SCHUMER STUDY REVEALS FIRST EVER EVIDENCE OF MASSIVE GUN TRAFFICKING;

NEARLY ALL CRIME GUNS SOLD BY HIGH CRIME RETAIL DEALERS ARE QUICKLY RE-SOLD BEFORE USE IN CRIME

140 High Crime Retail Dealers Are Source of 1,421 Homicide Case Guns Over Past 3 Years

Schumer Study Adds Impetus to Lawsuits that Contend Manufacturers Do Little to Prevent the Secondary Sale of Guns to Criminals

Guns bought from high crime gun stores are quickly being resold to criminals and are turning up in thousands of violent crimes including more than 1,400 homicide cases, according to a new report released today by Senator Charles E. Schumer (D-NY). Schumer's report, a follow-up to a study he released in June which identified a small number of gun dealers as the source of thousands of crime guns, showed that of the nearly 35,000 guns traced back to 140 high crime gun dealers over the past three years, only 13% of the time was the perpetrator of the crime the same person as the purchaser of the gun. These 140 high crime gun stores, retail dealers which were the source of at least 50 guns traced to crimes committed in 1998, represent roughly one-tenth of one percent of all federally licensed gun dealers and account for nearly 20% of all ATF crime traces.

"Seven of eight crime guns bought from this tiny slice of gun dealers changed hands before they were used in a crime. This proves that criminals get their guns almost exclusively through the unregulated secondary market where guns bought by someone with a clean record are quickly trafficked to criminals who cannot pass a Brady background check," said Schumer.

Schumer's study also showed that one in three guns traced back to these same high crime gun dealers were recovered in a crime within one year of the gun being sold and half were traced to crimes within two years of the original sale -- strong evidence that many of the guns that end up in the hands of criminals are trafficked, in the view of federal law enforcement.

"Experienced trafficking investigators have found that recovery of crime guns within three years is a significant trafficking indicator," according to a February, 1999 report on gun traces by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. Typically, the time from when a gun is first sold to when it is recovered in a crime averages between three and five years.

"Where do the 472,000 individuals who fail the Brady check get their guns? While some are undoubtedly deterred, others get their guns from traffickers who feast on stores that either don't know or don't care that the person buying the guns is not going to keep them," said Schumer. "The result is a flourishing underground market in guns that find their way into the hands of criminals.

The latest Schumer study should have an impact on the pending lawsuits against gun manufacturers as it reveals that a tiny slice of gun dealers account for an enormous number of crime guns and that little industry effort is made to stem the secondary market for guns used in crime. For each gun trace, federal law enforcement initially contacts gun manufacturers with the serial number and model of the gun. Manufacturers then inform law enforcement which licensed dealer, often a gun wholesaler or distributor, they sold the weapon to.

"Most of the time, manufacturers know when one of their guns is used in a crime, but they have not taken the extra step to find out from which gun store it was sold," said Schumer. "This seems like the obvious question to ask for someone in the gun business. But it's don't ask, don't tell because they don't want to know."

Schumer analyzed raw data obtained via request from ATF which focused on the 140 federally licensed retail gun stores which Schumer identified in an earlier report as the source of at least 50 guns traced to crimes committed in 1998. The data encompasses 34,867 guns traced back to these stores for crimes committed between 1996 and 1998. These 140 gun stores, representing 0.13% of all federally licensed retail dealers, are the source of 19.3% of the 180,791 guns which ATF traced to a retail dealer between 1996 and 1998.

Schumer found that of the 34,867 guns traced back to these gun stores, in only 4,409 cases, or 12.6% of the time, was the possessor of the crime gun the same person as the original purchaser. The remaining 30,458 guns were used in a crime by someone other than the original purchaser of the gun, the first ever evidence of a massive secondary market for crime guns.

"We have seen evidence of gun trafficking in individual cases, but the extent of trafficking has always been a mystery," said Schumer.

Schumer noted that not every gun that is sold in the unregulated secondary market is a prelude to a crime. Collectors routinely buy and sell guns to each other without the use of background checks. And Schumer cautioned that not every one of these crime guns necessarily went through a secondary market. In some cases, it is possible that a family member used the gun in a crime or that the gun was resold through another licensed firearms dealer like a pawnshop. However, it is unlikely that guns recovered in crime within two years of first being bought were resold through a pawnbroker or any licensed firearms dealer.

One of the key enablers of the secondary market in guns is the loophole that allows any person to sell their own firearm to another individual without conducting a background check or submitting any paperwork so long as the seller does not have reason to believe that the buyer is prohibited by law from owning a gun. It is also illegal to sell guns without a federal dealers' license if the seller is deemed to be conducting a business rather than simply making a private sale. These two legal standards make it exceptionally difficult to prosecute straw buyers and traffickers of guns.

"The secondary market is to crime guns what the Cayman Islands is to money. It launders the gun so that when it turns up in a crime the trace leads law enforcement to a dead end," said Schumer.

• Schumer announced that when the Senate reconvenes in January he will introduce legislation requiring:a background check for every secondary sale of handguns and semiautomatic assault weapon sales;
• all secondary sales be conducted through a licensed firearms dealer who completes the background check;
• a change in the Brady Law to prohibit any person from buying a handgun if he/she has sold at least two guns that were used in crime by a subsequent buyer;
• notification to National Tracing Center of each such secondary sale so that should the gun turn up in a crime, a successful trace is possible (notification includes information about the firearm exchanged but not the names of the unlicensed seller or unlicensed buyer).

Schumer has already introduced the "Targeted Gun Dealer Enforcement Act of 1999" (S. 1306), which would crack down on certain gun dealers and traffickers responsible for funneling firearms into the hands of those who use guns in crime. The bill would, among other things, tighten reporting and other regulatory requirements for the few licensed firearms dealers responsible for 25 or more guns traced to crime in a given year, clearly outlaw and provide increased penalties for straw purchase schemes, give ATF authority to suspend and impose civil monetary penalties upon licensed firearms dealers who break the law, and permit the National Tracing Center to computerize all firearms sales records in its possession.

"These are very modest changes in the law that would have a chilling effect on the underground gun market," Schumer said.

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Crime Guns Sold By High Crime Gun Dealers Quickly Change Hands and are Rarely Used by Original Buyer of the Gun

Schumer analyzed data from 140 retail gun dealers which were the source of at least 50 guns traced to crimes committed in 1998. These 140 gun stores, slightly more than one-tenth of one percent of the nation's 104,000 gun stores, accounted for 14,097 ATF crime traces, or 18.6% of the 75,844 successful traces to retail stores. Between 1996 and 1998 these same stores accounted for 34,867 ATF crime traces, or 19.3% of the 180,791 successful traces to retail stores.

• Of the 34,867 guns traced by ATF back to the140 high crime gun stores, only in 4,409 of the traces was the possessor of the crime gun the same as the purchaser (12.6%).
• In the remaining 30,458 crimes, the gun changed hands and the person who committed the crime was not the original purchaser of the gun (87.4%).
• In 1998, crime guns from these stores changed hands 85.9% of the time (12,109 out of 14,097 guns).
• In 1997, crime guns from these stores changed hands 88.2% of the time (10,936 out of 12,405 guns).
• In 1996, crime guns from these stores changed hands 88.5% of the time (7,343 out of 8,295 guns).

Guns from High Crime Stores Quickly Used in Crimes

Nearly half of the guns traced to crime from these 140 high crime stores were recovered within two years of the original sale from the store. Typically, the average crime gun is recovered within three to five years from its original sale. Since nearly all of these guns were used in crimes after changing hands, it means that guns bought from these stores were almost immediately resold to criminals.

• Between 1996 and 1998, of the 27,670 guns traced by ATF back to these 140 high crime guns stores and for which a date of the gun purchase was supplied to ATF, 13,431 guns were recovered within two years of first being sold (48.5%).
• 8,960 guns were recovered within one year of first being sold (32.4%).
• 3,588 were recovered within three months of first being sold (13.0%).

Guns from High Crime Stores Used in Violent Crimes

• Between 1996 and 1998, 1,421 homicide case guns were traced back to these 140 high crime gun dealers. That is 6.8% of the total homicide case handgun traces by ATF over this period.
• Each of the 140 high crime gun dealers had at least one homicide case gun trace over the past three years.
• Gun dealers from the following locations had at least 20 homicide case handguns traced back to their stores between 1996-1998: Riverdale, Illinois (43), West Milwaukee (40), Indianapolis (35), Richmond (34), Elmwood Park, Illinois (33), Spring, Texas (31), Forestville, Maryland (28), Jefferson, Louisiana (28), Chalmette, Louisiana (24), Lincolnwood, Illinois (23), Tucson (23), Indianapolis (21), Bedford Heights, Ohio (21), Philadelphia (20), San Leandro, CA (20), Fontana, CA (20), Tucson (20).

High Crime Gun Dealers by City and State

Straw Buyers, Time to Crime, Homicide Guns

1996 - 1998

Alabama (3 gun stores)

• Possessor of crime gun equaled purchaser of gun in 34 of the 874 traces (Huntsville - 21 of 463, Trafford - 2 of 193, Tarramt - 11 of 218).
• Of the 749 traced guns for which the purchase date was known,172 guns were recovered within one year and 291 within two years of the original purchase date (Huntsville - 132 within one year and 221 within two years out of 425 traces, Trafford - 0 within one year and 4 within two years out of 146 traces, Tarramt - 40 within one year and 66 within two years out of 178 traces).
• 26 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced to these stores (Huntsville - 17, Trafford - 3, Tarramt - 6).

Arizona (2 gun stores)

• Possessor of crime gun equaled purchaser of gun in 111 of 790 traces (Tucson I - 66 of 457, Tucson II - 45 of 333)
• Of the 578 traced guns for which the purchase date was known, 190 guns were recovered within one year and 295 within two years (Tucson I - 87 within one year and 141 within two years out of 324 traces, Tucson II - 103 within one year and 154 within two years of 254 traces).
• 43 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced to these stores (Tucson I - 23, Tucson II - 20).

California (12 gun stores)

• Possessor of crime gun equaled purchaser of gun in 319 of 2,470 traces (National City - 23 of 178, Chino I - 29 of 242, Signal Hill - 6 of 92, Chino II - 37 of 230, Fontana - 43 of 344, San Leandro - 44 of 304, Northridge - 7 of 113, North Hollywood I - 41 of 292, North Hollywood II - 13 of 115, Compton - 21 of 270, Reseda - 13 of 82, Hawthorne - 42 of 208).
• Of the 1,900 traced guns for which the purchase date was known, 298 guns were recovered within one year and 501 within two years (National City - 21 within one year and 32 within two years of 138 traces, Chino I - 33 within one year and 59 within two years of 187 traces, Signal Hill - 6 within one year and 7 within two years of 83 traces, Chino II - 29 within one year and 54 within two years of 181 traces, Fontana - 38 within one year and 68 within two years of 259 traces, San Leandro - 30 within one year and 51 within two years of 216 traces, Northridge - 0 within one year and 2 within two years of 91 traces, North Hollywood I - 31 within one year and 56 within two years of 238 traces, North Hollywood II - 9 within one year and 17 within two years of 28 traces, Compton - 42 within one year and 60 within two years of 218 traces, Reseda - 0 traces within one or two years of 70 traces, Hawthorne - 59 within one year and 95 within two years of 191 traces).
• 123 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced to these stores (National City - 14, Chino I - 11, Signal Hill - 2, Chino II - 6, Fontana - 20, San Leandro - 20, Northridge - 7, North Hollywood I - 14, North Hollywood II - 8, Compton - 12, Reseda - 2, Hawthorne - 7).

(The Northridge Store has been out of business since 1996.)

Connecticut (1 gun store)

• Possessor of the gun equaled purchaser of the gun in 11 of 134 traces at the lone high crime gun store in Connecticut (Hamden).
• Of the 111 traced guns for which the purchase date was known, 9 were recovered within one year and 23 within two years of being bought.
• 3 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to the Hamden store.

(Note: The Hamden store has been out of business since 1995.)

Delaware (1 gun store)

• Possessor of the gun equaled purchaser of the gun in 33 of 165 traces at the lone high crime gun store in Delaware (New Castle).
• Of the 107 traced guns for which the purchase date was known, 26 were recovered within one year and 43 within two years of being bought.
• 5 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to the New Castle store.

Florida (16 gun stores)

• Possessor of the gun equaled purchaser of the gun in 232 of 2,207 traces (Hialeah I - 16 of 258, Miami I through VIII - 110 of 1,070, Jacksonville I - 14 of 136, Jacksonville II - 4 of 97, Apopka - 11 of 164, Tallahassee - 20 of 89, Ft. Lauderdale - 14 of 107, Hialeah II - 31 of 191, Naranja - 12 of 95.
• Of the 1,450 traced guns for which the purchase date was known, 220 were recovered within one year and 360 within two years of being bought (Hialeah I - 38 within one year and 60 within two years of 151 traces, Miami I through VIII - 77 within one year and 131 within two years of 701 traces, Jacksonville I - 0 within one or two years of 93 traces, Jacksonville II - 10 within one year and 16 within two years of 74 traces, Apopka - 16 within one year and 30 within 2 years of 75 traces, Tallahassee - 24 within one year and 28 within two years of 52 traces, Ft. Lauderdale - 17 within one year and 33 within two years of 73 traces, Hialeah - 20 within one year and 35 within two years of 162 traces, Naranja - 18 within one year and 27 within two years of 69 traces.
• 158 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced to these stores (Hialeah I - 19, Miami I through VIII - 90, Jacksonville I - 5, Jacksonville II - 4, Apopka - 11, Tallahassee - 2, Ft. Lauderdale - 7, Hialeah II - 11, Naranja - 9.

(Note: 3 Miami stores have been out of business since 1993, 1994, and 1995; the Jacksonville I store has been out of business since 1997.)

Georgia (15 stores)

• Possessor of the gun equaled purchaser of the gun in 458 of 3,475 traces (Bogart - 45 of 174, Atlanta I - 32 of 177, Jonesboro I - 17 of 163, Decatur I - 104 of 607, Atlanta II - 17 of 164, East Point - 64 of 566, Decatur II - 34 of 222, Jonesboro II - 46 of 418, Mableton - 15 of 155, Macon - 17 of 111, Hephzibah - 1 of 58, Doraville I - 21 of 132, Doraville 26 of 245, Marietta - 15 of 148, Chickamauga - 4 of 140.
• Of the 2,323 guns for which the purchase date was known, 960 were recovered within one year and 1,381 within two years of being bought (Bogart - 21 within one year and 32 within two years of 95 traces, Atlanta I - 72 within one year and 100 within two years of 111 traces, Jonesboro I - 28 within one year and 44 within two years of 113 traces, Decatur I - 153 within one year and 225 within two years of 404 traces, Atlanta II - 62 within one year and 89 within two years of 118 traces, East Point - 140 within one year and 207 within two years of 346 traces, Decatur II - 90 within one year and 125 within two years of 164 traces, Jonesboro II - 102 within one year and 143 within two years of 272 traces, Mableton - 41 within one year and 69 within two years of 103 traces, Chickamauga - 52 within one year and 77 within two years of 104 traces, Macon - 25 within one year and 39 with two years of 54 traces, Hephzibah - 49 within one year and 50 within two years of 54 traces, Doraville I - 85 within one year and 109 within two years of 115 traces, Doraville II - 11 within one year and 30 within two years of 170 traces, Marietta - 29 within one year and 42 within two years of 100 traces.
• 73 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to these stores (Bogart - 5, Atlanta I - 1, Jonesboro I - 3, Decatur I - 13, Atlanta II - 2, East Point - 7, Decatur II - 3, Jonesboro II - 6, Mableton - 1, Chickamauga - 6, Macon - 7, Hephzibah - 1, Doraville I - 4, Doraville II - 7, Marietta - 7).

(Note: Doraville II has been out of business since 1996.)

Illinois (10 gun stores)

• Possessor of crime gun equaled purchaser of gun in 119 of 4,297 traces (Elmwood Park - 2 of 788, Lincolnwood - 27 of 455, Lyons - 11 of 346, Riverdale - 16 of 1,176, Franklin Park - 11 of 356, Dundee - 16 of 187, Melrose Park - 4 of 399, Oak Lawn - 4 of 304, Collinsville - 14 of 114, Decatur - 14 of 172).
• Of the 3,859 traces for which the purchase date was known, 1,487 were recovered within one year and 2,196 within two years of being sold (Elmwood Park - 279 within one year and 428 within two years of 725 traces, Lincolnwood - 136 within one year and 208 within two years of 432 traces, Lyons - 103 within one year and 143 within two years of 305 traces, Riverdale - 455 within one year and 637 within two years of 1,094 traces, Franklin - 143 within one year and 213 within two years of 318 traces, Dundee - 50 within one year and 78 within two years of 149 traces, Melrose - 200 within one year and 271 within two years of 356 traces, Oak Lawn - 80 within one year and 145 within two years of 282 traces, Collinsville - 14 of one year and 28 within two years of 67 traces, Decatur - 27 within one year and 45 within two years of 131 traces).
• 183 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to these dealers (Elmwood Park - 33, Lincolnwood - 23, Lyons - 10, Riverdale - 43, Franklin Park - 15, Dundee - 21, Melrose Park - 12, Oak Lawn - 12, Collinsville - 7, Decatur - 7.

Indiana (15 gun stores)

• Possessor of the crime gun was the purchaser of the gun in 119 of 4,297 traces (Gary I - 6 of 177, Valparaiso - 26 of 329, Indianapolis I - 70 of 436, Merrillville - 13 of 161, Indianapolis II - 57 of 390, Chesterton - 23 of 314, Indianapolis III - 137 of 911, Indianapolis IV - 52 of 295, Gary - 31 of 213, Indianapolis V - 41 of 218, Lake Station - 39 of 439, Indianapolis VI - 41 of 197, Griffith - 35 of 239, Camby - 75 of 481, Gary II- 38 of 327).
• Of the 4,696 traces for which the purchase date was known, 2,018 were recovered within one year and 2,875 within two years of being sold (Gary I - 0 within one year and 1 within two years of 152 traces, Valparaiso - 103 within one year and 150 within two years of 293 traces, Indianapolis I - 192 within one year and 270 within two years of 414 traces, Merillville - 50 within one year and 80 within two years of 136 traces, Indianapolis II - 142 within one year and 203 within two years of 356 traces, Chesterton - 66 within one year and 129 within two years of 271 traces, Indianapolis III - 414 within one year and 560 within two years of 863 traces, Indianapolis IV - 146 within one year and 187 within two years of 270 traces, Gary II - 72 within one year and 116 within two years of 189 traces, Indianapolis V - 94 within one year and 138 within two years of 206 traces, Lake Station - 253 within one year and 361 within two years of 407 traces, Indianapolis VI - 105 within one year and 137 within two years of 190 traces, Griffith - 78 within one year and 115 within two years of 208 traces, Camby - 156 within one year and 232 within two years of 456 traces, Gary III - 147 within one year and 196 within two years of 285 traces.
• 172 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to these dealers (Gary I - 3, Valparaiso - 14, Indianapolis I - 9, Merrillville - 6, Indianapolis II - 14, Chesterton - 6, Indianapolis III - 35, Indianapolis IV - 7, Gary II - 3, Indianapolis V - 21, Lake Station - 12, Indianapolis VI - 10, Griffith - 6, Camby - 17, Gary III - 9).

(Note: Gary I has been out of business since 1993.)

Kansas (1 gun store)

• The possessor of the crime gun was the same as the purchaser of the gun in 18 of 232 traces at the lone Kansas retail dealer in Overland Park.
• Of the 199 traces for which the purchase date was known at the Overland Park store, 56 were recovered within one year and 74 within two years of being sold.
• 15 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced back to the Overland Park store.

Louisiana (3 gun stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser of the gun in 112 of the 863 traces (Chalmette - 21 of 214, Jefferson - 84 of 547, Baton Rouge - 7 of 102).
• Of the 742 traces for which the purchase date is known, 224 were recovered within one year and 372 within two years of being sold (Chalmette - 14 within one year and 24 within two years of 164 traces, Jefferson - 200 within one year and 328 within two years of 495 traces, Baton Rouge - 10 within one year and 20 within two years of 83 traces).
• 58 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced back to these stores (Chalmette - 24, Jefferson - 28, Baton Rouge - 6).

(Note: the Chalmette store has been out of business since 1998.)

Maryland (6 gun stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 265 of 1,679 traces (Silver Spring - 28 of 121, Forestville - 115 of 493, Baltimore I - 38 of 288, Baltimore II - 13 of 158, Baltimore III - 43 of 394, Baltimore IV - 2 of 225).
• Of the 1,387 traces for which the purchase date is known, 396 were recovered within one year and 634 within two years of being sold (Silver Spring - 17 within one year and 29 within two years of 89 traces, Forestville - 105 within one year and 167 within two years of 304 traces, Baltimore I - 79 within one year and 118 within two years of 270 traces, Baltimore II - 38 within one year and 61 within two years of 143 traces, Baltimore III - 93 within one year and 157 within two years of 371 traces, Baltimore IV - 64 within one year and 102 within two years of 210 traces).
• 64 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced back to these stores (Silver Spring - 5, Forestville - 28, Baltimore I - 7, Baltimore II - 10, Baltimore III - 7, Baltimore IV - 7).

Minnesota (2 gun stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 52 of 382 traces (Minneapolis - 12 of 144, Robbinsdale - 40 of 238).
• Of the 328 traces for which the purchase date is known, 118 were recovered within one year and 154 within two years of being sold (Minneapolis - 4 within one year and 9 within two years of 126, Robbinsdale - 114 within one year and 145 within two years of 202).
• 13 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced back to these stores (Minneapolis - 4, Robbinsdale - 9).

Missouri (2 gun stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 85 of 526 traces (Dellwood - 42 of 329, St. Louis - 43 of 197).
• Of the 223 traces for which the purchase date is known, 51 were recovered within one year and 97 within two years of being sold (Dellwood - 29 within one year and 62 within two years of 139 traces, St. Louis - 22 within one year and 35 within two years of 84 traces).
• 7 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced back to these stores (Dellwood - 3, St. Louis - 4).

New Jersey (1 store)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 53 of 158 traces at the lone New Jersey high crime gun store in North Plainfield.
• Of the 124 traces in which the purchase date is known, 10 were recovered within one year and 27 within two years of being sold.
• 10 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced back to this store.

New York (2 stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 55 of 386 traces (Farmingdale - 26 of 211, Buffalo - 29 of 178).
• Of the 296 traces in which the purchase date is known, 29 were recovered within one year and 50 within two years of being sold (Farmingdale - 13 within one year and 26 within two years of 181, Buffalo - 16 within one year and 24 within two years of 115).
• 13 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced back to these stores (Farmingdale - 11, Buffalo - 2).

(Note: the Farmingdale store has been out of business since 1997.)

North Carolina (4 stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 93 of 905 traces (Fayetteville - 13 of 151, Charlotte I - 13 of 119, Charlotte II - 11 of 78, Charlotte III - 56 of 557).
• Of the 606 traces in which the purchase date is known, 195 were recovered within one year and 308 within two years of being sold (Fayetteville - 18 within one year and 30 within two years of 111, Charlotte I - 52 within one year and 70 within two years of 107, Charlotte II - 22 within one year and 37 within two years of 66, Charlotte III - 121 within one year and 201 within two years of 433).
• 35 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced back to these stores (Fayetteville - 9, Charlotte I - 5, Charlotte II - 3, Charlotte III - 18).

Ohio (7 stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 451 of 1,806 traces (Gallipolis - 80 of 158, Columbus - 14 of 265, Washington Court House - 30 of 141, North College Hill - 238 of 369, Bedford Heights - 104 of 547, Akron - 22 of 154, Cleveland - 35 of 172).
• Of the 1,552 traces in which the purchase date is known, 390 were recovered within one year and 650 within two years of being sold (Gallipolis - 4 within one year and 6 within two years of 112, Columbus - 35 within one year and 56 within two years of 174, Washington Court House - 6 within one year and 17 within two years of 111, North College Hill - 117 within one year and 211 within two years of 368, Bedford Heights - 119 within one year and 190 within two years of 485, Akron - 45 within one year and 62 within two years of 141, Cleveland - 64 within one year and 108 within two years of 161).
• 61 guns recovered in homicide investigations were traced back to these stores (Gallipolis - 7, Columbus - 17, Washington Court House - 5, North College Hill - 1, Bedford Heights - 21, Akron - 6, Cleveland - 4).

(Note: the Gallipolis store has been out of business since 1997.)

Pennsylvania (6 stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 177 of 1,046 traces (Philadelphia I - 50 of 308, Montgomeryville - 21 of 192, Philadelphia II - 10 of 97, Philadelphia III - 13 of 82, Upper Darby - 46 of 196, Wilkinsburg - 37 of 171).
• Of the 851 traces in which the purchase date is known, 302 were recovered within one year and 413 within two years of being sold (Philadelphia I - 64 within one year and 91 within two years of 254, Montgomeryville - 24 within one year and 48 within two years of 156, Philadelphia II - 35 within one year and 45 within two years of 78, Philadelphia III - 36 within one year and 42 within two years of 66, Upper Darby - 89 within one year and 114 within two years of 163, Wilkinsburg - 54 within one year and 73 within two years of 134).
• 56 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to these stores (Philadelphia I - 20, Montgomeryville - 10, Philadelphia II - 3, Philadelphia III - 5, Upper Darby - 16, Wilkinsburg - 2).

(Note: the Montgomeryville store has been out of business since 1997.)

Tennessee (9 stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 235 of 1,510 traces (Memphis I - 63 of 337, Memphis II - 48 of 304, Lavergne - 13 of 151, Nashville I - 41 of 246, Nashville II - 5 of 57, Nashville III - 11 of 85, Memphis III - 22 of 128, Smyrna - 7 of 93, Memphis IV - 25 of 109).
• Of the 1,407 traces in which the purchase date is known, 452 were recovered within one year and 734 within two years of being sold (Memphis I - 101 within one year and 162 within two years of 323, Memphis II - 76 within one year and 140 within two years of 293, Lavergne - 21 within one year and 42 within two years of 127, Nashville I - 86 within one year and 130 within two years of 225, Nashville II - 16 within one year and 26 within two years of 48, Nashville III - 28 within one year and 47 within two years of 79, Memphis III - 55 within one year and 78 within two years of 125, Smyrna - 21 within one year and 38 within two years of 84, Memphis IV - 48 within one year and 71 within two years of 103).
• 65 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to these stores (Memphis I - 15, Memphis II - 6, Lavergne - 11, Nashville I - 13, Nashville II - 2, Nashville III - 4, Memphis III - 5, Smyrna - 7, Memphis IV - 2).

Texas (10 stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 99 of 1,446 traces (McKinney - 11 of 157, Dallas I - 6 of 111, Dallas II - 11 of 138, Mesquite - 6 of 86, Irving - 7 of 89, Grand Prairie - 11 of 154, Garland - 20 of 78, Dallas III - 14 of 225, Spring - 27 of 308, Kemp - 0 of 100).
• Of the 1,001 traces in which the purchase date is known, 189 were recovered within one year and 328 within two years (McKinney - 12 within one year and 25 within two years of 99, Dallas I - 15 within one year and 25 within two years of 97, Dallas II - 10 within one year and 30 within two years of 127, Mesquite - 17 within one year and 27 within two years of 75, Irving - 12 within one year and 20 within two years of 67, Grand Prairie - 49 within one year and 68 within two years of 136, Garland - 23 within one year and 44 within two years of 67, Kemp - 3 within one year and 3 within two years of 3, Dallas III - 31 within one year and 53 within two years of 169, Spring - 17 within one year and 33 within two years of 161.
• 68 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to these stores (McKinney - 8, Dallas I - 4, Dallas II - 2, Mesquite - 5, Irving - 4, Grand Prairie - 2, Garland - 2, Kemp - 3, Dallas III - 7, Spring - 31).

(Note: the Kemp store has been out of business since 1998, Dallas III since 1996.)

Virginia (9 stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 382 of 2,730 traces (Hampton I - 13 of 135, Mechanicsville - 45 of 314, Richmond I - 112 of 711, Richmond II - 13 of 249, Hampton II - 74 of 575, Virginia Beach - 37 of 133, Glen Allen - 39 of 307, Richmond III - 33 of 176, Carrollton - 16 of 130.
• Of the 1,473 traces in which the purchase date is known, 397 were recovered within one year and 623 within two years of being sold (Hampton I - 1 within one year and 6 within two years of 72, Mechanicsville - 25 within one year and 52 within two years of 144, Richmond I - 82 within one year and 133 within two years of 366, Richmond II - 2 within one year and 3 within two years of 159, Hampton II - 155 within one year and 244 within two years of 316, Virginia Beach - 54 within one year and 72 within two years of 81, Glen Allen - 21 within one year and 40 within two years of 165, Richmond III - 45 within one year and 54 within two years of 101, Carrollton - 12 within one year and 19 within two years of 69.
• 109 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to these stores (Hampton - 7, Mechanicsville - 17, Richmond I - 34, Richmond II - 11, Hampton - 13, Virginia Beach - 4, Glen Allen - 10, Richmond III - 8, Carrollton - 5).

(Note: the Richmond II store has been out of business since 1994, Hampton I since 1996.)

Wisconsin (3 stores)

• The possessor of the crime gun equaled the purchaser in 302 of 1,626 traces (Milwaukee - 31 of 264, West Allis - 33 of 247, West Milwaukee - 238 of 1,115).
• Of the 1,589 traces in which the purchase date is known, 753 were recovered within one year and 994 within two years of being sold (Milwaukee - 0 within one year and 4 within two years of 254, West Allis - 78 within one year and 131 within two years of 241, West Milwaukee - 675 within one year and 859 within two years of 1,094).
• 59 guns recovered in homicide cases were traced back to these stores (Milwaukee - 12, West Allis - 7, West Milwaukee - 40).

(Note: The Milwaukee store has been out of business since 1996)