‘I can’t breathe’: Why Eric Garner protests are gaining momentum

By Peniel Joseph
December 5, 2014

People take part in a protest against the grand jury decision on the death of Eric Garner in midtown Manhattan in New York

Suddenly, it feels like the 1960s again, with swirling movements for social justice finding inspiration and a powerful common denominator in the struggle for black equality.

Multiracial, multi-ethnic, multi-class, and multi-generational Americans have swarmed the streets in vast numbers to not only protest against racial injustice but to expose systemic oppression that has been an open secret since the heyday of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

The decision by a Staten Island, New York, grand jury not to indict Police Officer Daniel Pantoleo in the choking death of Eric Garner came nine days after Ferguson, Missouri, erupted into an open rebellion following another grand jury’s decision not to indict former police officer Darren Wilson in the shooting death of Michael Brown, a black teenager.

While violence engulfed parts of downtown Ferguson, 170 cities staged largely peaceful demonstrations both in solidarity with the #BlackLivesMatter movement and in demand of a vision of social justice that far surpasses the imagination of most contemporary politicians and pundits.

Thousands of New Yorkers took to the streets on Wednesday and Thursday nights to express outrage against the political system that allowed a black man to be choked to death while screaming, “I can’t breathe!”

New York Mayor Bill Di Blasio shone during a press conference, poignantly recalling warning his biracial son, Dante, how to behave around police officers. He also explained to white New Yorkers why the slogan “Black Lives Matter” was so tragically necessary in our own time.

“Black Lives Matter” has become, like an earlier generation’s use of the terms “Freedom Now” and “We Shall Overcome,” an anthem for contemporary civil and human rights activism. The struggle for black equality historically and now, offers us all a chance to transform and save American democracy.

The dramatic realization that the Age of Obama is also the Age of Ferguson has galvanized thousands of Americans to take to the streets to both vent their frustration against state-sanctioned violence and to offer up a vision of radical democracy and social change on a scale that America has never seen.

The New Deal’s blend of social democracy and capitalism faltered due to institutional racism that excluded blacks from the burgeoning postwar American middle class. The Great Society’s ambitious War on Poverty atrophied beneath the weight of America’s imperial mission in Vietnam.

Ferguson has revealed that many are ready to demand a radically expansive vision of social democracy, that goes beyond the New Deal and Great Society.

Activists converge in articulating a vision of redistributive social democratic justice. They realize that rescuing Wall Street and Big Banks has come at the expense of not just the precarious middle class but the working poor, minimum wage workers, and those mired in poverty.

In many ways the Black Lives Matters Movement is a continuation of not just civil rights era demonstrations, but more recent movements — Occupy Wall Street, Occupy the Hood, Living Wage Campaigns, and Trayvon Martin. If this were a multiple choice test listing most important causes and concerns, many would check all of the above even as they place racial and economic justice at the centerpiece of a panoramic justice movement.

Grassroots protest from Oakland to Boston have shut down highways, closed down train stations, and clogged major bridges. Activists have borrowed tactics dating back to the social-democratic movements of the Great Depression and World War II era through to civil rights era of the 1960s and anti-apartheid activism of the 1980s.

Contemporary activists and observers also would do well to recall the pugnacious side of those who starred in the heroic decade of the civil rights movement that spanned the mid-1950s and 1960s.

Martin Luther King Jr. made stinging critiques of American capitalism, arguing, by 1967, that materialism, militarism, and racism were the “triple threats” facing humanity.

Stokely Carmichael, who popularized the chant “Hell No, We Won’t Go!” and opposed the Vietnam War before King or Muhammad Ali, did not hold back from attacking the entire social and political system either.

The Black Panthers, which Carmichael had belonged to, argued for a socialist revolution, offering a ten point program that singled out police brutality as a systemic evil and advocated for transformed public schools, prisons, “land, peace, bread, and justice.”

Decades later, the Obama administration has still failed to recognize, articulate, and combat the larger questions of institutional racism, inequality, and violence (in myriad forms) directed against people of color specifically, black people especially, and Americans in general.

This is not surprising. Radical change begins from the bottom up. Creatively disruptive, morally passionate, and policy-specific demonstrations, rallies, protests, and organizing helped to change America.

From prisons to public schools, playgrounds and street corners, private homes to shopping centers, black life remains under assault almost 150 years after the end of the Civil War.

Black Lives Matter is a statement that civil rights leaders in the past would have most certainly agreed on.

Even as then, like now, they adopted different courses of action to make this tragically haunting phrase more than just words.

PHOTOS: People take part in a protest against the grand jury decision on the death of Eric Garner in midtown Manhattan in New York, Dec. 3, 2014. REUTERS/Eric Thayer

16 comments

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This is the beauty of a functional democracy – when certain systems lose their common-sense and show heavy-handedness, the rest will rise-up to force the needed correction in the system. Just the workings of a functional self-correcting system.

Posted by Mott | Report as abusive

was he doing an illegal act? was he resisting arrest? Sorry to hear of the death but obey the law

Posted by diomarco | Report as abusive

Oh so you’re saying that if you do something illegal, the police are within their rights to kill you? That does not sound like a civilized society.

Posted by sirjack | Report as abusive

You should ask yourself, “do blacks act like animals because we treat them that way, or do we treat them like animals because of how they act?” Got your answer? It was a trick question. The right answer is: nobody should b compared to an animal, or treated that way.

Posted by diluded0000 | Report as abusive

So only a black person has ever been unfairly targeted by the police? It has happened to people across all races. And not all the incidents are a blatant violation of anyone’s rights. Trying to paint all law enforcement as abusive is just the wrong approach, the vast majority of police officers are very civil and proper. If you abuse a police officer or threaten them, they will protect themselves; much as you would protect yourself from someone invading your home or attacking you.
Civil disobediance will accomplish nothing except create a further divide between people.
What I see in most of these protests is a refusal to look in the mirror and point at oneself for many of the problems that are out there.

Posted by Romas | Report as abusive

Indeed black lives matter and the incidents surrounding Eric Garner – his pointless death, the failure of a grand jury in conservative Staten Island to indict, the absurd justifications of the police (if you can talk, then you can breathe) – exemplify major institutional problems in the U.S..
But at the same time, much of this opinion degenerates into windy political slogans and exaggerates the supposed groundswell for a major overhaul of American society (such as redistributive economics). Moreover, there is no discussion of the family breakdown in the black community or the dismaying non-marital birth rate, which in itself is a major cause of poverty among single black women, or black on black violence, which is far and away the major cause of turmoil in urban centers and creates neighborhoods where no one will build, invest, or transit, including many middle class blacks.

Posted by Cassiopian | Report as abusive

The censorship continues at Reuters.

Posted by brotherkenny4 | Report as abusive

Police have gained too much power. If you are on the side of big government, then you are on the side of the police. They are there to enforce the will and goals of the state.

Posted by AlkalineState | Report as abusive

Until white men and women are killed in the same manner and on the same scale as blacks and hispanics, with no justification for use of deadly force, there will be no sea change.

The sad truth is white Americans don’t value black or hispanic lives at the same level as white lives, especially when they can see and hear a “brother” offering some sort of resistance to arrest.

As a white man, I’m ashamed to have to say this. America has become a police state, by any other standard than what the white, middle class American public wishes to believe.

(curious to see if Reuters censors these remarks)

Posted by LoveJoyOne | Report as abusive

Go ahead and protest. Go ahead and and ignore that Brown and Garner had a hand in their own deaths. This is not a police state – Our police hold so much back, they restrain much more than the police of other nations do. These protestors are juvenile and whiny. I know for sure each of those protestors cannot come up with better rules of engagement when trying to deal with our society.

Posted by militantis | Report as abusive

Sometimes Democracy doesn’t work. Socialism and Communism never work.
The attack on Garner was unjustified.
As for Brown, he was a thug who took what he wanted and there should be no question in any ones mind that he attacked the officer.
Also, the white community has been supporting the Black and Hispanic communities for at least 50 years.
Mott – Very intelligent comment.

Posted by p19 | Report as abusive

No one is more proficient at racism that Obama and Holder. They are masters at the art of dividing the Country.

Posted by p19 | Report as abusive

Cultural differences and racism on both sides exist. Still, I’ve seen a huge change over the decades. So why not heavily market jobs in the law enforcement to areas where there is a large black population? I’m sure there are plenty of qualified men and women willing to take up the challenge of law enforcement. Offer white officers in existing positions the option to transfer to another area until the numbers are more demographically balanced and not back-fill positions are those officers retire. I know that’s a pretty simplistic plan (and expensive), but why not right?

Posted by BadChicken | Report as abusive

Sorry for the lossoif any life..One this yuy was a criminal whom resisted arrest. Two, would all of these people be marching around, if a black officer, accidentally killed a white person..i don’t think so..so something is wrong in their psyches.

Posted by riposte | Report as abusive

I wish that this story was played out without the race card. In my opinion the nation’s police forces are generally out of control. Far too many officers have signed up because they are power hungry bruits, who love to be in control. The police seriously need to be dialed back. Every officer must recognize that if he tramples on people, he will be kicked out of the force — or worse.

diomarco, “was he doing an illegal act? was he resisting arrest? Sorry to hear of the death but obey the law.” I’m sure glad you’re not running things. C’mon, in most states we don’t execute people no matter what the crime. Even in capital punishment states we only do so for the worst of offenses, and after careful legal proceedings. The only situation where a civilian should be killed by a cop is when he poses a serious threat to the life of the cop. This guy SO TOTALLY did not. He was executed as this brutal “officer” felt the life squeeze out of him.

Posted by MooseDr | Report as abusive

Peniel,
You are so full of yourself. You have no idea of life in the 60′s. People like yourself are responsible for the your races avoidance of responsibility and self actualization. The US black population has done a fine job of holding themselves back. The current black generation has made Entitlement its foundation. Ferguson is a prime example of scumbags run amuck. Looting and burning seems to be a characteristic of Black Mobs. Not something your exalted Martin Luther would condone.

Posted by VinoYcafe | Report as abusive