…man made the city, and after he became sufficiently civilized, not afraid of solitude, and knew on what terms to live with nature, God promoted him to life in the country…

John Burroughs, In the Catskills, 1910.
Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920

Noon Meditations at Slabsides Kellogg & Innes, portrait of John Burroughs, seated in rocking chair, copyright 1901.
Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920

Writer John Burroughs was born on April 3, 1837, near Roxbury, New York. Like Henry David Thoreau before him, Burroughs gained a wide following for his observations, in the form of nature essays, of the world around him.

Burroughs published his first collection of nature writings, Wake Robin, (excerpted in In the Catskills), in 1871. Among his most well known works are Birds and Poets (1877), Locusts and Wild Honey (1879), Signs and Seasons (1886), and Ways of Nature (1905).

In 1899, Burroughs joined a host of luminaries, including fellow naturalist John Muir, conservationist Theodore Roosevelt and painter Luis Agassiz Fuertes, on a scientific expedition along the Alaska coast. Burroughs' writing is one of several items featured in The Harriman Alaska Expedition: Chronicles and Souvenirs May to August 1899, a private souvenir album created by the members of the expedition.

• To learn more about Burroughs and the historical context of his career, go to In the Catskills and scroll down this page of bibliographic information to the American Memory note, or view the Documentary Chronology of Selected Events in the Development of the American Conservation Movement, 1847-1920.
• The Harriman Expedition set forth to increase America's understanding of the Alaska region's natural history and native inhabitants. An album of photographs taken by various people during the expedition is presented in American Colonization and Exploration. This bilingual English-Russian exhibition tells the story of American and Russian exploration and settlement of that region and the meeting of the Russian-American frontier in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest. Several of the pictures documenting the area's cultural diversity were shot by soon-to-be-renowned photographer Edward S. Curtis.
• Also see The Harriman Alaska Expedition: Chronicles and Souvenirs May to August 1899 presented in Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920. In addition to photographs, this album includes maps, paintings, poems, song lyrics, and prose related to the expedition. Examine the album by selecting pages from its Table of Contents.
• Search on Thoreau or Muir in Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920 to find more examples of the American tradition of nature writing.