynucleotide synthetases   qh
RT+ZS8.38e polynucleotides    qh   ah
YC8.6.  pyruvate carboxylase   qh
RT ZJ2.10.6.6e pyruvate    qh   ah

YC10elyases   qh
YC10.2e.  adenylate cyclase   qh
YC10.4e.  adenylyl cyclase   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN Low adenylyl cyclase activity is an alcohol-related biochemical marker.
BT+HB4.6.2.8.2 alcohol-related biochemical markers    qh   ah
+HF26.2 biochemical markers    qh   ah
RT ZS8.12e AMP    qh   ah
 ZS8.14e cAMP    qh   ah
YC10.6.  aldehyde lyases   qh
RT+ZG2e aldehydes    qh   ah
YC10.6.2.  .  aldolase   qh
ST fructosediphosphate aldolase
YC10.8.  ammonia-lyases   qh
YC10.10.  carboxy-lyases   qh
YC10.10.2.  .  aromatic amino acid decarboxylases   qh
YC10.10.4e.  .  ornithine decarboxylase   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
RT ZO2.8.6e ornithine    qh   ah
YC10.10.6.  .  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase   qh
RT ZJ2.10.4.10e phosphoenolpyruvate    qh   ah
YC10.10.8.  .  carboxylases   qh
YC10.10.10.  .  pyruvate decarboxylase   qh
RT ZJ2.10.6.6e pyruvate    qh   ah
YC10.12.  guanyl cyclase   qh
RT ZO6.6.14.6e catalytic receptors    qh   ah
YC10.14.  hydro-lyases   qh
YC10.14.2.  .  aminolevulinic acid dehydratase   qh
RT ZJ2.10.6.4.2e aminolevulinic acid    qh   ah
YC10.16.  polysaccharide-lyase   qh
RT+ZH8e polysaccharides    qh   ah
YC10.18.  tyrosine phenol-lyase   qh

YC12emultienzyme complexes   qh
YC12.2e.  prostaglandin synthase   qh
RT+ZK4.4.8e prostaglandins    qh   ah
YC12.4e.  pyruvate dehydrogenase complex   qh

YC14eoxidoreductases   qh
ST oxidases
YC14.2e.  alcohol oxidoreductases   qh
RT+BBe alcohol in any form    qh   ah
+ZF2e alcohols (chemical class)    qh   ah
YC14.2.2e.  .  alcohol dehydrogenases   qh
ST ADH
RT+AE4e AOD tolerance    qh   ah
+BBe alcohol in any form    qh   ah
+EB10.12e ethanol metabolism    qh   ah
+GR2e ethanol metabolism disorder    qh   ah
+ZF2e alcohols (chemical class)    qh   ah
YC14.2.2.2e.  .  .  ADH isoenzymes   qh
ST alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes
RT+BBe alcohol in any form    qh   ah
 HB4.6.2.8.4 alcohol-related genetic markers    qh   ah
+ZF2e alcohols (chemical class)    qh   ah
YC14.2.2.2.2e.  .  .  .  class I ADH isoenzyme   qh
ST class I alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme
YC14.2.2.2.4e.  .  .  .  class II ADH isoenzyme   qh
ST class II alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme
RT+XM6e liver    qh   ah
YC14.2.2.2.6e.  .  .  .  class III ADH isoenzyme   qh
ST class III alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme
RT+XZe central nervous system    qh   ah
YC14.2.2.2.8e.  .  .  .  class IV ADH isoenzyme   qh
ST class IV alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme
YC14.2.2.2.10e.  .  .  .  class V ADH isoenzyme   qh
ST class V alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme
YC14.2.4e.  .  carbohydrate dehydrogenases   qh
RT+ZHe carbohydrates    qh   ah
YC14.2.4.2.  .  .  sugar alcohol dehydrogenase   qh
RT+ZF2.12e sugar alcohols    qh   ah
YC14.2.4.4.  .  .  UDP glucose dehydrogenase   qh
ST uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase
YC14.2.4.6e.  .  .  lactate dehydrogenases   qh
ST lactic acid dehydrogenase
LDH
RT ZJ2.10.10.2.6e lactate    qh   ah
YC14.2.4.6.2.  .  .  .  lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme   qh
YC14.2.4.6.2.2.  .  .  .  .  type 1 LDH   qh
ST alpha lactate dehydrogenase
H lactate dehydrogenase
LDH-1
RT XJ4.4.2e myocardium    qh   ah
YC14.2.4.6.2.4.  .  .  .  .  type 2 LDH   qh
ST beta lactate dehydrogenase
LDH-2
M lactate dehydrogenase
RT+XB4.4.4e striated muscle    qh   ah
YC14.2.6e.  .  hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
YC14.2.6.2.  .  .  3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase   qh
YC14.2.6.2.2.  .  .  .  progesterone reductase   qh
RT+YH4.10e progesterone    qh   ah
YC14.2.6.4.  .  .  17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase   qh
YC14.2.6.4.2.  .  .  .  testosterone dehydrogenase   qh
RT YH4.2.2e testosterone    qh   ah
YC14.2.6.6e.  .  .  11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST 11 beta HSD
YC14.2.8.  .  ribonucleotide reductases   qh
RT+ZS8.10e ribonucleotides    qh   ah
YC14.2.8.2.  .  .  ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase   qh
YC14.4e.  aldehyde oxidoreductases   qh
ST aldehyde oxidase
RT EB10.12.2.4e acetaldehyde-to-acetate metabolism    qh   ah
+ZG2e aldehydes    qh   ah
YC14.4.2e.  .  aldehyde dehydrogenases   qh
ST ALDH
RT EB10.12.2.4e acetaldehyde-to-acetate metabolism    qh   ah
+GR2e ethanol metabolism disorder    qh   ah
 GR2.2e alcohol flush reaction    qh   ah
+ZG2e aldehydes    qh   ah
YC14.4.2.2e.  .  .  aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzyme   qh
ST ALDH
RT HB4.6.2.8.4 alcohol-related genetic markers    qh   ah
+XM6e liver    qh   ah
YC14.4.2.2.2.  .  .  .  class I ALDH   qh
ST ALDH I, E2
ALDH subscript 2
YC14.4.2.2.4.  .  .  .  class II ALDH   qh
ST ALDH II, E1
ALDH subscript 1
YC14.4.2.2.6.  .  .  .  class III ALDH   qh
ST ALDH III
ALDH subscript 3
YC14.4.2.2.8.  .  .  .  class IV ALDH   qh
ST ALDH IV
ALDH subscript 4
YC14.6.  amine oxidoreductases   qh
RT+ZN2e amines    qh   ah
YC14.6.2.  .  n-demethylating oxidoreductases   qh
YC14.8e.  amino acid oxidoreductases   qh
RT+ZO2e amino acids    qh   ah
YC14.8.2e.  .  monoamine oxidase   qh
SN Low monoamine oxidase is an alcohol-related biochemical marker.
BT+HB4.6.2.8.2 alcohol-related biochemical markers    qh   ah
+HF26.2 biochemical markers    qh   ah
RT+YW6.4e MAO inhibitors    qh   ah
YC14.8.4e.  .  glutamate dehydrogenase   qh
ST GDH
RT ZO2.2.6.4e glutamate    qh   ah
YC14.10e.  hydroxylases   qh
NT+YD6.6e cytochrome P450    qh   ah
YC14.10.2.  .  fatty acid desaturases   qh
RT+ZK4e fatty acids    qh   ah
YC14.10.4.  .  proline hydroxylase   qh
RT ZO2.2.2.10e proline    qh   ah
YC14.10.6.  .  steroid hydroxylases   qh
BT+YD6.6e cytochrome P450    qh   ah
RT+ZVe steroids    qh   ah
YC14.10.8.  .  tryptophan hydroxylase   qh
RT ZO2.2.2.14e tryptophan    qh   ah
YC14.10.10.  .  tyrosine hydroxylase   qh
BT+EX6.2e ethanol-responsive gene    qh   ah
RT ZO2.2.4.10e tyrosine    qh   ah
YC14.12.  ketone oxidoreductases   qh
RT+ZG4e ketones    qh   ah
YC14.12.2.  .  pyruvate oxidase   qh
RT ZJ2.10.6.6e pyruvate    qh   ah
YC14.12.4e.  .  xanthine dehydrogenase   qh
RT+ZT6.18.2.2e xanthines    qh   ah
YC14.12.6e.  .  xanthine oxidase   qh
RT EB10.12.2.4e acetaldehyde-to-acetate metabolism    qh   ah
+ZT6.18.2.2e xanthines    qh   ah
YC14.14e.  monooxygenases   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
YC14.16e.  NADH oxidoreductases   qh
YC14.18e.  NADPH oxidoreductases   qh
YC14.20.  O-demethylating oxidoreductase   qh
YC14.22.  oxygenase   qh
YC14.22.2.  .  tryptophan oxygenase   qh
ST tryptophan pyrrolase
RT ZO2.2.2.14e tryptophan    qh   ah
YC14.22.4.  .  mixed function oxidase   qh
RT EB10.2 phase I drug biotransformation    qh   ah
YC14.24e.  peroxidases   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
YC14.24.2e.  .  catalase   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
YC14.24.4e.  .  glutathione peroxidase   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
YC14.26.  prostaglandin-13,14-reductase   qh
YC14.28.  glutathione protein disulfide reductase   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "protein disulfide reductase (glutathione)."
ST protein disulfide reductase (glutathione)
YC14.30.  succinate cytochrome C oxidoreductase   qh
YC14.32.  succinate dehydrogenase   qh
RT+ZJ2.12.2.4e succinate    qh   ah
YC14.34.  sulfite oxidase   qh
RT ZC18.10e sulfites    qh   ah
YC14.36.  sulfite reductase   qh
RT ZC18.10e sulfites    qh   ah
YC14.38e.  superoxide dismutases   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
RT ZA2.6.2e zinc    qh   ah
 ZA2.20.2.8e manganese    qh   ah
+ZA2.20.2.16e copper    qh   ah
YC14.40.  testosterone 5-alpha-reductase   qh
RT YH4.2.2e testosterone    qh   ah

YC16etransferases   qh
YC16.2.  acyltransferases   qh
RT+ZB2.2e acids    qh   ah
YC16.2.2.  .  peptidyl transferases   qh
BT+ZO4.18e peptide elongation factor    qh   ah
YC16.2.4.  .  acetyltransferases   qh
YC16.2.4.2e.  .  .  choline acetyltransferase   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
ST choline acetylase
YC16.2.4.4.  .  .  phosphate acetyltransferase   qh
YC16.2.6e.  .  gamma glutamyl transferase   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST gamma glutamyltransferase
gamma glutamyltranspeptidase
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
GGT
glutamyl transpeptidase
BT+HB4.6.2.2e AODR biochemical markers    qh   ah
+HB4.6.2.8.2 alcohol-related biochemical markers    qh   ah
RT HG12.8e liver function test    qh   ah
YC16.4e.  aminotransferases   qh
RT+ZO2e amino acids    qh   ah
YC16.4.2e.  .  aspartate aminotransferase   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST AST
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
GOT
S-ASAT
BT+HB4.6.2.8.2 alcohol-related biochemical markers    qh   ah
RT+ZO2.2.6.2e aspartate    qh   ah
YC16.4.2.2.  .  .  mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
ST m-AspAT
BT+HB4.6.2.2e AODR biochemical markers    qh   ah
YC16.4.4e.  .  alanine aminotransferase   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST ALT
glutamate pyruvate transaminase
S-ALAT
BT+HB4.6.2.8.2 alcohol-related biochemical markers    qh   ah
RT ZO2.2.2.2e alanine    qh   ah
YC16.6.  hexosyltransferases   qh
YC16.6.2.  .  glucosyltransferases   qh
YC16.6.2.2.  .  .  glycogen phosphorylases   qh
YC16.6.2.2.2.  .  .  .  phosphorylase A   qh
YC16.6.2.2.4.  .  .  .  phosphorylase B   qh
YC16.6.2.4.  .  .  glycogen synthase   qh
RT+ZH8.2.6e starches    qh   ah
YC16.8.  methyltransferases   qh
YC16.10.  ornithine carbamoyltransferase   qh
ST OCT
ornithine carbamyl transferase
YC16.12.  pentosyltransferases   qh
YC16.12.2.  .  purine nucleoside phosphorylases   qh
RT+ZS6.4.2e purine nucleosides    qh   ah
YC16.12.4.  .  thymidine phosphorylases   qh
RT ZS6.4.4.4e thymidine    qh   ah
YC16.14e.  phosphotransferases   qh
YC16.14.2.  .  nucleotidyltransferases   qh
RT+ZS8e nucleotides    qh   ah
YC16.14.2.2.  .  .  DNA nucleotidyltransferases   qh
RT+ZS4.6e DNA    qh   ah
YC16.14.2.2.2e.  .  .  .  DNA polymerase   qh
ST deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase
RT EB20.2.2e DNA replication    qh   ah
 EB20.2.4 DNA repair    qh   ah
+ZS4.6e DNA    qh   ah
YC16.14.2.2.4.  .  .  .  reverse transcriptase   qh
YC16.14.2.4.  .  .  RNA nucleotidyltransferases   qh
RT+ZS4.8e RNA    qh   ah
+ZS8e nucleotides    qh   ah
YC16.14.2.4.2.  .  .  .  RNA replicase   qh
RT+ZS4.8e RNA    qh   ah
YC16.14.4.  .  phosphoglucomutase   qh
YC16.14.6.  .  ATP phosphotransferases   qh
RT+ZS8.18e ATP    qh   ah
YC16.14.6.2e.  .  .  creatine kinase   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST creatine phosphokinase
RT+ZO2.14e creatine    qh   ah
YC16.14.6.4.  .  .  nucleoside diphosphate kinase   qh
RT+ZS8.42e nucleoside diphosphate    qh   ah
YC16.14.6.6.  .  .  nucleoside monophosphate kinase   qh
RT+ZS8.40 nucleoside monophosphate    qh   ah
YC16.14.6.8.  .  .  phosphofructokinase   qh
YC16.14.6.10.  .  .  phosphorylase kinase   qh
YC16.14.6.12e.  .  .  protein kinases   qh
RT+ZO6e proteins    qh   ah
 ZO6.6.14.6e catalytic receptors    qh   ah
YC16.14.6.12.2e.  .  .  .  protein kinase C   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
YC16.14.6.14.  .  .  pyridoxal kinase   qh
RT+ZT4.26.6.2e pyridoxal    qh   ah
YC16.14.6.16e.  .  .  pyruvate kinase   qh
RT ZJ2.10.6.6e pyruvate    qh   ah
YC16.14.6.18.  .  .  thiamine pyrophosphokinase   qh
RT+YB12.22e thiamine    qh   ah
YC16.14.6.20.  .  .  thymidine kinase   qh
RT ZS6.4.4.4e thymidine    qh   ah
YC16.14.6.22e.  .  .  tyrosine kinase   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
YC16.16.  riboflavin synthase   qh
RT YB12.20e riboflavin    qh   ah
YC16.18.  sialyltransferase   qh
YC16.20.  sulfotransferase   qh
YC16.22e.  transketolase   qh
HN Introduced 2000.

YC18eenzyme precursors   qh
ST proenzymes
zymogens
NT ZO6.8.12.12e protein C    qh   ah
RT+YCe enzymes    qh   ah
YC18.2e.  plasminogen   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
ST profibrinolysin
proplasmin
BT+YT14.8e fibrinolytic agents    qh   ah
+ZO6.4.10e blood proteins    qh   ah
RT YC4.10.4.8.6 plasmin    qh   ah
YC18.4e.  prothrombin   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
BT+YD8e enzyme inhibitors    qh   ah
+ZO6.4.10.6.4e blood coagulation factors    qh   ah
RT YC4.10.4.8.4e thrombin    qh   ah
YC18.6.  chymotrypsinogen   qh
RT YC4.10.4.8.2 chymotrypsin    qh   ah
YC18.8.  trypsinogen   qh
RT XM4.2.6e pancreatic juice    qh   ah
YC18.10.  pepsinogen   qh
RT YC4.10.4.2e pepsin    qh   ah


YDenzyme-related substances   d-out   qh
RT+YCe enzymes    qh   ah

YD2emicrosomal enzymes   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
NT+YD6.6e cytochrome P450    qh   ah

YD4ecoenzymes   qh
NT YB12.12 lipoic acid    qh   ah
 YB12.22.4 thiamine pyrophosphate    qh   ah
 ZS8.20e NAD    qh   ah
+ZS8.22e NADP    qh   ah
 ZT4.26.6.2.2e pyridoxal phosphate    qh   ah
BT+ZDe organic compounds    qh   ah
YD4.2e.  coenzyme A   qh
ST CoA (chemical)
BT+ZS8.10.2.2e adenine nucleotides    qh   ah
RT+YC8.2e synthetases    qh   ah
YD4.2.2.  .  acyl CoA   qh
ST acyl coenzyme A
BT+EB4.2 high-energy compound    qh   ah
YD4.2.2.2.  .  .  acetyl CoA   qh
ST acetyl coenzyme A
BT+EB4.2 high-energy compound    qh   ah
YD4.2.2.4.  .  .  palmitoyl CoA   qh
YD4.4.  ubiquinones   qh

YD6ecytochromes   qh
BT+ZDe organic compounds    qh   ah
YD6.2.  cytochrome B   qh
YD6.4.  cytochrome C   qh
ST ferricytochrome C
ferrocytochrome C
YD6.6e.  cytochrome P450   qh
NT YC14.10.6 steroid hydroxylases    qh   ah
BT+YC14.10e hydroxylases    qh   ah
+YD2e microsomal enzymes    qh   ah
RT EB4.4.2 microsomal electron transfer    qh   ah
 EB10.2 phase I drug biotransformation    qh   ah
 EB10.6 microsomal drug biotransformation    qh   ah
 XA2.4.4e microsome    qh   ah
YD6.6.2e.  .  liver cytochrome enzymes   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
YD6.6.2.2e.  .  .  cytochrome P450 2C11   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST CYP2C11
YD6.6.2.4e.  .  .  cytochrome P450 2E1   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST CYP24E1
YD6.6.4e.  .  MEOS   qh
ST microsomal ethanol oxidizing system
RT+EB10.12.4e minor ethanol pathway    qh   ah

YD8eenzyme inhibitors   qh
SN This also includes enzyme antagonists.
NT YC18.4e prothrombin    qh   ah
+YW6.4e MAO inhibitors    qh   ah
 ZO6.6.2e protein synthesis inhibitor    qh   ah
 ZO6.8.12.12e protein C    qh   ah
BT+YL6e antagonists    qh   ah
RT EE16.6e antagonistic drug interaction    qh   ah
+YCe enzymes    qh   ah
YD8.2.  ADH antagonists   qh
ST aldehyde dehydrogenase antagonists
NT YQ4.14.6.2 griseofulvin    qh   ah
 ZC12.6.2.2e citrated calcium carbimide    qh   ah
 ZC18.14.2e chlorpropamide    qh   ah
 ZC18.14.4e tolbutamide    qh   ah
 ZF2.4.2.8.2e chloramphenicol    qh   ah
 ZF2.12.2.2e nitroglycerin    qh   ah
 ZF2.12.8.2.2e isosorbide dinitrate    qh   ah
+ZJ2.6.10.4.4.2.2e disulfiram    qh   ah
 ZJ2.6.10.4.6e urethane    qh   ah
 ZT4.12.2.2e furazolidone    qh   ah
 ZT4.14.8.2e metronidazole    qh   ah
 ZT4.14.12e phentolamine    qh   ah
 ZT8.2.2.2e quinacrine    qh   ah
RT EE16.6e antagonistic drug interaction    qh   ah
 GR2.2e alcohol flush reaction    qh   ah
YD8.4.  cholinesterase inhibitors   qh
NT ZP12e physostigmine    qh   ah
BT+YV10e parasympathomimetics    qh   ah
RT+YC4.6.4.2e cholinesterase    qh   ah
YD8.6e.  cyclooxygenase inhibitors   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
YD8.8.  phosphodiesterase inhibitors   qh
RT+YC4.6.6.6 phosphodiesterases    qh   ah
YD8.10e.  protease inhibitors   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
YD8.12e.  uncoupling agents   qh
YD8.12.2e.  .  ionophores   qh
BT+YQ4.14e antibiotics    qh   ah
RT EC2.10e ion transport    qh   ah
+EG14.8e membrane channel    qh   ah
YD8.12.4.  .  oligomycin   qh

YD10enzyme reactivators   qh
YD10.2.  cholinesterase reactivators   qh
NT+ZN2.14.2e oxime    qh   ah
 ZN2.14.2.2e pralidoxime compound    qh   ah
BT+YV8e parasympatholytics    qh   ah
RT+YC4.6.4.2e cholinesterase    qh   ah


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