INCLUSION CRITERIA:
GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PMD PATIENTS:
- Diagnosis of clinically definite PMD utilizing Fahn and Williams criteria. The diagnosis must be made by a neurologist.
- Able to give informed consent
- Age 18 or older
GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR NES PATIENTS:
-Diagnosis of NES based on recording of patient's typical episode during 24 hour video-EEG without concomitant EEG changes. The diagnosis must be made by a neurologist.
- Able to give informed consent
- Age 18 or older
INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS:
- Able to give informed consent
- Age 18 or older
GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PMD PATIENTS:
- Significant neurological disorders (primary or comorbid) such as neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, movement disorders or epilepsy
- Inflammatory disorders or autoimmune disorders active within the last 6 months
- Patients with psychotic disorders or manic depression or active substance abuse within the last 6 months
- Current suicidal ideation
- Disease severity requiring inpatient treatment
ADDITIONAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PMD PATIENTS FOR fMRI:
- Patients with movement symptoms at rest
- Previous history of or MRI findings consistent with brain tumors, strokes, trauma or arterial venous malformations
- History of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness or amnesia lasting greater than a few seconds
- Contraindication to MRI
- Pregnancy
- Significant medical illness
- Patients with current post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder or obsessive compulsive disorder
- Patients on antidepressants or antiepileptic medications 2 weeks prior to testing
GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR NES PATIENTS:
- Significant neurological disorders (primary or comorbid) such as neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, movement disorders or epilepsy
- Inflammatory disorders or autoimmune disorders active within the last 6 months
- Patients with psychotic disorders or active substance abuse within the last 6 months
- Current suicidal ideation
- Disease severity requiring inpatient treatment
EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS FOR fMRI:
- Previous history of or MRI findings consistent with brain tumors, strokes, trauma or arterial venous malformations
- Contraindication to MRI
- Pregnancy
- Significant medical illness
- History of DSM IV-defined schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder or major depression with psychosis
- Subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or panic disorder
- Subjects on antidepressants or antiepileptic medications