EDe | growth and development d-out qh |
NT | +EG2e cell growth and differentiation qh ah | |
BT | +EAe general life processes qh ah | |
RT | +EA22.6e biological repair qh ah | |
+EY10 heredity and evolution qh ah |
ED2e | . biological growth qh |
ED4e | . biological development qh |
SN | When appropriate, use a more specific term, such as *+ED6.2 biological maturation* qh ah, *+ED4.10 prenatal development* qh ah, *+ED4.10.2.2 embryogenesis* qh ah, *ED4.10.4 fetal development* qh ah. | |
RT | +FCe psychological development qh ah |
ED4.2e | . . neural development qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. |
ED4.4 | . . biological differentiation qh |
NT | +ED4.10.2.4 organogenesis qh ah | |
RT | +ED4.10.2.2.8 gastrulation qh ah |
ED4.4.2 | . . . morphogenesis qh |
NT | +EG2.8e cell migration qh ah | |
EG6.6 cell aggregation qh ah | ||
RT | +ED4.10.2.2e embryogenesis qh ah | |
+EG6 cell-cell interaction qh ah | ||
ZU10.8.4e retinoic acid qh ah |
ED4.6 | . . conception and pregnancy qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. |
ED4.8e | . . conception qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
ST | biological conception | |
RT | +ES2e fertility qh ah |
ED4.8.2 | . . . sperm capacitation qh |
ED4.8.4 | . . . fertilization qh |
ST | zygote formation | |
RT | ES4.2.6.2e sperm qh ah | |
XQ4.2.4e ovum qh ah |
ED4.10e | . . prenatal development qh |
SN | The entire process of growth, maturation, differentiation, and development that occurs between conception and birth. The weeks given in the scope notes for the stages of prenatal development are based on the human gestational process. These descriptors still can be used for animal prenatal development. | |
NT | EM2.2 fetal breathing movements qh ah | |
GJ2.4 poor fetal development qh ah | ||
RT | ED4.12e pregnancy qh ah | |
+ED4.16e gestation stage qh ah | ||
+ESe reproductive function qh ah | ||
+GJ2e intrauterine disorder qh ah | ||
+XEe fetoplacental anatomy qh ah |
ED4.10.2e | . . . embryologic development qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
SN | The various intrauterine stages and processes involved in the growth and differentiation of the conceptus from the time of fertilization until the eighth week of gestation. | |
NT | XX2.4.4.2e radial glia qh ah | |
BT | +ED4.16.2e first trimester qh ah |
ED4.10.2.2e | . . . . embryogenesis qh |
SN | The formation of the embryo during the 10 days to 2 weeks after fertilization until implantation. | |
ST | redifferentiation period | |
BT | +XE2.2e embryo qh ah | |
RT | +ED4e biological development qh ah | |
+ED4.4.2 morphogenesis qh ah | ||
+GJ2.16.2.4e alcohol-related intrauterine disorder qh ah |
ED4.10.2.2.2 | . . . . . zygote qh |
ST | fertilized egg | |
fertilized ovum | ||
RT | +ED4.10.2.2.6 cleavage qh ah |
ED4.10.2.2.4 | . . . . . primordium qh |
ST | anlage | |
RT | +Xe body part qh ah |
ED4.10.2.2.6 | . . . . . cleavage qh |
ST | cytokinesis | |
merogenesis | ||
RT | ED4.10.2.2.2 zygote qh ah |
ED4.10.2.2.6.2 | . . . . . . blastula qh |
ST | blastosphere | |
blastula stage |
ED4.10.2.2.8 | . . . . . gastrulation qh |
RT | +ED4.4 biological differentiation qh ah | |
+ED4.14e pregnancy outcome qh ah |
ED4.10.2.2.8.2 | . . . . . . gastrula qh |
ST | invaginate planula |
ED4.10.2.4 | . . . . organogenesis qh |
SN | The differentiation of the various cells, tissues, and organ systems and the development of the main external features of the embryo; it occurs approximately from the end of the second week to the eighth week of intrauterine life. | |
ST | embryonic period | |
BT | +ED4.4 biological differentiation qh ah | |
RT | +EG2e cell growth and differentiation qh ah | |
+EG2.8e cell migration qh ah |
ED4.10.2.4.2 | . . . . . placentation qh |
SN | The structural organization and mode of attachment of fetal to maternal tissues in the formation of the placenta. | |
ST | amniotic membrane development | |
placental development | ||
RT | XE4e placenta qh ah |
ED4.10.2.4.2.2 | . . . . . . zygote implantation qh |
ED4.10.2.4.4e | . . . . . sexual differentiation qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
SN | During organogenesis, the development of the fetus into male versus female. |
ED4.10.4e | . . . fetal development qh |
SN | The development of the fetus from 8 weeks to delivery. During this period, exposure to alcohol generally does not cause gross structural deformations but can produce subtle changes in the fetus to the CNS and other organ systems. | |
ST | fetal period | |
fetal stage | ||
fetogenesis | ||
RT | +ED4e biological development qh ah | |
+GJ2.16e chemical intrauterine disorder qh ah | ||
XX2.2.4.14e neural crest cell qh ah |
ED4.12e | . . pregnancy qh |
HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "gestation." | |
SN | The condition of a female after conception until the birth of the baby. The descriptor pregnancy is used when the emphasis is on the expectant mother, the descriptor *+ED4.10 prenatal development* qh ah is used when the emphasis is on the development of the embryo/fetus. | |
ST | gestation | |
gravidity | ||
RT | +ED4.16e gestation stage qh ah | |
+EE20.6e prenatal chemical exposure qh ah | ||
GJ2.14.2 chemical teratogenesis qh ah | ||
+GJ2.16.2 AODR intrauterine disorder qh ah | ||
LK2.6 pregnancy as a life event qh ah | ||
+TE10.2 pregnant female qh ah | ||
+YG18e pregnancy hormones qh ah |
ED4.14e | . . pregnancy outcome qh |
HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "gestation outcome." ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
ST | gestation outcome | |
NT | GJ2.8e miscarriage qh ah | |
GJ2.10e stillbirth qh ah | ||
HV10e abortion qh ah | ||
RT | +ED4.10.2.2.8 gastrulation qh ah | |
GJ2.12e low birth weight qh ah |
ED4.14.2e | . . . childbirth qh |
HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "parturition." ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
ST | labor (parturition) | |
parturition | ||
RT | LJ2e birth qh ah | |
+TA10e perinatal qh ah |
ED4.14.2.2e | . . . . premature birth qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
ST | preterm delivery | |
RT | +JA6.12.6 biological risk and protective factors qh ah |
ED4.14.2.4e | . . . . postpartum qh |
HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "puerperium." ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
SN | The period following the third stage of labor, lasting until the involution of pelvic organs takes place; usually 3 to 6 weeks. | |
ST | puerperium |
ED4.16e | . . gestation stage qh |
HN | Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "human gestation stage." ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
SN | If the emphasis is on the embryo/fetus then combine with *+ED4.10 prenatal development* qh ah or one of its narrower terms; if the emphasis is on the mother then combine with *ED4.12 pregnancy* qh ah. | |
ST | gestation phases | |
phases of the prenatal period | ||
stage of pregnancy | ||
stage of prenatal development | ||
RT | GA10.8.2.2e fetal vulnerability qh ah | |
GA10.8.2.4e fetal sensitivity qh ah | ||
+TA8e prenatal qh ah |
ED4.16.2e | . . . first trimester qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
NT | +ED4.10.2e embryologic development qh ah |
ED4.16.4e | . . . second trimester qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. |
ED4.16.6e | . . . third trimester qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
BT | +TA10e perinatal qh ah |
ED6e | . biological life cycle qh |
RT | EG2.2.2 cell cycle qh ah | |
+LJe stage of life qh ah |
ED6.2e | . . biological maturation qh |
RT | +ED4e biological development qh ah |
ED6.2.2 | . . . biological immaturity qh |
ST | juvenile | |
RT | +LJ6.2e childhood qh ah |
ED6.2.4 | . . . biological maturity qh |
RT | +LJ8e adulthood qh ah |
ED6.2.6 | . . . sexual maturity qh |
ST | sexual maturation | |
RT | +ESe reproductive function qh ah | |
+LJ8e adulthood qh ah |
ED6.2.6.2e | . . . . puberty qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
RT | ES14e menarche qh ah | |
LJ6.4e adolescence qh ah |
ED6.4e | . . aging qh |
NT | GJ6.10 premature aging qh ah | |
RT | LJ8.6 old age qh ah | |
+TA16.6e elderly qh ah |
ED6.4.2 | . . . senescence qh |
ED6.4.4 | . . . biological involution qh |
RT | +EG2e cell growth and differentiation qh ah |
ED6.6 | . . biological death qh |
RT | +EG2.6.6e cytolysis qh ah | |
LJ10e death qh ah | ||
+PB6.12e mortality qh ah |
ED6.8 | . . biological longevity qh |
RT | PB6.2e life expectancy qh ah |
EEe | pharmacology and toxicology d-out qh |
SN | The word "drug" throughout *+EE pharmacology and toxicology* qh ah refers to any chemical substance, including medications, alcohol and other drugs, toxins, nutrients, and other substances. | |
RT | +EA4e biochemical mechanism qh ah | |
+EBe metabolism qh ah | ||
+HRe drug therapy qh ah | ||
+SE4 pharmacology (field) qh ah |
EE2 | AOD abuse and dependence potential qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. | |
RT | +EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria qh ah |
EE2.2e | . AOD abuse potential qh |
SN | The propensity of a particular psychoactive substance to be susceptible to abuse. This term refers to the relative probability that a drug will result in social, psychological, or physical problems in an individual or in society. | |
ST | AOD abuse liability | |
BT | +GC2e AOD abuse qh ah | |
RT | GC16.2 alcohol abuse qh ah |
EE2.4e | . AOD dependence potential qh |
SN | The propensity of a substance, by its pharmacological effects on physiological or psychological functions, to increase the likelihood of dependence on that substance. Dependence potential is determined by those intrinsic pharmacological properties that can be measured in animal and human drug-testing procedures. | |
ST | AOD dependence liability | |
RT | BA8 habit-forming drug qh ah | |
+GC6e AOD dependence qh ah | ||
GC16.6 alcohol dependence qh ah |
EE4e | drug purity qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
NT | MN28.2.8.2.2 drug purity regulation qh ah | |
BT | +OA6 product quality qh ah | |
RT | +EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria qh ah |
EE6 | administrative drug regulation qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. | |
BT | +MN28.2 manufactured product regulation qh ah |
EE6.2 | . drug nomenclature qh |
RT | MN28.2.8.2.2 drug purity regulation qh ah |
EE6.4 | . drug recall qh |
RT | MN28.2.8.2.2 drug purity regulation qh ah |
EE6.6 | . drug scheduling qh |
SN | The process in which controlled drugs are commonly classified on a hierarchy of schedules that reflect different degrees of restriction of availability. | |
RT | +BT6e controlled substance qh ah | |
JU12.4.2 pharmacy drug and narcotic control qh ah | ||
+MM20.10.6.4 drug diversion qh ah | ||
+MN20.12.4 drug distribution laws qh ah | ||
MN20.12.4.2 laws on dispensing pharmaceuticals qh ah | ||
MP18.4 public policy on pharmaceuticals qh ah |
EE8 | generic and proprietary drug qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. |
EE8.2 | . generic drug qh |
EE8.4 | . proprietary drug qh |
EE10 | drug by legal status qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. | |
NT | +BT AOD substance by legal status qh ah |
EE10.2e | . over-the-counter drug qh |
SN | Drugs that may be purchased without prescription. There are an estimated 350,000 OTC products with annual sales of $4 billion to $5 billion (Inhorn 1981). OTC drugs are subject to abuse, particularly certain cough remedies that contain potent analgesic/euphoric or hallucinogenic substances. | |
ST | nonprescription drug | |
OTC drug | ||
pharmaceutical drug | ||
RT | SG16.18 pharmaceutical industry qh ah |
EE10.4e | . prescription drug qh |
RT | AA2.4.4.2 nonprescribed use of drug qh ah | |
GC2.6 abuse of non-dependence-producing substance qh ah | ||
+MM20.10.6.4 drug diversion qh ah | ||
SG16.18 pharmaceutical industry qh ah |
EE12e | pharmacokinetics qh |
SN | The distribution and concentration of drugs in the various tissues of the body as influenced by absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism, and elimination by excretion.
Combine with descriptors from *+X body part* qh ah (e.g., *+XC4 body space* qh ah, *+XB4 tissue* qh ah, *+XF body system or organ* qh ah), as appropriate. The word "drug" in this section refers to any chemical substance, including medications, alcohol and other drugs, toxins, nutrients, and other substances. | |
NT | +EB10e drug metabolism qh ah | |
+EFe route of administration qh ah | ||
RT | AE4.4 biological AOD tolerance qh ah | |
CK2.4e structure activity relationship qh ah | ||
+EE16e drug interaction qh ah | ||
+HRe drug therapy qh ah |
EE12.2e | . drug absorption qh |
RT | +EFe route of administration qh ah | |
EP2.12e gastrointestinal absorption qh ah | ||
+XK2.2.2 nasal membrane qh ah | ||
XM2.2.4.4e gastric mucosa qh ah | ||
XM2.4.4e intestinal mucosa qh ah |
EE12.4e | . drug distribution (pharmacokinetics) qh |
RT | +XC4 body space qh ah |
EE12.4.2 | . . drug transfer across body barrier qh |
BT | +EC2e biological transport qh ah | |
RT | +XC6 body barrier qh ah |
EE12.4.2.2 | . . . blood-brain drug transfer qh |
EE12.4.2.4e | . . . placental drug transfer qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
RT | +EE20.6e prenatal chemical exposure qh ah | |
XE4e placenta qh ah |
EE12.4.4e | . . drug binding qh |
BT | +EA4e biochemical mechanism qh ah | |
RT | CK2.4e structure activity relationship qh ah | |
EE12.4.4.2.2 protein-bound drug fraction qh ah | ||
EG14.2e receptor ligand binding qh ah | ||
+ZO6.4.10e blood proteins qh ah |
EE12.4.4.2 | . . . drug binding measure qh |
EE12.4.4.2.2 | . . . . protein-bound drug fraction qh |
ST | bound drug | |
RT | +EE12.4.4e drug binding qh ah |
EE12.4.4.2.4 | . . . . free drug fraction qh |
ST | free drug | |
unbound plasma drug fraction (fp) |
EE12.4.6 | . . drug distribution measure qh |
EE12.4.6.2 | . . . drug distribution volume qh |
ST | Vd | |
RT | EE14.2.2 drug loading dose qh ah |
EE12.4.6.4 | . . . drug partition coefficient qh |
EE12.6e | . drug disposition qh |
EE12.6.2e | . . drug concentration qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 1995. | |
RT | +EE14.2e drug dose qh ah |
EE12.6.2.2 | . . . drug steady state concentration qh |
EE12.6.2.4 | . . . blood drug concentration qh |
NT | +HB2.8e BAC qh ah | |
RT | +XSe blood qh ah |
EE12.6.2.4.2 | . . . . serum drug concentration qh |
RT | XS10e serum qh ah |
EE12.6.2.4.4 | . . . . plasma drug concentration qh |
RT | XS8e plasma qh ah |
EE12.6.4e | . . bioavailability qh |
SN | The degree of activity or the amount of an administered drug or other substance that becomes available for activity in the target tissue. |
EE12.6.6 | . . drug reservoir qh |
RT | +XB4.2.10e adipose tissue qh ah | |
+XB4.2.16e bone qh ah | ||
+ZO6.4.10.4e plasma proteins qh ah |
EE12.6.8e | . . drug retention qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
RT | +GR20.12 fluid overload qh ah |
EE12.6.10 | . . drug accumulation qh |
EE12.6.12e | . . drug clearance qh |
ST | drug extraction | |
NT | +EB10e drug metabolism qh ah | |
+EB10.10e drug excretion qh ah | ||
RT | EE14.2.4 drug maintenance dose qh ah | |
+OD2e AOD production process qh ah |
EE12.6.12.2 | . . . drug clearance rate qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. |
EE12.6.12.2.4 | . . . . whole body drug clearance qh |
SN | The sum of the individual clearances of a substance by the various organs and tissues of the body. | |
ST | total drug clearance |
EE12.6.12.2.6 | . . . . regional drug clearance qh |
EE12.6.12.2.6.2 | . . . . . renal drug clearance qh |
BT | +EB10.10e drug excretion qh ah | |
RT | +ER2e kidney function qh ah |
EE12.6.12.2.6.4 | . . . . . hepatic drug clearance qh |
ST | hepatic drug extraction | |
BT | +EB10e drug metabolism qh ah | |
RT | +EP6e liver function qh ah | |
+XM6e liver qh ah |
EE12.6.12.2.6.4.2 | . . . . . . hepatic first pass effect qh |
ST | presystemic drug clearance |
EE14e | pharmacodynamics qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
SN | The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. The objectives of the analysis of drug action are to identify the primary action (as distinguished
from describing resultant effects), to delineate the chemical or physical interactions between drug and cell, and to characterize the full sequence and scope of actions and effects.
The word "drug" in this section refers to any chemical substance, including medications, alcohol and other drugs, toxins, nutrients, and other substances. | |
ST | drug dose and effect | |
NT | +EE16e drug interaction qh ah | |
RT | +EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria qh ah | |
+EE20.6e prenatal chemical exposure qh ah |
EE14.2e | . drug dose qh |
NT | AD12.4e AOD intake per occasion qh ah | |
RT | +AD12e amount of AOD use qh ah | |
+EE12.6.2e drug concentration qh ah |
EE14.2.2 | . . drug loading dose qh |
RT | EE12.4.6.2 drug distribution volume qh ah |
EE14.2.4 | . . drug maintenance dose qh |
RT | +EE12.6.12e drug clearance qh ah |
EE14.2.6 | . . drug monitoring qh |
SN | Use only for the periodic measurement of drug (therapeutic or other) levels in patients (e.g., the measurement of blood alcohol in alcoholics undergoing treatment or the measurement of therapeutic drugs to monitor compliance with treatment or to prevent toxic effects). For measuring drug levels in population groups for the purpose of detecting psychoactive drug usage, use *+JG26.2.4.2 identification and screening for AOD use* qh ah. | |
RT | +GCe AODD qh ah |
EE14.4 | . drug effect qh |
SN | Refers to the pharmacological effects of drugs. If the biochemical mechanism for the effect is discussed, combine with a descriptor from *+EA4 biochemical mechanism* qh ah, *+EB metabolism* qh ah, or *+EA8 biological regulation* qh ah. | |
ST | drug response | |
NT | +AM2e AODE qh ah | |
RT | +AMe AOD effects and consequences qh ah | |
+EA22.2e biological adaptation qh ah | ||
+EB10e drug metabolism qh ah | ||
FK8.4.2e drug discrimination qh ah | ||
+GDe AODR disorder qh ah | ||
+GD4 alcohol related disorder qh ah | ||
+Xe body part qh ah |
EE14.4.2e | . . drug efficacy qh |
SN | The ability of a drug to safely produce a desired or claimed treatment result. | |
BT | +EE14.6.2e dose-response relationship qh ah | |
+EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria qh ah | ||
RT | EE18.2.2 drug safety qh ah |
EE14.4.4e | . . beneficial vs adverse drug effect qh |
HN | ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
ST | drug risk-to-benefit ratio | |
RT | AD12.14.2 moderate drinking qh ah | |
+ALe AOD effects and AODR problems qh ah | ||
+AM2e AODE qh ah | ||
+JA6 risk and protective factors qh ah | ||
+MK12.2 social costs and benefits of AOD qh ah | ||
+MT10.4.6e risk-benefit analysis qh ah |
EE14.4.4.2e | . . . therapeutic drug effect qh |
ST | beneficial drug effect | |
NT | BE8e medical use of marijuana qh ah | |
RT | +YNe therapeutic agents qh ah |
EE14.4.4.2.2e | . . . . protective drug effect qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
BT | +JA6.8e protective factors qh ah | |
RT | +AD12.14e moderate AOD use qh ah |
EE14.4.4.4e | . . . adverse drug effect qh |
SN | In the general medical and pharmacological fields, adverse drug reaction denotes a toxic physical or (less commonly) psychological reaction to a therapeutic agent. The reaction may be predictable,
or it may be an allergic or idiosyncratic (nonpredictable) one.
In the substance abuse field, this term includes unpleasant psychological or physical reactions to taking drugs. | |
ST | adverse drug event | |
side effect (drug) | ||
BT | +JP12.12 treatment side effects qh ah | |
RT | +AA2.4e problematic AOD use qh ah | |
+AA2.4.4 AOD misuse qh ah | ||
+EE16e drug interaction qh ah | ||
EE16.8e adverse drug interaction qh ah | ||
GC2.4 harmful AOD use qh ah | ||
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning qh ah | ||
+GJ6e growth and development disorder qh ah |
EE14.4.4.4.2e | . . . . toxic drug effect qh |
SN | Use for discussions of specific adverse effects. | |
ST | toxicity | |
RT | EE16.8e adverse drug interaction qh ah | |
EE18.2.2 drug safety qh ah | ||
+GDe AODR disorder qh ah | ||
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning qh ah | ||
GJ2.14.2 chemical teratogenesis qh ah | ||
+GU2 immediate hypersensitivity qh ah |
EE14.4.4.4.2.2e | . . . . . hepatotoxicity qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. | |
SN | The tendency of an agent, usually alcohol or other drug, to have a destructive effect on the liver. | |
BT | +EP6e liver function qh ah |
EE14.4.4.4.2.4e | . . . . . neurotoxicity qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
SN | The ability of a drug or other agent to destroy or damage nervous tissue. | |
RT | +XX4e neural tissue qh ah | |
YX2.14e neurotoxins qh ah |
EE14.4.4.4.2.6e | . . . . . drug toxicity potential qh |
SN | Measurement of potential toxicity. | |
NT | EE14.4.4.4.2.10 delayed toxicity qh ah | |
EE14.6.6.6 median lethal dose qh ah | ||
BT | +EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria qh ah | |
RT | EE14.4.6.10.2 cumulative drug effect qh ah | |
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning qh ah | ||
HF20.12 immunologic cytotoxicity test qh ah |
EE14.4.4.4.2.8 | . . . . . irreversible toxic effect qh |
NT | GG20.28.2e carcinogenesis qh ah | |
+GJ2.14e teratogenesis qh ah |
EE14.4.4.4.2.10 | . . . . . delayed toxicity qh |
BT | +EE14.4.4.4.2.6e drug toxicity potential qh ah | |
+EE14.4.6 drug effect by time qh ah | ||
RT | EE14.4.6.2 drug latency qh ah | |
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning qh ah |
EE14.4.6 | . . drug effect by time qh |
NT | EE14.4.4.4.2.10 delayed toxicity qh ah | |
RT | AE4.4 biological AOD tolerance qh ah | |
+AMe AOD effects and consequences qh ah | ||
+AM2e AODE qh ah | ||
+EE20e chemical exposure qh ah |
EE14.4.6.2 | . . . drug latency qh |
BT | +EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria qh ah | |
RT | EE14.4.4.4.2.10 delayed toxicity qh ah |
EE14.4.6.4 | . . . drug peak effect qh |
EE14.4.6.6 | . . . acute drug effect qh |
SN | Effects of a single drug dose upon the user (includes animals used in laboratory testing). | |
ST | short-term drug effect | |
NT | AM2.6e acute AODE qh ah | |
RT | AD14.4 short-term AOD use qh ah | |
+EE20e chemical exposure qh ah |
EE14.4.6.6.2 | . . . . subacute drug effect qh |
SN | Effects appearing after the immediate effects of a single dose disappear. Intermediate in character between acute and chronic. | |
RT | +EE20e chemical exposure qh ah |
EE14.4.6.8 | . . . chronic drug effect qh |
SN | Effects appearing with long-term, frequent drug use (includes animals used in laboratory testing). | |
ST | long-term drug effect | |
NT | AM2.8e chronic AODE qh ah | |
RT | AD14.6 long-term AOD use qh ah | |
+EE20e chemical exposure qh ah |
EE14.4.6.10 | . . . persistent drug effect qh |
SN | Effects persisting beyond the normal time period during which a drug (possibly a single dose) acts (e.g., a persistent hallucinosis). | |
RT | +EE20e chemical exposure qh ah |
EE14.4.6.10.2 | . . . . cumulative drug effect qh |
RT | +EE14.4.4.4.2.6e drug toxicity potential qh ah | |
+EE20e chemical exposure qh ah |
EE14.4.8 | . . drug effect by location qh |
RT | +EFe route of administration qh ah | |
+Xe body part qh ah |
EE14.4.8.2 | . . . local drug effect qh |
RT | +EF2.2 topical and local administration qh ah |
EE14.4.8.4 | . . . systemic drug effect qh |
RT | +EF2.4 systemic administration qh ah |
EE14.6 | . relationship between dose and effect qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. | |
SN | The variation in intensity and character of response as the dosage of the same drug is varied (dose response relationship) as well as the dose needed to achieve a given effect, as compared between two or more drugs (*+EE14.6.6 drug potency* qh ah). |
EE14.6.2e | . . dose-response relationship qh |
HN | Changed descriptor 1995; through 1995 also use "dose-effect relationship." | |
SN | The variation in intensity and character of response as the dosage of the same drug is varied. The observed relationship frequently is plotted with the dosage level on one axis and the response level on the other, resulting in a dose-response curve. The relationship may be direct (as the dosage increases, the response level increases) or biphasic (as the dosage increases, the response level first increases, then decreases). Low doses of alcohol, for example, may have a disinhibiting, enervating effect, but as the dosage increases, this effect may be reversed into an inhibiting, stuporous effect. | |
ST | dose-effect curve | |
dose-effect relationship | ||
dose-response curve | ||
serum drug concentration response relationship | ||
NT | EE14.4.2e drug efficacy qh ah | |
RT | +JP14e treatment outcome qh ah |
EE14.6.4 | . . effective drug concentration qh |
ST | therapeutic drug concentration |
EE14.6.6 | . . drug potency qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. | |
SN | A measure to compare drugs that achieve a given effect. The lower the dose needed to produce an effect of a given size, the more potent the drug.
A relative term to compare the amounts of two or more drugs required to produce a given effect; the more potent the drug, the less is required. The same effect can be achieved by more of a less potent substance or by less of the same substance in a more potent form. Occasionally the term is used to refer to the length or duration of effects. |
EE14.6.6.4 | . . . median effective dose qh |
ST | median effective serum concentration |
EE14.6.6.6 | . . . median lethal dose qh |
BT | +EE14.4.4.4.2.6e drug toxicity potential qh ah |
EE16e | drug interaction qh |
ST | drug-drug interaction | |
BT | +EE14e pharmacodynamics qh ah | |
RT | AA2.6e multiple drug use qh ah | |
+CJe chemistry qh ah | ||
+EBe metabolism qh ah | ||
+EE12e pharmacokinetics qh ah | ||
+EE14.4.4.4e adverse drug effect qh ah |
EE16.2e | . additive drug interaction qh |
SN | The action obtained when the combined effect of two or more drugs taken together is equal to the sum of the individual effects. | |
ST | additive drug effects |
EE16.4e | . synergistic drug interaction qh |
SN | The joint action of two or more drugs that results in a total effect greater than the sum of the individual effects. | |
ST | drug potentiation | |
supra-additive drug interactions | ||
synergistic drug effects | ||
RT | YL2.2 ethanol agonists qh ah | |
+YV14.2e adrenergic receptor agonists qh ah |
EE16.6e | . antagonistic drug interaction qh |
ST | antagonistic drug effects | |
RT | +YD8e enzyme inhibitors qh ah | |
+YD8.2 ADH antagonists qh ah | ||
+YG34 hormone antagonists qh ah | ||
+YL2.4 ethanol antagonists qh ah | ||
+YL6e antagonists qh ah | ||
YM14.2 prostaglandin antagonists qh ah | ||
+YT14.2e anticoagulants qh ah | ||
+YT14.6.4 heparin antagonists qh ah | ||
+YV6.4e histamine antagonists qh ah | ||
+YV6.6e serotonin antagonists qh ah | ||
YV14.4e neurotransmitter uptake inhibitors qh ah | ||
+YW12.2e narcotic antagonists qh ah |
EE16.8e | . adverse drug interaction qh |
RT | +EE14.4.4.4e adverse drug effect qh ah | |
+EE14.4.4.4.2e toxic drug effect qh ah | ||
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning qh ah |
EE18e | drug evaluation qh |
SN | The evaluation of a drug's effectiveness, safety, and so forth. Do not confuse this with testing a person for drug use, which is *+HB AODU screening, identification, and diagnostic method* qh ah. | |
ST | testing of a drug | |
BT | +FV22e evaluation qh ah | |
RT | +MN28.2.8.2 pure food and drug laws qh ah |
EE18.2 | . drug evaluation criteria qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. | |
NT | EE14.4.2e drug efficacy qh ah | |
+EE14.4.4.4.2.6e drug toxicity potential qh ah | ||
EE14.4.6.2 drug latency qh ah | ||
RT | +EE2 AOD abuse and dependence potential qh ah | |
+EE4e drug purity qh ah | ||
+EE14e pharmacodynamics qh ah | ||
+MQ8.4.2e cost-benefit analysis qh ah |
EE18.2.2 | . . drug safety qh |
RT | EE14.4.2e drug efficacy qh ah | |
+EE14.4.4.4.2e toxic drug effect qh ah |
EE18.4 | . drug evaluation process qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. | |
ST | drug evaluation procedures |
EE18.4.2 | . . drug effect measurement qh |
EE20e | chemical exposure qh |
SN | Passive or involuntary exposure to chemical substances. Use for documents that discuss exposure (e.g., prevalence of exposure) and exposure mechanisms, with or without a discussion of effects. If applicable, use the appropriate descriptor from *+TA age* qh ah and from *+B AOD substance or product* qh ah. For documents that discuss the effects of chemical exposure, use *+GH10 exogenous chemical disorder* qh ah, if appropriate, in conjunction with *+EE20 chemical exposure* qh ah. Do not use *+EE20 chemical exposure* qh ah if mention of exposure is merely incidental to the discussion of effects. For a complete search, combine both descriptors with OR. | |
RT | +Be AOD substance or product qh ah | |
+EE14.4.6 drug effect by time qh ah | ||
+EE14.4.6.6 acute drug effect qh ah | ||
EE14.4.6.6.2 subacute drug effect qh ah | ||
+EE14.4.6.8 chronic drug effect qh ah | ||
+EE14.4.6.10 persistent drug effect qh ah | ||
EE14.4.6.10.2 cumulative drug effect qh ah | ||
+EFe route of administration qh ah | ||
+GH10 exogenous chemical disorder qh ah | ||
+PZ2 physical environment qh ah | ||
+TL6.2.6e postnatally AOD-exposed child qh ah |
EE20.2 | . passive inhalation qh |
ST | passive smoking | |
NT | BD6.2 secondhand smoke qh ah | |
RT | +BD6 tobacco smoke qh ah | |
+EE20.8 postnatal chemical exposure qh ah | ||
+EF4.4.4.2e smoking qh ah |
EE20.4e | . reproductive effects of AODU qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
SN | The effects of AODU on the reproductive system and consequential effects on offspring as opposed to the direct AOD effects on the fetus, which is covered in *+EE20.6.4 prenatal AOD exposure* qh ah and *+GJ2.16.2 AODR intrauterine disorder* qh ah. This concept is classified here because the focus is on the effects on offspring. | |
BT | +AM2.2e physiological AODE qh ah | |
+XQe reproductive system qh ah |
EE20.4.2 | . . maternal AOD exposure qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. |
EE20.4.2.2 | . . . maternal alcohol exposure qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
RT | GJ2.16.2.4.2e fetal alcohol effects qh ah |
EE20.4.4 | . . paternal AOD exposure qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. |
EE20.4.4.2 | . . . paternal alcohol exposure qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
RT | GJ2.16.2.4.2e fetal alcohol effects qh ah |
EE20.6e | . prenatal chemical exposure qh |
SN | Use this descriptor when the mechanism of exposure is discussed. Use *+GJ2.16 chemical intrauterine disorder* qh ah when the actual effects due to drug exposure are discussed. | |
ST | embryonal chemical exposure | |
fetal chemical exposure | ||
in utero chemical exposure | ||
BT | +EF4.6e parenteral administration qh ah | |
RT | ED4.12e pregnancy qh ah | |
EE12.4.2.4e placental drug transfer qh ah | ||
+EE14e pharmacodynamics qh ah | ||
+GJ2.14e teratogenesis qh ah | ||
GJ2.14.2 chemical teratogenesis qh ah | ||
+GJ2.16e chemical intrauterine disorder qh ah | ||
GJ2.16.2.2.2 neonatal abstinence syndrome qh ah | ||
+TE10.2 pregnant female qh ah | ||
+TL6e AOD-exposed qh ah |
EE20.6.2 | . . timing of prenatal chemical exposure qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
ST | timing of in utero chemical exposure |
EE20.6.4e | . . prenatal AOD exposure qh |
HN | Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000. | |
ST | intrauterine AOD exposure | |
RT | AA2.8e involuntary AOD use qh ah | |
+EE20.4e reproductive effects of AODU qh ah | ||
+JA6.12.6 biological risk and protective factors qh ah | ||
+TL6e AOD-exposed qh ah |
EE20.6.4.2e | . . . prenatal alcohol exposure qh |
SN | Use this descriptor when the mechanism of exposure is discussed. Use *GJ2.16.2.4.2 fetal alcohol effects* qh ah when the actual effects due to exposure to alcohol are discussed. | |
BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
RT | GJ2.16.2.4.2e fetal alcohol effects qh ah | |
+GJ2.16.2.4.6e fetal alcohol syndrome qh ah |
EE20.6.4.4 | . . . prenatal cocaine exposure qh |
BT | +BK cocaine in any form qh ah | |
+BK2e cocaine qh ah |
EE20.8 | . postnatal chemical exposure qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
SN | Exposure of an infant (0 to 12 months) to chemical substances via inhalation or nursing. | |
ST | infant chemical exposure | |
BT | +TA12.2e infant qh ah | |
RT | +EE20.2 passive inhalation qh ah |
EE20.8.2e | . . postnatal AOD exposure qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
ST | infant AOD exposure | |
postnatal response to AOD exposure | ||
BT | +Be AOD substance or product qh ah | |
+TA12.2e infant qh ah | ||
RT | ES24e lactation qh ah | |
+TL6.2.6e postnatally AOD-exposed child qh ah |
EE20.8.2.2e | . . . postnatal alcohol exposure qh |
HN | Introduced 2000. | |
ST | infant alcohol exposure | |
postnatal response to alcohol exposure | ||
BT | +BBe alcohol in any form qh ah | |
+TA12.2e infant qh ah | ||
RT | +TL6.2.6e postnatally AOD-exposed child qh ah |
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