AOD Thesaurus.  Annotated Hierarchy.  biomedicine.  ED - EE20.8.2.2
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EDegrowth and development   d-out   qh
NT+EG2e cell growth and differentiation    qh   ah
BT+EAe general life processes    qh   ah
RT+EA22.6e biological repair    qh   ah
+EY10 heredity and evolution    qh   ah
ED2e.  biological growth   qh
ED4e.  biological development   qh
SN When appropriate, use a more specific term, such as *+ED6.2 biological maturation* qh ah, *+ED4.10 prenatal development* qh ah, *+ED4.10.2.2 embryogenesis* qh ah, *ED4.10.4 fetal development* qh ah.
RT+FCe psychological development    qh   ah
ED4.2e.  .  neural development   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ED4.4.  .  biological differentiation   qh
NT+ED4.10.2.4 organogenesis    qh   ah
RT+ED4.10.2.2.8 gastrulation    qh   ah
ED4.4.2.  .  .  morphogenesis   qh
NT+EG2.8e cell migration    qh   ah
 EG6.6 cell aggregation    qh   ah
RT+ED4.10.2.2e embryogenesis    qh   ah
+EG6 cell-cell interaction    qh   ah
 ZU10.8.4e retinoic acid    qh   ah
ED4.6.  .  conception and pregnancy   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ED4.8e.  .  conception   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST biological conception
RT+ES2e fertility    qh   ah
ED4.8.2.  .  .  sperm capacitation   qh
ED4.8.4.  .  .  fertilization   qh
ST zygote formation
RT ES4.2.6.2e sperm    qh   ah
 XQ4.2.4e ovum    qh   ah
ED4.10e.  .  prenatal development   qh
SN The entire process of growth, maturation, differentiation, and development that occurs between conception and birth. The weeks given in the scope notes for the stages of prenatal development are based on the human gestational process. These descriptors still can be used for animal prenatal development.
NT EM2.2 fetal breathing movements    qh   ah
 GJ2.4 poor fetal development    qh   ah
RT ED4.12e pregnancy    qh   ah
+ED4.16e gestation stage    qh   ah
+ESe reproductive function    qh   ah
+GJ2e intrauterine disorder    qh   ah
+XEe fetoplacental anatomy    qh   ah
ED4.10.2e.  .  .  embryologic development   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN The various intrauterine stages and processes involved in the growth and differentiation of the conceptus from the time of fertilization until the eighth week of gestation.
NT XX2.4.4.2e radial glia    qh   ah
BT+ED4.16.2e first trimester    qh   ah
ED4.10.2.2e.  .  .  .  embryogenesis   qh
SN The formation of the embryo during the 10 days to 2 weeks after fertilization until implantation.
ST redifferentiation period
BT+XE2.2e embryo    qh   ah
RT+ED4e biological development    qh   ah
+ED4.4.2 morphogenesis    qh   ah
+GJ2.16.2.4e alcohol-related intrauterine disorder    qh   ah
ED4.10.2.2.2.  .  .  .  .  zygote   qh
ST fertilized egg
fertilized ovum
RT+ED4.10.2.2.6 cleavage    qh   ah
ED4.10.2.2.4.  .  .  .  .  primordium   qh
ST anlage
RT+Xe body part    qh   ah
ED4.10.2.2.6.  .  .  .  .  cleavage   qh
ST cytokinesis
merogenesis
RT ED4.10.2.2.2 zygote    qh   ah
ED4.10.2.2.6.2.  .  .  .  .  .  blastula   qh
ST blastosphere
blastula stage
ED4.10.2.2.8.  .  .  .  .  gastrulation   qh
RT+ED4.4 biological differentiation    qh   ah
+ED4.14e pregnancy outcome    qh   ah
ED4.10.2.2.8.2.  .  .  .  .  .  gastrula   qh
ST invaginate planula
ED4.10.2.4.  .  .  .  organogenesis   qh
SN The differentiation of the various cells, tissues, and organ systems and the development of the main external features of the embryo; it occurs approximately from the end of the second week to the eighth week of intrauterine life.
ST embryonic period
BT+ED4.4 biological differentiation    qh   ah
RT+EG2e cell growth and differentiation    qh   ah
+EG2.8e cell migration    qh   ah
ED4.10.2.4.2.  .  .  .  .  placentation   qh
SN The structural organization and mode of attachment of fetal to maternal tissues in the formation of the placenta.
ST amniotic membrane development
placental development
RT XE4e placenta    qh   ah
ED4.10.2.4.2.2.  .  .  .  .  .  zygote implantation   qh
ED4.10.2.4.4e.  .  .  .  .  sexual differentiation   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN During organogenesis, the development of the fetus into male versus female.
ED4.10.4e.  .  .  fetal development   qh
SN The development of the fetus from 8 weeks to delivery. During this period, exposure to alcohol generally does not cause gross structural deformations but can produce subtle changes in the fetus to the CNS and other organ systems.
ST fetal period
fetal stage
fetogenesis
RT+ED4e biological development    qh   ah
+GJ2.16e chemical intrauterine disorder    qh   ah
 XX2.2.4.14e neural crest cell    qh   ah
ED4.12e.  .  pregnancy   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "gestation."
SN The condition of a female after conception until the birth of the baby. The descriptor pregnancy is used when the emphasis is on the expectant mother, the descriptor *+ED4.10 prenatal development* qh ah is used when the emphasis is on the development of the embryo/fetus.
ST gestation
gravidity
RT+ED4.16e gestation stage    qh   ah
+EE20.6e prenatal chemical exposure    qh   ah
 GJ2.14.2 chemical teratogenesis    qh   ah
+GJ2.16.2 AODR intrauterine disorder    qh   ah
 LK2.6 pregnancy as a life event    qh   ah
+TE10.2 pregnant female    qh   ah
+YG18e pregnancy hormones    qh   ah
ED4.14e.  .  pregnancy outcome   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "gestation outcome." ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST gestation outcome
NT GJ2.8e miscarriage    qh   ah
 GJ2.10e stillbirth    qh   ah
 HV10e abortion    qh   ah
RT+ED4.10.2.2.8 gastrulation    qh   ah
 GJ2.12e low birth weight    qh   ah
ED4.14.2e.  .  .  childbirth   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "parturition." ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST labor (parturition)
parturition
RT LJ2e birth    qh   ah
+TA10e perinatal    qh   ah
ED4.14.2.2e.  .  .  .  premature birth   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST preterm delivery
RT+JA6.12.6 biological risk and protective factors    qh   ah
ED4.14.2.4e.  .  .  .  postpartum   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "puerperium." ETOH descriptor 2000.
SN The period following the third stage of labor, lasting until the involution of pelvic organs takes place; usually 3 to 6 weeks.
ST puerperium
ED4.16e.  .  gestation stage   qh
HN Changed descriptor 2000; through 1999 use "human gestation stage." ETOH descriptor 2000.
SN If the emphasis is on the embryo/fetus then combine with *+ED4.10 prenatal development* qh ah or one of its narrower terms; if the emphasis is on the mother then combine with *ED4.12 pregnancy* qh ah.
ST gestation phases
phases of the prenatal period
stage of pregnancy
stage of prenatal development
RT GA10.8.2.2e fetal vulnerability    qh   ah
 GA10.8.2.4e fetal sensitivity    qh   ah
+TA8e prenatal    qh   ah
ED4.16.2e.  .  .  first trimester   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
NT+ED4.10.2e embryologic development    qh   ah
ED4.16.4e.  .  .  second trimester   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
ED4.16.6e.  .  .  third trimester   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
BT+TA10e perinatal    qh   ah
ED6e.  biological life cycle   qh
RT EG2.2.2 cell cycle    qh   ah
+LJe stage of life    qh   ah
ED6.2e.  .  biological maturation   qh
RT+ED4e biological development    qh   ah
ED6.2.2.  .  .  biological immaturity   qh
ST juvenile
RT+LJ6.2e childhood    qh   ah
ED6.2.4.  .  .  biological maturity   qh
RT+LJ8e adulthood    qh   ah
ED6.2.6.  .  .  sexual maturity   qh
ST sexual maturation
RT+ESe reproductive function    qh   ah
+LJ8e adulthood    qh   ah
ED6.2.6.2e.  .  .  .  puberty   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
RT ES14e menarche    qh   ah
 LJ6.4e adolescence    qh   ah
ED6.4e.  .  aging   qh
NT GJ6.10 premature aging    qh   ah
RT LJ8.6 old age    qh   ah
+TA16.6e elderly    qh   ah
ED6.4.2.  .  .  senescence   qh
ED6.4.4.  .  .  biological involution   qh
RT+EG2e cell growth and differentiation    qh   ah
ED6.6.  .  biological death   qh
RT+EG2.6.6e cytolysis    qh   ah
 LJ10e death    qh   ah
+PB6.12e mortality    qh   ah
ED6.8.  .  biological longevity   qh
RT PB6.2e life expectancy    qh   ah


EEepharmacology and toxicology   d-out   qh
SN The word "drug" throughout *+EE pharmacology and toxicology* qh ah refers to any chemical substance, including medications, alcohol and other drugs, toxins, nutrients, and other substances.
RT+EA4e biochemical mechanism    qh   ah
+EBe metabolism    qh   ah
+HRe drug therapy    qh   ah
+SE4 pharmacology (field)    qh   ah

EE2AOD abuse and dependence potential   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
RT+EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria    qh   ah
EE2.2e.  AOD abuse potential   qh
SN The propensity of a particular psychoactive substance to be susceptible to abuse. This term refers to the relative probability that a drug will result in social, psychological, or physical problems in an individual or in society.
ST AOD abuse liability
BT+GC2e AOD abuse    qh   ah
RT GC16.2 alcohol abuse    qh   ah
EE2.4e.  AOD dependence potential   qh
SN The propensity of a substance, by its pharmacological effects on physiological or psychological functions, to increase the likelihood of dependence on that substance. Dependence potential is determined by those intrinsic pharmacological properties that can be measured in animal and human drug-testing procedures.
ST AOD dependence liability
RT BA8 habit-forming drug    qh   ah
+GC6e AOD dependence    qh   ah
 GC16.6 alcohol dependence    qh   ah

EE4edrug purity   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
NT MN28.2.8.2.2 drug purity regulation    qh   ah
BT+OA6 product quality    qh   ah
RT+EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria    qh   ah

EE6administrative drug regulation   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
BT+MN28.2 manufactured product regulation    qh   ah
EE6.2.  drug nomenclature   qh
RT MN28.2.8.2.2 drug purity regulation    qh   ah
EE6.4.  drug recall   qh
RT MN28.2.8.2.2 drug purity regulation    qh   ah
EE6.6.  drug scheduling   qh
SN The process in which controlled drugs are commonly classified on a hierarchy of schedules that reflect different degrees of restriction of availability.
RT+BT6e controlled substance    qh   ah
 JU12.4.2 pharmacy drug and narcotic control    qh   ah
+MM20.10.6.4 drug diversion    qh   ah
+MN20.12.4 drug distribution laws    qh   ah
 MN20.12.4.2 laws on dispensing pharmaceuticals    qh   ah
 MP18.4 public policy on pharmaceuticals    qh   ah

EE8generic and proprietary drug   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
EE8.2.  generic drug   qh
EE8.4.  proprietary drug   qh

EE10drug by legal status   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
NT+BT AOD substance by legal status    qh   ah
EE10.2e.  over-the-counter drug   qh
SN Drugs that may be purchased without prescription. There are an estimated 350,000 OTC products with annual sales of $4 billion to $5 billion (Inhorn 1981). OTC drugs are subject to abuse, particularly certain cough remedies that contain potent analgesic/euphoric or hallucinogenic substances.
ST nonprescription drug
OTC drug
pharmaceutical drug
RT SG16.18 pharmaceutical industry    qh   ah
EE10.4e.  prescription drug   qh
RT AA2.4.4.2 nonprescribed use of drug    qh   ah
 GC2.6 abuse of non-dependence-producing substance    qh   ah
+MM20.10.6.4 drug diversion    qh   ah
 SG16.18 pharmaceutical industry    qh   ah

EE12epharmacokinetics   qh
SN The distribution and concentration of drugs in the various tissues of the body as influenced by absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism, and elimination by excretion.
      Combine with descriptors from *+X body part* qh ah (e.g., *+XC4 body space* qh ah, *+XB4 tissue* qh ah, *+XF body system or organ* qh ah), as appropriate.
      The word "drug" in this section refers to any chemical substance, including medications, alcohol and other drugs, toxins, nutrients, and other substances.
NT+EB10e drug metabolism    qh   ah
+EFe route of administration    qh   ah
RT AE4.4 biological AOD tolerance    qh   ah
 CK2.4e structure activity relationship    qh   ah
+EE16e drug interaction    qh   ah
+HRe drug therapy    qh   ah
EE12.2e.  drug absorption   qh
RT+EFe route of administration    qh   ah
 EP2.12e gastrointestinal absorption    qh   ah
+XK2.2.2 nasal membrane    qh   ah
 XM2.2.4.4e gastric mucosa    qh   ah
 XM2.4.4e intestinal mucosa    qh   ah
EE12.4e.  drug distribution (pharmacokinetics)   qh
RT+XC4 body space    qh   ah
EE12.4.2.  .  drug transfer across body barrier   qh
BT+EC2e biological transport    qh   ah
RT+XC6 body barrier    qh   ah
EE12.4.2.2.  .  .  blood-brain drug transfer   qh
EE12.4.2.4e.  .  .  placental drug transfer   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
RT+EE20.6e prenatal chemical exposure    qh   ah
 XE4e placenta    qh   ah
EE12.4.4e.  .  drug binding   qh
BT+EA4e biochemical mechanism    qh   ah
RT CK2.4e structure activity relationship    qh   ah
 EE12.4.4.2.2 protein-bound drug fraction    qh   ah
 EG14.2e receptor ligand binding    qh   ah
+ZO6.4.10e blood proteins    qh   ah
EE12.4.4.2.  .  .  drug binding measure   qh
EE12.4.4.2.2.  .  .  .  protein-bound drug fraction   qh
ST bound drug
RT+EE12.4.4e drug binding    qh   ah
EE12.4.4.2.4.  .  .  .  free drug fraction   qh
ST free drug
unbound plasma drug fraction (fp)
EE12.4.6.  .  drug distribution measure   qh
EE12.4.6.2.  .  .  drug distribution volume   qh
ST Vd
RT EE14.2.2 drug loading dose    qh   ah
EE12.4.6.4.  .  .  drug partition coefficient   qh
EE12.6e.  drug disposition   qh
EE12.6.2e.  .  drug concentration   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 1995.
RT+EE14.2e drug dose    qh   ah
EE12.6.2.2.  .  .  drug steady state concentration   qh
EE12.6.2.4.  .  .  blood drug concentration   qh
NT+HB2.8e BAC    qh   ah
RT+XSe blood    qh   ah
EE12.6.2.4.2.  .  .  .  serum drug concentration   qh
RT XS10e serum    qh   ah
EE12.6.2.4.4.  .  .  .  plasma drug concentration   qh
RT XS8e plasma    qh   ah
EE12.6.4e.  .  bioavailability   qh
SN The degree of activity or the amount of an administered drug or other substance that becomes available for activity in the target tissue.
EE12.6.6.  .  drug reservoir   qh
RT+XB4.2.10e adipose tissue    qh   ah
+XB4.2.16e bone    qh   ah
+ZO6.4.10.4e plasma proteins    qh   ah
EE12.6.8e.  .  drug retention   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
RT+GR20.12 fluid overload    qh   ah
EE12.6.10.  .  drug accumulation   qh
EE12.6.12e.  .  drug clearance   qh
ST drug extraction
NT+EB10e drug metabolism    qh   ah
+EB10.10e drug excretion    qh   ah
RT EE14.2.4 drug maintenance dose    qh   ah
+OD2e AOD production process    qh   ah
EE12.6.12.2.  .  .  drug clearance rate   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
EE12.6.12.2.4.  .  .  .  whole body drug clearance   qh
SN The sum of the individual clearances of a substance by the various organs and tissues of the body.
ST total drug clearance
EE12.6.12.2.6.  .  .  .  regional drug clearance   qh
EE12.6.12.2.6.2.  .  .  .  .  renal drug clearance   qh
BT+EB10.10e drug excretion    qh   ah
RT+ER2e kidney function    qh   ah
EE12.6.12.2.6.4.  .  .  .  .  hepatic drug clearance   qh
ST hepatic drug extraction
BT+EB10e drug metabolism    qh   ah
RT+EP6e liver function    qh   ah
+XM6e liver    qh   ah
EE12.6.12.2.6.4.2.  .  .  .  .  .  hepatic first pass effect   qh
ST presystemic drug clearance

EE14epharmacodynamics   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
SN The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. The objectives of the analysis of drug action are to identify the primary action (as distinguished from describing resultant effects), to delineate the chemical or physical interactions between drug and cell, and to characterize the full sequence and scope of actions and effects.
      The word "drug" in this section refers to any chemical substance, including medications, alcohol and other drugs, toxins, nutrients, and other substances.
ST drug dose and effect
NT+EE16e drug interaction    qh   ah
RT+EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria    qh   ah
+EE20.6e prenatal chemical exposure    qh   ah
EE14.2e.  drug dose   qh
NT AD12.4e AOD intake per occasion    qh   ah
RT+AD12e amount of AOD use    qh   ah
+EE12.6.2e drug concentration    qh   ah
EE14.2.2.  .  drug loading dose   qh
RT EE12.4.6.2 drug distribution volume    qh   ah
EE14.2.4.  .  drug maintenance dose   qh
RT+EE12.6.12e drug clearance    qh   ah
EE14.2.6.  .  drug monitoring   qh
SN Use only for the periodic measurement of drug (therapeutic or other) levels in patients (e.g., the measurement of blood alcohol in alcoholics undergoing treatment or the measurement of therapeutic drugs to monitor compliance with treatment or to prevent toxic effects). For measuring drug levels in population groups for the purpose of detecting psychoactive drug usage, use *+JG26.2.4.2 identification and screening for AOD use* qh ah.
RT+GCe AODD    qh   ah
EE14.4.  drug effect   qh
SN Refers to the pharmacological effects of drugs. If the biochemical mechanism for the effect is discussed, combine with a descriptor from *+EA4 biochemical mechanism* qh ah, *+EB metabolism* qh ah, or *+EA8 biological regulation* qh ah.
ST drug response
NT+AM2e AODE    qh   ah
RT+AMe AOD effects and consequences    qh   ah
+EA22.2e biological adaptation    qh   ah
+EB10e drug metabolism    qh   ah
 FK8.4.2e drug discrimination    qh   ah
+GDe AODR disorder    qh   ah
+GD4 alcohol related disorder    qh   ah
+Xe body part    qh   ah
EE14.4.2e.  .  drug efficacy   qh
SN The ability of a drug to safely produce a desired or claimed treatment result.
BT+EE14.6.2e dose-response relationship    qh   ah
+EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria    qh   ah
RT EE18.2.2 drug safety    qh   ah
EE14.4.4e.  .  beneficial vs adverse drug effect   qh
HN ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST drug risk-to-benefit ratio
RT AD12.14.2 moderate drinking    qh   ah
+ALe AOD effects and AODR problems    qh   ah
+AM2e AODE    qh   ah
+JA6 risk and protective factors    qh   ah
+MK12.2 social costs and benefits of AOD    qh   ah
+MT10.4.6e risk-benefit analysis    qh   ah
EE14.4.4.2e.  .  .  therapeutic drug effect   qh
ST beneficial drug effect
NT BE8e medical use of marijuana    qh   ah
RT+YNe therapeutic agents    qh   ah
EE14.4.4.2.2e.  .  .  .  protective drug effect   qh
HN Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000.
BT+JA6.8e protective factors    qh   ah
RT+AD12.14e moderate AOD use    qh   ah
EE14.4.4.4e.  .  .  adverse drug effect   qh
SN In the general medical and pharmacological fields, adverse drug reaction denotes a toxic physical or (less commonly) psychological reaction to a therapeutic agent. The reaction may be predictable, or it may be an allergic or idiosyncratic (nonpredictable) one.
      In the substance abuse field, this term includes unpleasant psychological or physical reactions to taking drugs.
ST adverse drug event
side effect (drug)
BT+JP12.12 treatment side effects    qh   ah
RT+AA2.4e problematic AOD use    qh   ah
+AA2.4.4 AOD misuse    qh   ah
+EE16e drug interaction    qh   ah
 EE16.8e adverse drug interaction    qh   ah
 GC2.4 harmful AOD use    qh   ah
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning    qh   ah
+GJ6e growth and development disorder    qh   ah
EE14.4.4.4.2e.  .  .  .  toxic drug effect   qh
SN Use for discussions of specific adverse effects.
ST toxicity
RT EE16.8e adverse drug interaction    qh   ah
 EE18.2.2 drug safety    qh   ah
+GDe AODR disorder    qh   ah
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning    qh   ah
 GJ2.14.2 chemical teratogenesis    qh   ah
+GU2 immediate hypersensitivity    qh   ah
EE14.4.4.4.2.2e.  .  .  .  .  hepatotoxicity   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
SN The tendency of an agent, usually alcohol or other drug, to have a destructive effect on the liver.
BT+EP6e liver function    qh   ah
EE14.4.4.4.2.4e.  .  .  .  .  neurotoxicity   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN The ability of a drug or other agent to destroy or damage nervous tissue.
RT+XX4e neural tissue    qh   ah
 YX2.14e neurotoxins    qh   ah
EE14.4.4.4.2.6e.  .  .  .  .  drug toxicity potential   qh
SN Measurement of potential toxicity.
NT EE14.4.4.4.2.10 delayed toxicity    qh   ah
 EE14.6.6.6 median lethal dose    qh   ah
BT+EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria    qh   ah
RT EE14.4.6.10.2 cumulative drug effect    qh   ah
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning    qh   ah
 HF20.12 immunologic cytotoxicity test    qh   ah
EE14.4.4.4.2.8.  .  .  .  .  irreversible toxic effect   qh
NT GG20.28.2e carcinogenesis    qh   ah
+GJ2.14e teratogenesis    qh   ah
EE14.4.4.4.2.10.  .  .  .  .  delayed toxicity   qh
BT+EE14.4.4.4.2.6e drug toxicity potential    qh   ah
+EE14.4.6 drug effect by time    qh   ah
RT EE14.4.6.2 drug latency    qh   ah
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning    qh   ah
EE14.4.6.  .  drug effect by time   qh
NT EE14.4.4.4.2.10 delayed toxicity    qh   ah
RT AE4.4 biological AOD tolerance    qh   ah
+AMe AOD effects and consequences    qh   ah
+AM2e AODE    qh   ah
+EE20e chemical exposure    qh   ah
EE14.4.6.2.  .  .  drug latency   qh
BT+EE18.2 drug evaluation criteria    qh   ah
RT EE14.4.4.4.2.10 delayed toxicity    qh   ah
EE14.4.6.4.  .  .  drug peak effect   qh
EE14.4.6.6.  .  .  acute drug effect   qh
SN Effects of a single drug dose upon the user (includes animals used in laboratory testing).
ST short-term drug effect
NT AM2.6e acute AODE    qh   ah
RT AD14.4 short-term AOD use    qh   ah
+EE20e chemical exposure    qh   ah
EE14.4.6.6.2.  .  .  .  subacute drug effect   qh
SN Effects appearing after the immediate effects of a single dose disappear. Intermediate in character between acute and chronic.
RT+EE20e chemical exposure    qh   ah
EE14.4.6.8.  .  .  chronic drug effect   qh
SN Effects appearing with long-term, frequent drug use (includes animals used in laboratory testing).
ST long-term drug effect
NT AM2.8e chronic AODE    qh   ah
RT AD14.6 long-term AOD use    qh   ah
+EE20e chemical exposure    qh   ah
EE14.4.6.10.  .  .  persistent drug effect   qh
SN Effects persisting beyond the normal time period during which a drug (possibly a single dose) acts (e.g., a persistent hallucinosis).
RT+EE20e chemical exposure    qh   ah
EE14.4.6.10.2.  .  .  .  cumulative drug effect   qh
RT+EE14.4.4.4.2.6e drug toxicity potential    qh   ah
+EE20e chemical exposure    qh   ah
EE14.4.8.  .  drug effect by location   qh
RT+EFe route of administration    qh   ah
+Xe body part    qh   ah
EE14.4.8.2.  .  .  local drug effect   qh
RT+EF2.2 topical and local administration    qh   ah
EE14.4.8.4.  .  .  systemic drug effect   qh
RT+EF2.4 systemic administration    qh   ah
EE14.6.  relationship between dose and effect   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
SN The variation in intensity and character of response as the dosage of the same drug is varied (dose response relationship) as well as the dose needed to achieve a given effect, as compared between two or more drugs (*+EE14.6.6 drug potency* qh ah).
EE14.6.2e.  .  dose-response relationship   qh
HN Changed descriptor 1995; through 1995 also use "dose-effect relationship."
SN The variation in intensity and character of response as the dosage of the same drug is varied. The observed relationship frequently is plotted with the dosage level on one axis and the response level on the other, resulting in a dose-response curve. The relationship may be direct (as the dosage increases, the response level increases) or biphasic (as the dosage increases, the response level first increases, then decreases). Low doses of alcohol, for example, may have a disinhibiting, enervating effect, but as the dosage increases, this effect may be reversed into an inhibiting, stuporous effect.
ST dose-effect curve
dose-effect relationship
dose-response curve
serum drug concentration response relationship
NT EE14.4.2e drug efficacy    qh   ah
RT+JP14e treatment outcome    qh   ah
EE14.6.4.  .  effective drug concentration   qh
ST therapeutic drug concentration
EE14.6.6.  .  drug potency   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
SN A measure to compare drugs that achieve a given effect. The lower the dose needed to produce an effect of a given size, the more potent the drug.
      A relative term to compare the amounts of two or more drugs required to produce a given effect; the more potent the drug, the less is required. The same effect can be achieved by more of a less potent substance or by less of the same substance in a more potent form. Occasionally the term is used to refer to the length or duration of effects.
EE14.6.6.4.  .  .  median effective dose   qh
ST median effective serum concentration
EE14.6.6.6.  .  .  median lethal dose   qh
BT+EE14.4.4.4.2.6e drug toxicity potential    qh   ah

EE16edrug interaction   qh
ST drug-drug interaction
BT+EE14e pharmacodynamics    qh   ah
RT AA2.6e multiple drug use    qh   ah
+CJe chemistry    qh   ah
+EBe metabolism    qh   ah
+EE12e pharmacokinetics    qh   ah
+EE14.4.4.4e adverse drug effect    qh   ah
EE16.2e.  additive drug interaction   qh
SN The action obtained when the combined effect of two or more drugs taken together is equal to the sum of the individual effects.
ST additive drug effects
EE16.4e.  synergistic drug interaction   qh
SN The joint action of two or more drugs that results in a total effect greater than the sum of the individual effects.
ST drug potentiation
supra-additive drug interactions
synergistic drug effects
RT YL2.2 ethanol agonists    qh   ah
+YV14.2e adrenergic receptor agonists    qh   ah
EE16.6e.  antagonistic drug interaction   qh
ST antagonistic drug effects
RT+YD8e enzyme inhibitors    qh   ah
+YD8.2 ADH antagonists    qh   ah
+YG34 hormone antagonists    qh   ah
+YL2.4 ethanol antagonists    qh   ah
+YL6e antagonists    qh   ah
 YM14.2 prostaglandin antagonists    qh   ah
+YT14.2e anticoagulants    qh   ah
+YT14.6.4 heparin antagonists    qh   ah
+YV6.4e histamine antagonists    qh   ah
+YV6.6e serotonin antagonists    qh   ah
 YV14.4e neurotransmitter uptake inhibitors    qh   ah
+YW12.2e narcotic antagonists    qh   ah
EE16.8e.  adverse drug interaction   qh
RT+EE14.4.4.4e adverse drug effect    qh   ah
+EE14.4.4.4.2e toxic drug effect    qh   ah
+GH10.4 chemical poisoning    qh   ah

EE18edrug evaluation   qh
SN The evaluation of a drug's effectiveness, safety, and so forth. Do not confuse this with testing a person for drug use, which is *+HB AODU screening, identification, and diagnostic method* qh ah.
ST testing of a drug
BT+FV22e evaluation    qh   ah
RT+MN28.2.8.2 pure food and drug laws    qh   ah
EE18.2.  drug evaluation criteria   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
NT EE14.4.2e drug efficacy    qh   ah
+EE14.4.4.4.2.6e drug toxicity potential    qh   ah
 EE14.4.6.2 drug latency    qh   ah
RT+EE2 AOD abuse and dependence potential    qh   ah
+EE4e drug purity    qh   ah
+EE14e pharmacodynamics    qh   ah
+MQ8.4.2e cost-benefit analysis    qh   ah
EE18.2.2.  .  drug safety   qh
RT EE14.4.2e drug efficacy    qh   ah
+EE14.4.4.4.2e toxic drug effect    qh   ah
EE18.4.  drug evaluation process   qh
HN Introduced 1995.
ST drug evaluation procedures
EE18.4.2.  .  drug effect measurement   qh

EE20echemical exposure   qh
SN Passive or involuntary exposure to chemical substances. Use for documents that discuss exposure (e.g., prevalence of exposure) and exposure mechanisms, with or without a discussion of effects. If applicable, use the appropriate descriptor from *+TA age* qh ah and from *+B AOD substance or product* qh ah. For documents that discuss the effects of chemical exposure, use *+GH10 exogenous chemical disorder* qh ah, if appropriate, in conjunction with *+EE20 chemical exposure* qh ah. Do not use *+EE20 chemical exposure* qh ah if mention of exposure is merely incidental to the discussion of effects. For a complete search, combine both descriptors with OR.
RT+Be AOD substance or product    qh   ah
+EE14.4.6 drug effect by time    qh   ah
+EE14.4.6.6 acute drug effect    qh   ah
 EE14.4.6.6.2 subacute drug effect    qh   ah
+EE14.4.6.8 chronic drug effect    qh   ah
+EE14.4.6.10 persistent drug effect    qh   ah
 EE14.4.6.10.2 cumulative drug effect    qh   ah
+EFe route of administration    qh   ah
+GH10 exogenous chemical disorder    qh   ah
+PZ2 physical environment    qh   ah
+TL6.2.6e postnatally AOD-exposed child    qh   ah
EE20.2.  passive inhalation   qh
ST passive smoking
NT BD6.2 secondhand smoke    qh   ah
RT+BD6 tobacco smoke    qh   ah
+EE20.8 postnatal chemical exposure    qh   ah
+EF4.4.4.2e smoking    qh   ah
EE20.4e.  reproductive effects of AODU   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN The effects of AODU on the reproductive system and consequential effects on offspring as opposed to the direct AOD effects on the fetus, which is covered in *+EE20.6.4 prenatal AOD exposure* qh ah and *+GJ2.16.2 AODR intrauterine disorder* qh ah. This concept is classified here because the focus is on the effects on offspring.
BT+AM2.2e physiological AODE    qh   ah
+XQe reproductive system    qh   ah
EE20.4.2.  .  maternal AOD exposure   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
EE20.4.2.2.  .  .  maternal alcohol exposure   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
BT+BBe alcohol in any form    qh   ah
RT GJ2.16.2.4.2e fetal alcohol effects    qh   ah
EE20.4.4.  .  paternal AOD exposure   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
EE20.4.4.2.  .  .  paternal alcohol exposure   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
BT+BBe alcohol in any form    qh   ah
RT GJ2.16.2.4.2e fetal alcohol effects    qh   ah
EE20.6e.  prenatal chemical exposure   qh
SN Use this descriptor when the mechanism of exposure is discussed. Use *+GJ2.16 chemical intrauterine disorder* qh ah when the actual effects due to drug exposure are discussed.
ST embryonal chemical exposure
fetal chemical exposure
in utero chemical exposure
BT+EF4.6e parenteral administration    qh   ah
RT ED4.12e pregnancy    qh   ah
 EE12.4.2.4e placental drug transfer    qh   ah
+EE14e pharmacodynamics    qh   ah
+GJ2.14e teratogenesis    qh   ah
 GJ2.14.2 chemical teratogenesis    qh   ah
+GJ2.16e chemical intrauterine disorder    qh   ah
 GJ2.16.2.2.2 neonatal abstinence syndrome    qh   ah
+TE10.2 pregnant female    qh   ah
+TL6e AOD-exposed    qh   ah
EE20.6.2.  .  timing of prenatal chemical exposure   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST timing of in utero chemical exposure
EE20.6.4e.  .  prenatal AOD exposure   qh
HN Introduced 1995. ETOH descriptor 2000.
ST intrauterine AOD exposure
RT AA2.8e involuntary AOD use    qh   ah
+EE20.4e reproductive effects of AODU    qh   ah
+JA6.12.6 biological risk and protective factors    qh   ah
+TL6e AOD-exposed    qh   ah
EE20.6.4.2e.  .  .  prenatal alcohol exposure   qh
SN Use this descriptor when the mechanism of exposure is discussed. Use *GJ2.16.2.4.2 fetal alcohol effects* qh ah when the actual effects due to exposure to alcohol are discussed.
BT+BBe alcohol in any form    qh   ah
RT GJ2.16.2.4.2e fetal alcohol effects    qh   ah
+GJ2.16.2.4.6e fetal alcohol syndrome    qh   ah
EE20.6.4.4.  .  .  prenatal cocaine exposure   qh
BT+BK cocaine in any form    qh   ah
+BK2e cocaine    qh   ah
EE20.8.  postnatal chemical exposure   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
SN Exposure of an infant (0 to 12 months) to chemical substances via inhalation or nursing.
ST infant chemical exposure
BT+TA12.2e infant    qh   ah
RT+EE20.2 passive inhalation    qh   ah
EE20.8.2e.  .  postnatal AOD exposure   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST infant AOD exposure
postnatal response to AOD exposure
BT+Be AOD substance or product    qh   ah
+TA12.2e infant    qh   ah
RT ES24e lactation    qh   ah
+TL6.2.6e postnatally AOD-exposed child    qh   ah
EE20.8.2.2e.  .  .  postnatal alcohol exposure   qh
HN Introduced 2000.
ST infant alcohol exposure
postnatal response to alcohol exposure
BT+BBe alcohol in any form    qh   ah
+TA12.2e infant    qh   ah
RT+TL6.2.6e postnatally AOD-exposed child    qh   ah


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